NERC GADS Wind Data Reporting Workshop

1
NERC GADS Wind Data Reporting Workshop

• G. Michael CurleyManager of GADS
  ServicesOctober 29, 2009

2
Who is NERC?

• NERC was selected at the Electric Reliability
  Organization (ERO) under section 215 of the
  Electric Policy Act of 2005.
• We are responsible for the reliability of the
  electric bulk power supply of the US and 6 of the
  providences of Canada.

3
What is GADS?

• GADS has been collecting data from electric
  utilities since 1982. Prior to that, data was
  collected by the Edison Electric Institute (EEI)
  for many years.
• In 2008, GADS collected power plant information
  on 5,800 generating units (786,000 MW) in North
  America.
• Most unique and largest database in the world.

4
Why collect data on wind turbines?

• Growth of industry and need for new, clean
  sources of power require that GADS investigate
  and provide performance data for wind turbines.
• ISO requirements
• Reliability assessments
• Industry interest and request for data for making
  wind turbines a part of their power portfolio.
• Benchmarking
• Measure of reliability and dependability

5
Since the last presentation

• Started work in June 2006.
• 88 members of the Wind Turbine Working Group
• Owners/operators
• ISO
• PUC
• Wind organizations (UWIG, AWEA)

6
New Wind Data Reporting Instructions
7
Wind DRI

• Parts to the Wind DRI
• Description of hierarchy (plants, groups and
  sub-groups)
• Terms and definitions of outage types
  (performance reporting)
• Categories of equipment associated with outages
  (component outage reporting)
• Equations for performance measures
• Examples of outage reporting

8
Description of WTG Hierarchy
9
Description of WTG Hierarchy
Plant (Farm or Park) ? Group ? Subgroup
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
10
Utility/Wind Farm or Wind Park

• A plant is defined as a collection of wind
  turbine groups at a single physical location.
  Plant ID is a unique ID for the plant that you
  are reporting. This ID is referenced in all
  groups, sub-groups, performance, and component
  data existing under the plant.
• Plant Name is the name used to identify the farm
  or park.

Utility XYZ
Big Wind Wind Farm 1
Canyon Breeze Wind Farm 2
Cool Wind Wind Farm 3
Early Morning Wind Farm 4
11
WTG Group Identification
Early Morning Wind Farm 4
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
12
WTG Group Identification

• A group is one or more sub-groups that are
  connected to a common revenue meter. There may
  be any number of groups per wind plant. Each
  group has a unique number that identifies it as
  part of a particular wind plant. Each group will
  have a unique turbine group ID that will be
  associated with its child sub-group. This ID is
  assigned by the reporting utility.

13
WTG Group Identification

• Wind Turbine Groups
• Associated Plant Identifier
• Turbine Group ID
• Turbine Group Name
• NERC Utility Code
• NERC Unit Code
• Installed Capacity in MW
• Auxiliary Capacity
• Commercial Date
• Nearest City, State
• Location Longitude and Latitude
• Elevation
• Wind Regime (topography)
• SCADA Type
• SCADA Manufacturer
• SCADA Model

14
WTG Group Design Details

• Plant ID - a unique ID to the plant that you are
  reporting. This ID is referenced in all groups,
  sub-groups, performance, and component data
  existing under the plant.
• Group ID - Enter a unique ID to the group that
  you are reporting. This ID is referenced in all
  sub-groups, performance data, and hours data
  existing under the group.
• Group Name - the name given to the group that you
  are reporting.
• NERC Utility Code - the three character
  alpha-numeric code NERC assigned to your utility.
  Appendix B contains a complete list of the
  utilities participating in GADS and their
  assigned utility codes.
• NERC Unit Code - the three character
  alpha-numeric code your utility assigned for the
  unit that you are reporting. This code
  distinguishes one unit from another in your
  utility. Appendix B contains a guide for
  selecting unit codes.
• ISO Resource ID - the unique identifier given to
  the group by the ISO.

