THEORIES OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: BIOLOGICAL MODELS

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THEORIES OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY BIOLOGICAL MODELS
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STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY OF THE BRAIN
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STRUCTURES OF INTEREST

• Whole brain (ALL)
• Specific regions or circuits
• Neurons

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MAJOR CLASSES OF DISORDERS IN THE DSM-IV
DISTURBANCE OF...

• Emotion (Anxiety Disorders)
• Mood (Mood Disorders)
• Perception and thought (Psychosis)
• Cognition (Delirium, Dementia)
• Substance consumption (Alcohol, Drugs)
• Development (Disorders of infancy, childhood, or
  adolescence)
• Personality (Personality Disorders)

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THE HYPOTHALAMUS REGULATES

• Eating, drinking, sex
• Regulates bodys hormones through the endocrine
  system
• Influences basic emotions
• Is involved in the stress response

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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

• MRI involves eliciting magnetic signals from the
  brain that are then reconstructed by computer
  into a 3-dimensional image of the brain

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SCHIZOPHRENIA

• Disturbances in perception, cognition, mood,
  motor behavior

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LOSS OF BRAIN VOLUME

• MRI scans comparing the size of ventricles of
  identical twins, one of whom has schizophrenia
  (right).
• Source Daniel Weinberger,MD, NIMH Clinical
  Brain Disorders Branch

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NEUROCHEMICAL COMPLEXITY OF THE BRAIN
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Biochemical Causes of Abnormality

• Imbalances in the levels of neurotransmitters or
  hormones
• Poor functioning of receptors for
  neurotransmitters

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COMPLEXITY OF THE BRAIN PLASTICITY
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ATTACHMENT THEORY

• Biological foundation Lorenz concept of
  imprinting. Innate readiness to relate
• Interpersonal/social processes mother-child
  interaction (caretaker-child interaction) forms
  foundation for childs approach to the world
• Psychological construct internal working model

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UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

• Cultural Approaches

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OVERVIEW

• The Role of Culture in Psychopathology
• Cultural Psychology

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CULTURE AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

• Definition of psychopathology is culture based
• Culture as cause of psychopathology
• Culture as determinant of treatment

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DEFINITION OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IS CULTURE BASED
(Marsella)

• No absolute definition of mental illness
• Western views dominate
• central pattern of (Western) disorders is
  identified as the standard
• variations from Western symptom patterns are seen
  as atypical forms of the disorder
• Culture bound syndromes
• disorders that are unique to a particular culture

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Fits (India)
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CULTURE AS CAUSAL VARIABLE

• Gender roles
• Socioeconomic status
• Discrimination
• Acculturation

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CULTURE BASED RESPONSE TO MENTAL ILLNESS

• Attitudes toward the mentally ill
• Attitudes about treatment
• Resources devoted to treatment

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CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY (Marsella)
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Cultural Psychology Video, narrated by Dr.
Phillip Zimbardo

• Cross-cultural differences in world views
  contribute to differences in the understanding of
  and risk for disorders
• Racial discrimination and/or history of
  victimization as a source of stress
• Resiliency in the face of adversity
• Acculturation stress