Introduction to Atkins

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Introduction to Atkins

• Brownfield Regeneration is one area of work for
  Atkins. We do lots, lots more!
• Atkins at a Glance (including FG)
• Established 1938 as WS Atkins
• 17,278 employees
• Turnover 1.3 billion
• Offices in most major towns and cities in UK
• More than 200 permanent offices worldwide
• UKs largest engineering consultancy
• Europes largest multidisciplinary consultancy
• Eighth largest global design firm

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Introduction to Today

• In 2006 we ran a similar event with our
  colleagues from FG, LSH and EP
• This allows us to impart some of our knowledge to
  you in a relaxed environment
• It also provide an opportunity for new business
  relationships to develop and existing ones to be
  strengthened
• There is a lot we can do to assist with
  Brownfield Regeneration projects as the following
  talks will demonstrate

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Securing the Future Supply ofBrownfield Land
Government Response Prof. Peter Roberts Chair
Academy for Sustainable Communities
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Brownfield Land Policy - Context

• Old policy was frequently responsive i.e.
  Derelict Land Reclamation Grant used for many
  years
• Brownfield Land Policy now much more proactive
  identify land, identify potential, assess
  possibility, establish programmes, implement,
  monitor and review
• Brownfield Land Policy given boost by report of
  Urban Task Force and Sustainable Communities Plan
• Since 1998 availability of better and more
  comprehensive information NLUD PDL information
• And lots of research and guidance i.e.
  Brownfield Barriers

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National Brownfield Strategy Background

• In 2003, Government asked English Partnerships to
  work with Government departments and stakeholders
  to produce a National Brownfield Strategy (NBS)
  published June 2007
• Objectives of NBS
• Tackle existing problems of dereliction,
  particularly in towns and cities
• Help ensure a continuing supply of land,
  returning PDL to beneficial use
• Encourage and support best practice in the reuse
  of PDL, consistent with the principles of
  sustainable development

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National Brownfield Strategy - Recommendations

• Strand 1 Identifying, assessing and preparing
  brownfield for reuse
• Local Brownfield Strategies Physical /
  Regulatory / Market problems Prepare sites
• Strand 2 Safeguarding the environment
• Safeguard environment Use of brownfield for
  non-development use
• Strand 3 Enhancing communities
• Improve communities by tackling blight Secure
  amenity land
• Strand 4 Accreditation and skills
• Skills and training Ensure joined-up approach

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National Brownfield Strategy Government Response

• Strand 1 Identifying, assessing and preparing
  brownfield for reuse
• Links to PPS and other actions Extend support
  Technical and other help
• Strand 2 Safeguarding the environment
• Protocol on safeguarding Recognise alternative
  uses
• Strand 3 Enhancing communities
• Innovative approach with CLAIRE Various amenity
  actions
• Strand 4 Accreditation and skills
• Publication of Brownfield Skills Strategy
  National Brownfield Forum

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National Brownfield Strategy - Skills

• Brownfield Skills Strategy published alongside
  Government response
• Joint initiatives of ASC and EP
• Recommendations
• Skills Innovation Fund Skills Development
  Framework
• Link to World Class Skills
• Securing the workforce of the future
• Retaining and developing the workforce
• Responses received and undergoing assessment

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• Transport Placemaking Transport and Movement
• Jon Sandford, Associate Director, Atkins

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Content

• The importance of transport
• Transport barriers / challenges
• Transport enablers

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Transport Barriers / Challenges

• Need for strategy / masterplan
• Network context / site constraints
• Demand vs capacity
• Junctions
• Links
• Public transport
• Walking / cycling
• Procedural
• Need for a Transport Assessment / Statement /
  Plan
• Policy context / congruency
• People Having the right team

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How Atkins Can Help Keys to Success in Transport
for Regeneration

• Transport Assessments
• Transport planning support to masterplanning and
  site design
• Transport Modelling
• Strategy Development
• Movement and public realm dynamics

• Right People
• Quality of Place
• Understand the process
• Effective negotiation and dialogue
• Strength in depth and location
• Flexibility of service
• Client outcome focused
• COLLABORATION

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Transport Placemaking Overcoming the Challenges