15
WTG Group Design Details

• Capacity - the total capacity for the entire
  group, measured in megawatts (MW).
• Auxiliary Capacity - the combined capacities for
  all the auxiliary turbines not normally
  connected, and not part of GIC, measured in
  megawatts (MW).
• Commercial Date - the date (MM/DD/YYYY), that the
  group came online and entered into active status.
• Country - the two-letter country abbreviation
  where the group is located

16
WTG Group Design Details

• Nearest City - the name of the city closest in
  proximity to the group.
• State /Province - the two-letter state/province
  abbreviation where the group is located.
• Longitude - the degrees of longitude of the
  physical location of the group.
• Latitude - the degrees of latitude of the
  physical location of the group.
• Elevation - the elevation of the physical
  location of the group, given in meters.

17
WTG Group Design Details

• Wind Regime - the average topography of the area
  in which the group is located
• Annual Average Wind Speed - the annual average
  wind speed (AAWS) at 80m, measured in meters per
  second
• SCADA Type - the type of SCADA system being used.
• SCADA Manufacturer
• SCADA Model

18
WTG Sub-Group Identification

• Wind Turbine Sub-Group
• Group ID
• Turbine Sub-Group ID
• Sub-Group Name
• Commissioning Year
• Typical Turbine Capacity
• Total Turbines
• Manufacturer
• Make
• Model
• Rotor Height and Diameter
• Cut-in and Cut-out Wind Speed
• Turbine Wind Class
• Turbulence
• Wind Speed Range
• Wind Shear

19
WTG Sub-Group Identification

• A sub-group is a collection of wind turbine
  machines with the same manufacturer, designs,
  model number, and phase of construction. This
  data collection is a one-time event and it is
  strongly encouraged to follow the recommended
  guidelines mentioned. Each sub-group will have a
  unique identifier and be associated with its
  parent group. Component outage and performance
  data will be collected at this level.

20
WTG Sub-Group ID Details

• Plant ID - a unique ID to the plant that you are
  reporting. This ID is referenced in all groups,
  sub-groups, performance, and component data
  existing under the plant.
• Group ID - a unique ID to the group that you are
  reporting. This ID is referenced in all
  sub-groups, performance data, and hours data
  existing under the group.
• Sub-Group ID - a unique ID to the sub-group that
  you are reporting. This ID is referenced in all
  performance and component data existing under the
  sub-group.
• NERC Utility Code - the three character
  alpha-numeric code NERC assigned to your utility.
  Appendix B contains a complete list of the
  utilities participating in GADS and their
  assigned utility codes.
• NERC Unit Code - the three character
  alpha-numeric code your utility assigned for the
  unit that you are reporting. This code
  distinguishes one unit from another in your
  utility. Appendix B contains a guide for
  selecting unit codes.

21
WTG Sub-Group ID Details

• Sub-Group Number - The sub-group number
  identifies all the individual sub-groups within a
  parent group. Each sub-group is assigned a
  unique code as they are entered starting with 1
  through 999. If you have two groups, Group A
  having 2 sub-groups and Group B having 3
  sub-groups, the sub-groups associated with Group
  A would be numbered 1 and 2, while the sub-groups
  associated with Group B would be numbered 1, 2,
  and 3.
• Sub-Group Name - the name given to the sub-group
  that you are reporting.
• Commissioning Year - the year (YYYY), that the
  sub-group was commissioned.
• Typical Nameplate Capacity - the individual
  turbine capacity, or megawatt (MW) rating, of the
  typical wind turbine in the group. For example,
  if your subgroup is made up of twenty 1.5 MW
  turbines you would enter 1.5 MW.
• Total Number of Turbines - the actual number of
  physical turbines that exist in the sub-group.
  For example, if your subgroup is made of twenty
  turbines you would enter 20.

