Biomechanics

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Biomechanics

• applies mechanics to biology
• physiological and medical applications are the
  main points in this course

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Biomechanics

• Biomechanics is the science that examines forces
  acting upon and within a biological structure and
  effects produced by such forces.
• B.M.
  Nigg

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Historical background

• Leonardo da Vinci, 1452-1519
• Andreas Vesalius, 1514-1564
• Galileo Galilei, 1564-1642
• William Harvey, 1578-1658
• René Descartes, 1596-1650
• Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, 1608-1679
• Robert Boyle, 1627-1691
• Robert Hooke, 1635-1703
• Isac Newton, 1642-1727
• Leonard Euler, 1707-1783
• Thomas Young, 1773-1829
• Jean Poiseuille, 1797-1869
• Adolf Fick, 1829-1901
• ....

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Leonardo da Vinci
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Andreas Vesalius
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Giovanni Alfonso Borelli
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The way of solving a Biomechanical problem
0. Description of the anatomy, the CAD-drawing.

1. How does the construction work mechanically ?

Kinematics
Anatomy
Limitations
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2. What about the loading ?
Equations of equilibrium (moments)
Equations of equilibrium (forces)
Outer forces
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2. What about the loading?
Loading
Compression
Tension
Ligament
Bending
Cartilage
Loading
Compression
Tension
Bending

• Internal forces

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It is not obvious that the position follows
unambiguous from the loading
ONLY PASSIVE ELEMENTS The position is given from
the loading
WITH ACTIVE ELEMENTS The position can be
com- pletely different even if the loading is
the same
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3. Constitutive relations
Mechanical properties of the most important
constituents of bone, muscles, tendons,
ligaments, cartilage etc.
STRESS
STRAIN
COMPACT BONE (APATITE AND COLLAGEN
STRESS
TENDON (COLLAGEN)
STRAIN