• Start from the quality of the place that is
  being sought
• Respond to urban design issues
• people are the common currency
• A balanced / sustainable and multi-modal
  transport provision
• Include the application of traditional
  transport analysis

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The Urban Planning Process
Visioning / Futures
Spatial Strategy
Development Framework
Master-planning
Development Briefs
Multiple Building Clusters
Building Landscape Design Planning Applications
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Manual for Streets

• Place is the key for (residential / street)
  transport planning
• Create speed environment for innovation
• Relaxation of design standards encouraged
  risk and liability considered
• Structured process for street design

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Transport Masterplanning

• Define the structure for transport infrastructure
  and services
• Understand phasing / evolution of transport
  investment
• Understand how customers / site users can
  access the site / area
• Establish development potential in transport
  terms

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Transport Masterplanning Skills

• Urban design understanding and communication of
  transport ideas
• Placing transport interventions in urban design
  terms
• Schematic layouts / diagrams
• Layering by mode then integration of modes
• .. Converging towards detailed concept and
  design
• Communication and negotiation

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The Value of Public Transport InterventionsRegene
ration Site, Swinton

• Brownfield housing site
• Pragmatic approach being progessed
• Package of measures to unlock regeneration
• Constrained site access
• Emergency access route
• Pedestrian bridge link to railway station

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Site Proposal
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Emergency Access Route
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The Development Site andRailway Station
Connection
Station
Possible bridge extension and walk route link to
site
Development site
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Site Location Bridge Aerial Photo
Site of Possible Bridge Extension Across Passing
Line
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Existing Railway Overbridge
Passing Line to be traversed
Bridge extension here
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Victorias, Southend - Study Area
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Schematic Junction Remodelling Concepts
Revise traffic management to / from link
Create space
Create space
Create space and linkage
Create space
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Schematic Junction Remodelling Concepts II
Revise traffic management to / from link
Create space
Create space
Create space
Create space and linkage
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Option 1 - Two Way SERT and Bus By-Pass
RouteReverse Deepings Traffic Access
New Traffic Signals
Bus Stands Either Side Create Interchange Beneath
Over Bridge
Two Way Bus / Sert By Pass Route
Create space and movement across
Relocated bus stands
New Traffic Signals Allow Separate Stage for
Buses and SERT
Deepings Traffic Merges in from the South
New Traffic Signals
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Provisional Highways Scheme
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Planning ApplicationProcess Requirements

• Transport Assessment
• Transport Statement
• Travel Plan

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Transport Assessment Guidance

• Relates to appraisal of development site impacts
  .
• HT Guidelines 1994
• Now Department for Transport Guidance on
  Transport Assessment 2007 England
• DTLR Circular 02/2007 Planning the Strategic
  Road Network
• Note provincial variations

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Underlying Principles

• Encourage sustainability
• Manage the existing network
• Collaboration - negotiation interpretation
  qualitative factors!!
• Each application considered on its own merits by
  the LPA

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Transport Engineering Assessment

• Strategic Modelling
• Tactical Modelling
• Junction Modelling
• Traffic Micro-simulation Accession Analysis
• Spreadsheet Modelling
• AutoTrack Analysis
• Economic and business case assessment
• NATA wider / overall appraisal

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Assessment Tools

• Micro Simulation Network Modelling

Also Vissum Software
Analysis Using Paramics
Extent of Highway Network
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Assessment Tools

• AutoTrack Analysis Junction Design

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Sustainable Transport Solutions

• Travel Plan Framework / Toolkit
• Travel Plan (with end user)
• Monitoring and enforcement
• Delivering S106 solutions
• Corporate objectives zero carbon strategies
• Increasingly enabling development monitoring
  linked to phasingand S106 Agreements

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Pedestrian Planning

• Inform and validate masterplan development
• Inform future land values and rental levels
• Innovation - New and emerging techniques in
  pedestrian modelling and real time transport 3D
  visualisation
• Surveying and movement analysis
• Network wide modelling and accessibility
• Micro area / person modelling

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Parliament Square Types of staticactivity
(Saturday)
Saturday 1000 to 1800
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Parliament SquareDensity of static activity
(Saturday)
Saturday 1000 to 1800
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Route Choice Analysis
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Network Accessibility Modelling