22
WTG Sub-Group Design Details

• Manufacturer - the name of the manufacturer of
  the turbines in the sub-group. See Appendix F.
• Make - the name of the make of the turbines in
  the sub-group.
• Model - the model name of the turbines in the
  sub-group.
• Rotor Height - the height of the rotor hub, given
  in meters.
• Rotor Diameter - the diameter of the rotor, given
  in meters.
• Cut-in Wind Speed - the lowest wind speed that
  the turbine will start to generate power, in
  meters per second.

23
WTG Sub-Group Design Details

• Low Cut-out Wind Speed - the lowest wind speed
  that the turbine can continue to generate power
  before cutting out, in meters per second
• High Cut-out Wind Speed - the highest wind speed
  at which the turbine is capable of generating
  power before cutting out, in meters per second.

24
WTG Sub-Group Turbine Wind Class Details

• Turbulence
• Wind Speed Range - the average range of wind
  speed where the sub-group is located, measured in
  meters per second
• Wind Shear - the average strength of the
  difference between wind speeds from the tip of
  the rotor at its lowest point and its highest
  point.

25
Design Specs
Wind Speed Range From the table below, select the
average range of wind speed where the sub-group
is located, measured in meters per second.
26
States of Operation
27
States of Operation
28
Time Spent in Various Unit States
Calendar Hours (CalTH)
Inactive Hours(ITH)
Inactive Reserve (IRTH)
Mothballed(MBTH)
Retired(RTH)
29
What Are Turbine-hours?

• Turbine-Hours are equal to the number of turbines
  in the group or sub-group times the number of
  Calendar Hours in the period. TH for any given
  condition for a given sub-group is equal to the
  total number of Calendar Hours that each wind
  turbine (WTG) in the sub-group spent in the given
  condition.
• All of the following time/condition
  classifications are considered to be in
  turbine-hours.
• For example, the number of TH for a group of 12
  WTG in January (with 744 hours in January) would
  be 12 x 744 or 8,928 TH.
• If one of those turbines were mothballed, the
  Period Turbine-Hours (PTH) would be 11 x 744 or
  8,184 PTH with 744 Inactive Turbine-Hours.

30
WTG Inactive Hours

• Inactive Reserve Turbine-Hours IRTH - Total
  number of turbine-hours for the period being
  reported that turbines within the sub-group are
  in the inactive reserve state.
• Mothballed Turbine-Hours MBTH - Total number of
  turbine-hours for the period being reported that
  turbines within the sub-group are in the
  mothballed state.
• Retired Unit Turbine-Hours RTH - Total number
  of turbine-hours for the period being reported
  that turbines within the sub-group are in the
  retired state.

31
WTG Active States
32
WTG Available Turbine Hours

• Period Turbine-Hours PDTH - the number of hours
  that turbines within the sub-group are in the
  active state. PDTH can vary in output reports
  (month, year, etc.) but for GADS reporting
  purposes, data is collected on the number of
  turbine-hours in a month.
• Contact Turbine-Hours CTH - the number of hours
  that turbines within the sub-group are
  synchronized to the system. It is the
  turbine-hours that the contactors are closed
  without regard to the grid connection.
• Reserve Shutdown Turbine-Hours RSTH - the sum
  of all hours that turbines within the sub-group
  are available to the system at a reduced capacity
  for economic reasons. There are no equipment
  problems and the turbines are ready for service.
  Do not include RSTH in the same equations with
  CTH because this would double count turbine-hours

33
WTG Unavailable Turbine Hours

• Forced Turbine-Hours (FTH) - FTH is the sum of
  all the hours that turbines within the sub-group
  are off-line due to forced events. FTH are all
  forced events where the WTG must be removed from
  service for repairs before the next Sunday at
  2400 (just before Sunday becomes Monday).
• A few examples of forced events
• LS Generator identified as bad, but fails before
  it can be replaced
• Underground Cable Failure
• A turbine fails a hydraulic motor. There is no
  wind anywhere in the area. In fact, no power has
  been made on any turbine for over a week.

