Managing the Risks of Electronic Assistive Technology: Two complementary methods

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Managing the Risks of Electronic Assistive
Technology Two complementary methods

• Gordon Baxter1, Guy Dewsbury2 Andrew Monk1 Ian
  Sommerville2
• 1 Dept. of Psychology, University of York
• 2 Computing Department, Lancaster University

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Risk Analysis Framework

• Activities of Daily Living
• movement, nutrition, hygiene...
• fire, flood...
• Swain Guttmans (1983) error modes
• too much, too little...
• gt Taxonomy of domestic mishaps

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Generic Harms and Consequences

• Physical
• injury
• untreated medical condition
• physical deterioration
• Psychological/social
• dependency
• loneliness
• fear
• debt

• Consequences
• distress
• loss of confidence
• costly medical treatment
• death

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The PIT Process

• PIT Questionnaire
• 15 questions
• PIT Benefits Form
• single form
• PIT Problem Form
• one form per problem
• PIT Suggestions Form

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PIT questions

• General questions
• Equipment faults, aesthetics etc.
• Activity based questions
• Has the equipment made things better or worse for
  you? (Problems/Benefits)
• Targeted Questions
• Security/personal safety
• Using the carephone

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PIT Problem Form
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Problem Form Guidance

• Harm
• injury, untreated medical condition, physical
  deterioration, dependency, loneliness, fear, cost
• Chances of harm
• high, low, medium
• Consequences
• distress, loss of confidence, medical treatment,
  death
• Priority
• very important, important, not important

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Broadening Dependability For the Home

• Lapries (1995) model of dependability
• availability (readiness for use)
• reliability (continuity of service)
• safety
• confidentiality
• integrity
• maintainability

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The Relationship Between the Home and Technology
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Social Dependability Framework

• Fitness for purpose
• Transparency
• Requirements
• Trustworthiness
• Availability and reliability
• Safety
• Confidentiality and integrity
• Maintainability
• Survivability

• Acceptability
• Usability
• Learnability
• Cost
• Compatibility
• Efficiency
• Responsiveness
• Aesthetics
• Adaptability
• Configurability
• Openness
• Visibility
• User repairability

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CATCH

• Compendium of Assistive Technology Checklists for
  the Home
• Deigned to assist professionals in the
  appropriate choice of supportive system and...
• ... thereby reduce the risk of system failures

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CATCH Sections

• Section 1
• Which technology is most appropriate?
• Section 2
• Where is technology most required?
• Section 3
• Framework to guide the user through the
  dependability issues that should be considered

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CATCH and PIT
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CATCHing the Risks

• CATCH mainly targeted at design issues
• Risk prevention
• Considers all attributes of dependability
• sources of harm
• prevention/mitigation
• Does not prevent post design problems
• implentation/installation failures

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Into the PIT

• More explicit about risk
• HRA based
• Risk mitigation
• Post Installation
• Client-centred, Systematic approach
• Identify problems
• Attach priorities
• Suggest solutions

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CATCH PIT

• Complementary approaches
• CATCH design problems
• Trap post installation problems (PIT)

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The Future...

• FOLD Telecare (PIT)
• Viewpoint Housing (CATCH)
• MHA (CATCH)

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Acknowledgements

• EPSRC
• Grant Number GR/N13999 (DIRC)
• PIT
• Pam Mills (Durham)
• Lynn McAllister (West Lothian)
• Barbara Taylor Roy Thompson (FOLD)
• CATCH
• Anna Marshal-Day, Eileen Burns Aileen Orr
• Age Concern, Barrow
• MHA Penrith
• Dundee Social Work