• Example Spinningfields
• Mixed use development comprising 4.5m sqft
• Outcomes
• Support wayfinding within wider city
• Assessment of the key office movement axis
• Detail evaluation of potential optimisation for
  flows and space use of Hardman Square

Source Allied London and Foster and Partners
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Pedestrian spaces Deansgate as a key link between
Spinngfield
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Visibility Analysis
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Visibility Analysis
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Visibility Analysis
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Visibility Analysis
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Visibility Analysis
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Visibility Analysis
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Visibility Analysis
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Visibility Analysis
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Urban Development Forecasting Flows

• Example Leeds Eastgate
• Design evaluation
• Pedestrian modelling
• Strategy
• Outcome
• Identified enhancements
• Design developed using tool

The Eastgate masterplan
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Observed Pedestrian Flows
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Modelled Flows for the Existing City Centre
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Pedestrian micro-simulation
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Movie Clips
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Movement Space Rationalisation
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Euston Station
Eversholt Street
Key desire lines
Pinch points
Actual routes
Cardington Street
Euston Road
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Visibility Analysis of Existing Euston Estate
(Including Station Internal Space)
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Visibility Analysis of Vision Masterplan
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Euston Vision Masterplan
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How Atkins Can Help Keys to Success in Transport
for Regeneration

• Transport Assessments
• Transport planning support to masterplanning and
  site design
• Transport Modelling
• Strategy Development
• Movement and public realm dynamics

• Right People
• Quality of Place
• Understand the process
• Effective negotiation and dialogue
• Strength in depth and location
• Flexibility of service
• Client outcome focused
• COLLABORATION

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Transport is Key
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Transport Can Lead the Wayfor Regeneration
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Regeneration Constraints Case Studies Stephen
Cox, Atkins
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Case Studies

• Two recent examples of Atkins multidisciplinary
  specialists working to progress community
  aspirations for the redevelopment of brownfield
  land
• Threshfield Quarry in North Yorkshire
• Markham Colliery in South Wales

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Threshfield Quarry

• Working with a set of community aspirations, our
  approach was two-fold
• Barriers Constraints Report
• Initial Strategy Development (not covered in this
  presentation)
• Threshfield Quarry extends to 52ha and is
  situated within Yorkshire Dales National Park
• Potential for a mix of uses including
• Cultural, heritage and education uses
• Business space
• Sporting and recreational uses
• Outdoor ampitheatre and associated rehearsal and
  administrative space

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A Multi-disciplinary Approach
Noise Vibration Acoustics assessment for
amphitheatre Ecology Ecological survey of
site Ground Conditions (Desk-based) Geotechnical
appraisal Contamination review Transport Infrastr
ucture assessment capacity Built
Structures Review of existing analysis
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Conclusions

• No insurmountable barriers
• Community aspirations proven
• Business case to be made as part of next stage

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Former Markham Colliery

• Worked with set of community aspirations
  developed through previous consultancy work
• Barriers Constraints
• Options assessment
• Business plan for favoured option
• Markham Colliery operated from 1911 to 1985
• Potential for a mix of uses including
• Visitor Centre for proposed Valleys Regional Park
• Rural Skills Training Centre
• Office base for Park ranger service
• Low cost visitor accommodation (bunkhouse and
  campsite)
• Café
• Cycle hire

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A Multi-disciplinary Approach
Economics Regeneration Socio-economic, tourism
and education assessments. Business Plan Town
Planning Policy alignment, BREEAM,
Sustainability Ecology Ecological survey of
site Ground Conditions (Desk-based) Geotechnical
and Contamination review Property
Market Specialist input from LSH Architecture
and Design Outline building design and site
layout
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Conclusions

• Economic viability is marginal
• Commercial element introduced by study team to
  help cross-subsidise
• Proposals dependent on public sector grant
  support and robust funding applications required.

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Quantifying Remediation Costs Potential
Uncertainty
Gary Hirst 23rd September 2008
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Introduction

• Is large scale remediation financially too risky?
• Regulatory consistency?
• Lack of practical understanding in development
  industry?
• Remediation industry capability?
• New emerging technologies?
• What guidance is out there to assist?
• Exclude the Part IIA process

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Why Develop on Brownfield Land?