34
WTG Unavailable Turbine Hours

• Maintenance Turbine-Hour (MTH) - MTH is the sum
  of all the hours that turbines within the
  sub-group are off-line due to a maintenance
  event.
• A maintenance event is an event that can be
  deferred beyond the end of the next weekend
  (Sunday at 2400), but requires that a wind
  turbine be removed from service, another outage
  state, or Reserve Shutdown state before the next
  Planned event. Characteristically, a maintenance
  event can occur at any time during the year, has
  a flexible start date, may or may not have a
  predetermined duration, and is usually much
  shorter than a Planned Event.
• If an event occurs before Friday at 2400, the
  above definition applies. If the event occurs
  after Friday at 2400 and before Sunday at 2400,
  the Maintenance event will only apply if the
  event can be delayed past the next, not current,
  weekend. If the event cannot be deferred, the
  event shall be a Forced Event.

35
WTG Unavailable Turbine Hours

• Maintenance Turbine-Hour (MTH)
• A few examples of maintenance events
• Brand X manufacturer has developed a new
  operating program for their WTG and all turbines
  are scheduled for installation of the update.
• Gases are slightly high in transformer. The
  transformer is monitored and replaced when
  convenient.

36
WTG Unavailable Turbine Hours

• Planned Turbine-Hour (PTH) - PTH is the sum of
  all the hours that turbines in the sub-group are
  off-line due to a planned event. A Planned Event
  is scheduled well in advance and is of
  predetermined duration and can occur several
  times a year.
• A few examples of planned events
• Substation maintenance
• WTG preventative maintenance

37
Time Spent in Various Unit States
38
Site vs. Equipment Views

• Site Available Turbine-Hours (SATH) - SATH is the
  number of active turbine hours that the wind
  resource was available for generation. SATH is
  equal to the Period Turbine-Hours (PDTH) minus
  the sum of Planned Turbine-Hours (PTH), Forced
  Turbine-Hours (FTH), Maintenance Turbine-Hours
  (MTH) and Resource Unavailable Turbine-Hours
  (RUTH).
• Equipment Available Turbine-Hours (EATH) - EATH
  is the total active turbine hours that the
  equipment is considered available for generation.
  It is equal to the sum of the Contact
  Turbine-Hours (CTH), Reserve Shutdown Turbine
  Hours and Resource Unavailable Turbine-Hours
  (RUTH).
• Site Unavailable Turbine-Hours (SUTH) - SUTH is
  the total active turbine hours where the site was
  unavailable for generation due to equipment
  outages or unavailable resource. It is equal to
  the sum of Planned Turbine-Hours (PTH), Forced
  Turbine-Hours (FTH), Maintenance Turbine- Hours
  (MTH) and Resource Unavailable Turbine-Hours
  (RUTH).
• Equipment Unavailable Turbine-Hours (EUTH) - EUTH
  is the total active turbine hours where the
  equipment was unavailable for generation due to
  equipment outages. It is equal to the sum of
  Planned Turbine-Hours (PTH), Forced Turbine-Hours
  (FTH), and Maintenance Turbine-Hours (MTH).

39
Time Spent in Various Unit States
40
RUTH Available and Unavailable

• Resource Unavailable Turbine-Hours (RUTH)
• RUTH is the number of turbine-hours the turbines
  within a sub-group is not producing electricity
  due to the wind too low or too high or was
  outside manufacturers operating specifications.
  For example, if 10 turbines stopped generating
  because of wind conditions for 3 hours each, RUTH
  would equal 30 turbine hours. RUTH is classified
  as Available Turbine-Hours for equipment
  calculations and Unavailable Turbine-Hours for
  site calculations.

