NREL Power point slide template cover and main slide

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Ongoing NREL Research On BA Cooperation
Michael Milligan Brendan Kirby
(consultant)National Renewable Energy
LaboratoryGolden, Colorado USA
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NREL Research Efforts

• Western Wind and Solar Integration Study
• Eastern Wind Integration Transmission Study
• Potential Benefits of Balancing Area Cooperation
  and Wide-Area Management Approaches in the
  Western Interconnection
• Quantify the potential benefits of reducing net
  variability and increasing response capability
  through cooperation among BAs
• Many methods to share variability and response
• Joint NREL/PNNL Virtual BA project

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Benefits of Balancing Area CooperationGenuine
Economies

• Reduce net variability
• Uncorrelated and partly correlated variability
  are reduced through aggregation
• Regulation and load following
• Load
• Wind
• Load wind
• Increase resource access
• Larger geography resource pool greater
  probability of excess maneuvering capability
• Sub-hourly scheduling gains access to Stranded
  ramping capability
• Utility owned IPP
• Generation and responsive load

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Multiple Beneficiaries

• Customers benefit
• Decreased ancillary service costs
• Wind benefits
• Decreased integration costs

• Generators benefit
• Increased sales opportunities
• BAs benefit
• Increased resource pool

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Minute-to-Minute Regulation Requires Additional
Capacity (Load and Wind)
Capacity Requirements Differ For Regulation and
Ramps
Load Ramps Do Not Require Additional Capacity
Just Additional Movement Of Existing Capacity
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Capacity Requirements Differ for Wind Serving
Internal vs External Load
Wind Serving Internal BA Load Does Not Require
Additional Capacity Just Additional Use of
Existing Capacity
Wind Serving External BA Load Does Require
Additional Capacity (But That Capacity Is Not
Very Useful To The Receiving BA)
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What You Do vs How You Do It

• Many methods to accomplish the same goal
• Reserve sharing pools
• Dynamic schedules between resources
• Dynamic scheduling with BAs
• Sub-hourly resource scheduling
• Sub-hourly BA scheduling
• Control area consolidation
• Result can be separated from implementation
  method or industry structure
• Vertically integrated
• Fully restructured
• Analysis is quite similar

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Initial Analysis and Data

• Unconstrained copper sheet analysis quantifies
  the upper bound on cooperative benefits
• Initial data
• 10 minute load from 106 areas within WECC for
  2006
• 10 minute wind data from WWSIS
• Initial analysis possibilities
• Compare variability over time frames of interest
• Minute-to-minute regulation
• Sub-hourly and hourly load following
• Infrequent, large ramps (tails events)
• Compare alternative levels of collaboration
• Individual BA
• Aggregate load, Aggregate wind, Aggregate wind
  and load
• Sub-hourly vs hourly scheduling
• With generators
• Between BAs

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References Various papers by Milligan Kirby

• Methodology for Examining Control Area Ramping
  Capabilities with Implications for Wind
• The Impact of Balancing Areas Size, Obligation
  Sharing, and Ramping Capability on Wind
  Integration
• An Analysis of Sub-Hourly Ramping Impacts of Wind
  Energy and Balancing Area Size
• Capacity Requirements to Support Inter-Balancing
  Area Wind Delivery

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Additional FY 2010 Tasks

• Production cost simulation
• Wind penetration and locations to be developed
  with VGS
• Hydro scheduling and dispatch
• Production cost and other metrics as desired by
  the VGS
• Sub-hourly scheduling impacts on resource
  availability
• Identify sources of flexibility and tap those
  that are economic
• Show impact of new transmission, demand response,
  wind only BAs, etc.
• Quantify both physical and economic benefits
• Physical and institutional constraints

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FY 2010 Tasks (continued)

• Canadian and Mexican renewable resources are not
  included in WWSIS
• Develop 3-year meso-model (wind) for the rest of
  WECC
• Coordinate time-synchronized load and wind data
• Develop full WECC model
• Possibly with TEPPC