• Preserve greenbelt
• Redirect contaminated soils from landfill
• Stimulate the use of sustainable remediation
  technologies
• Clean up blighted land which pose risks to
  ecological, human health and controlled waters
  receptors
• Improve land value following remediation.
  Contaminated land is often in urban areas and is
  already serviced by good transport and community
  infrastructure

We need to recognise that not all contaminated
sites are suitable for redevelopment, but value
can be added by mitigating environmental risks
that may later improve a sites strategic and
commercial value!
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Mechanisms in Place A Sustainable Future?

• English Partnerships Brownfield Guide A
  Practitioners Guide to Land Reuse in England
  (late 2006). EP involvement since 2003 in policy
  making
• Communities Local Government Agencies working
  towards ensuring collaborative working across
  pollution / planning process
• Improvements to human health risk assessment
  framework, currently being rolled out by DEFRA
• Planning Bill (Nov 2007) aims to balance local
  needs with state objectives
• PPSs aim to maintain sustainable development on
  previously developed land. Target of 60 of new
  development on previously developed land

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Guidance Specific to Development on Brownfield
Land

• PPS23 Annex 2 Development on Land Affected By
  Contamination to ensure the planning process
  plays a key role in determining whether existing
  or future developments are not adversely affected
  by land contamination
• CLR11 provides a framework within which to assess
  and remediate to a level commensurate with the
  planning and regulatory process
• EP CLAIRE developing the CLUSTER initiative to
  remediate groups of contaminated sites
• Remediation Technology reviews by CLAIRE

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Uncertainties

• Too much guidance or too many regulatory hurdles?
• Financial uncertainty associated with remediation
  costs? Technical ability of Practitioners?
• Stock of derelict land reducing?
• Need for more joined up approach!
• Historically landfill disposal of contaminated
  materials was the chosen option provides high
  degree of certainty. No longer the most cost
  effective method of dealing with contamination.
  Changes to tax exemptions from November 2008

Contamination in soil especially groundwater is
cited by the property industry as the most
significant hurdle to redevelopment viability
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Best Practice Note 27

• BPN27 published by EP (2008) provides an
  introduction to estimating remediation costs
• Useful for pre acquisition investigations as part
  of due diligence
• Presents a model that can be used to form the
  basis of assessing the cost of developing
  contaminated land
• Does not replace the need for more detailed
  assessments is not definitive

Remediation defined in BPN27 as activities
whose purpose is to prevent, minimise, remedy or
mitigate the effects of harm to human health or
to the wider environment, or pollution of
controlled waters and to restore land or polluted
waters to a state appropriate for its intended
end purpose taking account of environmental
and/or public health requirements
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BPN27 Remediation Cost Model

• Provides benchmark costs per hectare
• Remediation costs vary depending upon site
  sensitivity
• Site sensitivity based upon end use and site
  environmental setting
• Allowance in cost ranges to take account of site
  history severity of potential contaminant
  sources
• Remediation costs excludes demolition, asbestos
  removal geotechnical constraints

• BPN27 is a starting point for estimating
  contaminated land remediation costs, and should
  not be used as a definitive estimate. Expert
  advice is required to develop a more robust
  remediation cost estimate

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CLR11 Model Procedures

• DEFRA guidance
• Key stages of assessment include
• Detailed site history
• Targeted intrusive investigations
• Generic and detailed quantitative environmental
  risk assessment
• Preliminary stages of environmental risk
  assessment undertaken to identify key risk
  drivers (eg human health, built environment,
  groundwaters, surface waters)
• Leads to preparation of outline remediation
  design cost
• Much more thorough than BPN27

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CLR11 Outline Remediation Design

• Key stages are as follows
• Identify key environmental risk drivers (risk
  assessments)
• Set remediation criteria for the site
• Set remediation objectives. This may include
• Suitability of remediation technologies
• Timing of development does remediation clean up
  in time
• Sustainability how green is your approach
  (waste, energy use etc)
• Economics cost benefit appraisal of different
  combinations of technologies
• Value engineering