41
Outside Management Control
42
Outside Management Control
43
Outside Management Control

• OMC Forced Turbine-Hours oFTH - oFTH is a
  sub-set of FTH that equals any forced
  turbine-hours that were due to causes deemed to
  be outside of management control.
• A few examples of forced OMC events
• The Off-Taker calls and indicates that a truck
  has damaged a pole on the line carrying power
  from the site. The repair cannot wait and power
  will be down for a few hours.
• Safety shutdown due to an approaching storm.
• WTGs shedding ice on the local highway. The
  turbines were shutdown due to safety concerns

44
Outside Management Control

• OMC Maintenance Turbine-Hour (oMTH) - oMTH is a
  sub-set of MTH that equals any maintenance
  Turbine-Hours that were due to causes deemed to
  be outside of management control (OMC). For more
  information on OMC, refer to Appendix G.
• A few examples of maintenance OMC events
• A contractor off-site damages a high voltage (HV)
  cable. Repairs are made 2 weeks later.
• Transmission line maintenance activities.

45
Outside Management Control

• OMC Planned Turbine-Hour (oPTH) - oPTH is a
  sub-set of PTH that equals any planned
  Turbine-Hours that were due to causes deemed to
  be outside of management control.
• A few examples of planned OMC events
• Planned Off-Taker outages
• The Off-Taker is upgrading their system and power
  reduction is required

46
Priority of Outage Reporting

• In some instances, there may be more than one
  event occurring at the same time. In such cases,
  the group remains on the highest order of outage
  until it is cleared and then moves to the next
  level of outage reporting. As per the WTWG
  meeting, September 2008, the order of outages is
  as follows
• Contact Turbine-Hours
• Forced Turbine-Hours
• Maintenance Turbine-Hours
• Planned Turbine-Hours
• Reserve Shutdown Turbine-Hours
• Resource Unavailable Turbine-Hours

47
Equations for performance measures
48
106 Equations

• Resource and Equipment Calculations These
  equations calculate the individual resource and
  equipment performance by turbine sub-group(s)
  that have the same, or very similar, capacities.
  These equations also include OMC hours.
• Pooled Resource and Equipment Calculations
  These equations pool the resource and equipment
  performance of sub-groups into collections of
  sub-groups, groups, or farms. These equations
  also include OMC hours.
• Resource and Equipment Calculations without OMC
  Hours These equations calculate the individual
  resource and equipment performance by turbine
  sub-group(s) that have the same, or very similar,
  capacities. These equations do not include OMC
  hours.
• Multi-Resource and Multi-Equipment Calculations
  without OMC Hours These equations pool the
  resource and equipment performance of sub-groups
  into collections of sub-groups, groups, or farms.
  These equations do not include OMC hours.

49
Example of Single Group/Sub-group Equations

• Resource Equivalent Forced Outage Factor (REFOF)
  - of period that the plant was forced off line.
  Including low and high winds.

• Equipment Equivalent Forced Outage Factor
  (EEFOF) - of period that the WTG equipment
  was forced off line.
• Excluding low and high winds.

50
Example of Pooled Equations

• Resource Equivalent Forced Outage Factor
  (REFOF) of period that the plant was forced
  off line. Including low and high winds.
• Equipment Equivalent Forced Outage Factor
  (EEFOF) of period that the WTG equipment was
  forced off line.

51
Example of performance measures
52
Example of Performance ReportBased on 1,266 WTG
Reporting in 2009
53
Categories of Equipment Associated With Outages
54
Categories of Equipment Associated With Outages
55
Monthly Calculations of Operation
56
Monthly Calculations of Operation
57
Example of Performance ReportBased on 1,266 WTG
Reporting in 2009
58
Example of Performance ReportBased on 1,266 WTG
Reporting in 2009
Resource Indicators
Equipment Indicators
59
Example of Performance ReportBased on 1,266 WTG
Reporting in 2009
60
Conclusion

• GADS wind collection database is operational.
• Data Reporting Instructions are available on line
  at http//www.nerc.com/page.php?cid44345.
• Data collection software available online and
  free at the same link.

61
For More Information

• Copy of Wind Data Reporting Instructions
• Copy of software and layout for creating your own
  software
• http//www.nerc.com/page.php?cid44345

62
Question Answer
Contact Mike Curley Manager of GADS
Services mike.curley_at_nerc.net 801.756.0972