Words andword formation processes

1
Words and-word formation processes
2
Word- and word formation processes.

• Word formation processes are the processes
  whereby new words come into being in a language.
• New words and new uses of old words is a sign of
  vitality and creativeness in the way a language
  is shaped by the needs of its users.

3
Etymology

• Etymology the study of the origin
• and history of a word. This is one of the
  technical words that comes to English through
  Latin, but has its origins in Greek.

4
Coinage

• Coinage is the invention of totally new terms.
• The most typical sources are invented trade names
  for one companys product which become general
  terms for any version of that product, e.g.
  aspirin, nylon, xerox, and kleenex.

5
Borrowing

• Borrowing is the taking over of words from
  other languages.
• The English language has adopted vast number of
  loan-words from other languages, including
  gazelle (Arabic), boss (Dutch), croissant
  (French) and piano (Italian).

6
Borrowing

• A special type of borrowing is described as
  loan-translation or calque.
• In this process, there is a direct translation of
  the elements of a word into the borrowing
  language. An interesting example is the French
  term un gratteciel, which literally translates as
  a skyscraper.