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Remediation Technology Selection

• Severity of contamination
• Degree of clean up required
• Contaminant mobility in the environment
• Contaminant mass distribution (phasing)
• More than one remediation technology might be
  required where contaminant sources are identified
  in both soils (unsaturated) and groundwater
  (dissolved phase)
• Assess the cost benefit of a series of preferred
  technologies, and include this in the remediation
  options appraisal to be presented to the
  Regulators
• Larger sites may be more suited to process driven
  technologies

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Remediation Technologies

• Treatment technologies methods fall into 5
  broad categories
• Physical treatments that remove contaminants from
  soil groundwater or provide barriers to prevent
  exposure / movement
• Biological treatments, which transform or
  mineralise contaminants to a less toxic form
• Chemical treatments to destroy, fix or neutralise
  toxic components
• Solidification treatments that immobilise
  contaminants
• Thermal treatments that destroy or separate
  contaminants from existing soil media

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Remediation Technology Options

• Exsitu Remediation (Soils)
• Soil washing, bioremediation, stabilisation,
  thermal desorption
• Can be expensive, space restrictions
• Insitu Treatment (Soils)
• Barriers (capping systems, cut off walls,
  encapsulation)
• Stabilisation, bioventing, air sparging, soil
  mixing, augmentation
• Problematic where extensive ground obstacles
  present
• Insitu Remediation (Groundwater Free Product
  Removal)
• Multi-phase extraction, free product removal,
  biosparging, chemical oxidation, funnel gate,
  natural attenuation

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Ex-situ Soil Remediation

• Costs dependent upon
• Mobilisation of plant process equipment
• Volumes depth of excavation
• Treated effluent disposal requirements
• Any waste pre-treatment and / or disposal
• Temporary works requirements

Soils cannot be polished, so we need to
understand what the implications might be if
residual contamination remains post remediation.
We need to demonstrate by undertaking robust risk
assessment that the clean up standards achieved
are protective of the environment to the
satisfaction of the Regulators
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Groundwater Remediation

• Costs dependent upon
• Size of contaminant plume
• Source location, whether in the aquifer itself
  (free product) or above the water table in
  unsaturated soils
• Level of effort required to remediate to protect
  receptors
• Sensitivity of receptor
• Toxicity of any by-products
• Treatment of waste streams eg vapour liquid
  residuals
• Back up technologies may be required where
  remedial targets are not met

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Closure

• Not all brownfield land is contaminated!
• Liaise with the Regulators early on when
  developing remediation strategy
• Assess knock on effects of certain remediation
  technologies. Understand the life cycle
  implications of what you are doing. If not seek
  help!
• Make judgements on cost benefit of particular
  courses of action
• If still technical doubts, then commission a
  pilot trial
• Do not apply past experiences to a new site
• Look at economies of scale where several sites
  share a historical land use
• Perception is often worse than reality!

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National Brownfield StrategyInitial
Implementation
Tony Swindells Brownfield Consultant
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Brownfield Land in EnglandNLUD 2007 Mixed
Vintage

• Derelict and Vacant brownfield land
• 31,250 hectares (up 1,800ha / 6.1 on 2006)
• West Midlands, North West, Yorkshire
• Unused since 1998 or earlier
• Physical problems and market failure
• Brownfield land In Use (Latent)
• 27,160 hectares (up 3,900ha / 16.9 on 2006)
• More evenly distributed
• Significant concentrations in North West, South
  East and South West
• Generally smaller sites, often with status
  unchanged since 1998

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Stock Of Vacant/DerelictBrownfield Land In
England
Vacant and/or derelict
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Stock Of In Use Brownfield Land In England
In Use
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Regional distribution of Brownfield Land
Vacant and/or derelict
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Regional distribution of Brownfield Land
In Use
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National Brownfield StrategyOver-Arching
Principles

• Redevelop first, paying heed to PPS9 Biodiversity
  and PPS25 Flooding
• Focus efforts on urban land in towns and cities
  with infrastructure capacity
• Take account of full environmental impact when
  remediating sites
• When redevelopment is unsustainable take steps to
  make sites safe and tackle blight
• Apply highest design standards compatible with
  the economic viability of the site
• Make brownfield reuse decisions in context with
  the Respect Agenda

