Fig. 14-1, p.613

1
Fig. 14-1, p.613
2
Four basic digestive processes

• Motility muscular contractions within gut tube
  that mix and move forward the contents of the
  digestive tract
• Secretion secretion of mucus, water,
  electrolytes, enzymes,
• Digestion broken down structurally complex
  foodstuffes into smaller, absorbable units
• Absorption transfer absorbable units from
  digestive tract lumen into the blood or hemolymph
  or body cavity.

3
Fig. 14-2b, p.615
4
Fig. 14-2a, p.615
5
Table 14-1, p.616
6
Fig. 14-4, p.618
7
Cerebral cortex
Other inputs
Salivary center in medulla
Conditioned reflex
Autonomic nerves
Pressure receptors and chemoreceptors in mouth
Simple reflex
Salivary glands
Salivary secretion
Fig. 14-6, p.622
8
Fig. 14-7, p.624
9
Esophagus
Fundus
Smooth muscle
Gastroesophageal sphincter
Body
Stomach folds
Pyloric sphincter
Oxyntic mucosa
Pyloric gland area
Antrum
Duodenum
Fig. 14-8, p.627
10
Three main function of stomach

• Store ingested food
• Chemical digestion with HCl and enzymes
• Produce chyme (a thick, liquid mixture)

11
Fig. 14-9, p.629
12
Table 14-2, p.629
13
Table 14-3, p.632
14
Fig. 14-10, p.633
15
Fig. 14-11, p.634
16
Table 14-4, p.635
17
p.636
18
Table 14-5, p.636
19
Bile duct from liver
Stomach
Duodenum
Hormones (insulin, glucagon)
Blood
Endocrine portion of pancreas (islets of
Langerhans)
Acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes
Duct cells secrete aqueous NaHCO3 solution
Exocrine portion of pancreas (acinar and duct
cells)
The glandular portions of the pancreas are
grossly exaggerated.
Fig. 14-12, p.638
20
(secretin carried by blood)
(CCK carried by blood)
Fig. 14-13, p.640
21
Fig. 14-14, p.641
22
Fig. 14-15, p.642
23
Fig. 14-16, p.642
24
Lipid emulsion
Fig. 14-17, p.644
25
Fig. 14-18, p.645
26
Fig. 14-19, p.646
27
Fig. 14-20, p.647
28
Table 14-6, p.649
29
Fig. 14-22, p.652
30
Fig. 14-23, p.653
31
Fig. 14-24, p.654
32
Table 14-7, p.655
33
Transverse colon
Haustra
Taeniae coli
Descending colon
Ascending colon
Ileocecal valve
Appendix
Sigmoid colon
Cecum
Rectum
External anal sphincter (skeletal muscle)
Internal anal sphincter (smooth muscle)
Anal canal
Fig. 14-26, p.657
34
Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum
To small intestine
(b)
Fig. 14-27b, p.661