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A Four Strand ApproachTo Implementation

• Strand One identify, assess and prepare
  brownfield for reuse over the next 15 to 20
  years, to meet demands for all types of land uses
• Strand Two safeguarding the environment, by
  recognising that not all brownfield land is
  suitable for redevelopment
• Strand Three enhancing communities, by tackling
  visual and economic blight, then ensuring that
  land is properly maintained in the future
• Strand Four accreditation and skills, ensuring
  that that a more joined up approach is adopted
  with regard to brownfield land reuse and that
  practitioners have the appropriate skillsets

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Response From Government

• Published March 2008 at the English Partnerships
  Brownfield Conference
• Acceptance of nine recommendations, including
• Compile Local Brownfield Strategies
• Assess physical, regulatory and market problems
• Take steps to prepare the most seriously damaged
  land
• Improve local communities by tackling visual and
  economic blight associated with small brownfield
  sites
• Meet the need for appropriately qualified and
  experienced Brownfield Practitioners

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LBFS Work To Date

• Initial Local Authority Prioritisation 130
  Local Authorities
• Brownfield quantity (hectares) NLUD 2006 plotted
  against most deprived Super Output Areas (Index
  of Deprivation, 2007). 130 LAs.
• Local Authority Workshops 90 Local Authorities
• To discuss the main over-arching aspects
  preventing brownfield redevelopment. Obtaining
  Local Authority buy-in to LBFS.
• Final Local Authority Prioritisation 78 Local
  Authorities
• Worst problem Local Authorities (and most
  interested)
• LBFS Set Up
• Logical regions
• LBFS Work
• Obtaining full buy-in
• Discussing local issues conspiring to prevent
  brownfield redevelopment
• Theory and obtaining data to develop site
  assessment framework

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North West and West MidlandsLocal Brownfield
Strategies
35 LAs in 7 sub-regional groups (N-S)

• Cumbria (3)
• Central Lancashire (3)
• Greater Manchester and
• East Lancashire (9)
• Merseyside (6)
• Western Cheshire (3)
• Staffordshire (3)
• West Midlands andBlack Country (8)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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Local Brownfield Strategies(With A Difference)
50 LAs in 2 sub-regional groups

• South East (17)
• Particular problem with In Use land
• Learn from that work
• London (33)
• All London Boroughs
• Joint work with London Development Agency

L
SE
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Hints On How To Tackle Brownfield Land?

• the way we use land fundamentally affects our
  economy, the environment and our social cohesion
  

Speech by Rt Hon David Miliband MP, 10 May
2007 Centenary Conference of the Country Land and
Business Association, London "Economy,
Environment, Community The Next Decades
how we use land is a fundamental issue in
planning we have a duty to safeguard for future
generations the wide range of environmental goods
and services provided by sustainable land use
Kate barker, December 2006 Barker Review of Land
Use Planning Final Report Recommendations
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Sustainable Uses Of Brownfield Land
Social
Financial
Environment
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Local Brownfield Strategy Process
Site Identification
NLUD
LDA
NLUD Plus
SPSL Register
Economic/ Financial
Environment
Data gap analysis /or Sustainability index
adjustments
Sustainability Index
Social
National Land Use Database (NLUD) Scoping Study
outcomes / revision
Site Ranking G A R
South Eastern Region In Use Brownfield Study
London Region Local Brownfield Strategy with LDA
Consultation with LAs partners
Local Brownfield Strategy
No
Yes
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Local Brownfield StrategiesWeb Enabled GIS Tool

• Most Local Authorities dont have access to
  desk-based GIS!
• Polygons of sites!
• Contextual information
• Simple spatial analysis tools
• Decision making tool not simply data presentation
  
• Report functionality
• Frequent updates
• Multiple access levels
• EP/HCA/CLG LAs
• Developers
• Public

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Possible User Interface
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Local Brownfield StrategiesPrioritisation of
Sites
MONITOR THESE SITES.
NEED TO CONCENTRATE ON THESE SITES.
BUT DEFINITELY CANNOT FORGET ABOUT THESE!