A TRIANGULATION MULITSITES CASE STUDY OF ABANDONED YOUNG PEOPLE IN RESIDENTIAL CARE AND CARE LEAVERS

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A TRIANGULATION MULIT-SITES CASE STUDY OF
ABANDONED YOUNG PEOPLE IN RESIDENTIAL CARE AND
CARE LEAVERS IN SAUDI ARABIA
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• Research Methods Aims, Data collection
  Procedures ,
• design, sample
• Residential Care Residential Institutes, Welfare
  System
• Sample Characteristics Impact of being
  abandoned
• child, length of staying
• Reason of Staying long time, Leaving Residential
  
• Care, Combing back
• Conclusion What are needed?

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Research Methods

• Objectives and Questions to explore
• The needs of abandoned young people
• How they are impacted by being born of unknown
  parents and placed at residential care
• How the provided programmes, services and
  policies are perceived in meeting their needs.
• What are needed to be done?

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Field Work Plan

• July 2006 Dec 2006
• Informal interviews with relevant key persons Aug
  2005
• Triangulation Mixed Methods Design QUAL quan
• (Data Collection Data Analysis)

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A TRIANGULATION MULIT-SITES CASE STUDY OF
ABANDONED YOUNG PEOPLE IN RESIDENTIAL CARE AND
CARE LEAVERS IN SAUDI ARABIA
Triangulation Mixed Methods Design
It is a homogeneous concurrent Sampling Typical
atypical cases
QUAL Data and Results
quan Data and Results
It is Multilevel Mixed Methods Sampling Data
Triangulation

Interpretation
It is a Methodological Triangulation
It is Environmental triangulation
Where 12 selected settings located in two cities
within various neighbourhoods (low, middle or
high class)
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Sampling

• Purposive, Snowballing, Whole (non-random sample)
• Concurrent / Multilevel Mixed Methods Sampling
• Both typical and atypical cases (Stake, 2006)
  Twelve social institutes, ten in-care programmes,
  and two after-care programmes
• Piloting

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RESIDENTIAL CARE
Service Providers
Residential Institutes
Service Users
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HOW WELFARE IS PROVIDED?
PUBLIC SECTOR R. Institutes 2005 2101
VOLUNTARY SECTOR R. Institutes 1200 162 2006
1017
COMMUNITY Family 1200/3000 450 2005 5128
Total 8246
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• THE CHARACTERSTICS OF RI

• Common in Saudi Arabia
• The First Gov. Established in 1934 M
• 30 Yrs - 1963 F
• 1965 Voluntary Residential Institutes

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• THE CHARACTERSTICS OF RI (2)

• 35 Residential Institutes SA
• Care is Provided in a Traditional Way (Total
  Institution)
• Residents Needs Are Met Under the Same Roof
  Accordance with the Same Plan (Sinclair, 1988)

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Social Emotional Needs
Self- actualization

• Identity, self-image, stigma
• Belonging Wanted, loved, appreciated
• Feeling safe/secure, exploited, abused
• Separated, discharged
• Food, Shelter, Surveillance
• Pocket money are met

Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological
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Why Certain Needs Are Not Met?

• Placed based on Age/Gender rather personal/
  social needs
• Contradict w/ normal way of life
• Family roles e.g. paternity, maternity,
  fraternity, family members family language e.g.
  mom, dad, grand
• mom havent been used
  Director of male institute
• Very low staff compared to residents ratio,
  institutes size
• Rare to sense homeliness privacy

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The Characteristics of YP

• As a result of being born of unknown parents,
  they
• De-attached when they were infants
• Have experienced repeated breaking Attachments
• with primary caregivers due to Multi
  Movements

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Attachment

• Dont remind me. It was the hardest
  experience in my
• life
• Why?
• Because we moved from our little heaven and
  world to another world which was full of
  pains and sadness. Imagine someone tries to grab
  a child from his mothers lap. This is what was
  our situations. After six years of beautiful
  life, all the sudden, we were deprived from
  living with people we loved to be with them and
  places we loved to stay in. The worst thing when
  the workers we loved and trusted were involved in
  such transition (a 26 years old Care
  Leaver)
• Source Document. Institutes magazine

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Multiple Movements

• 51 had not had stable life due to
  movements
• M 59 , F 44.4 (no sig.)
• I stayed for 11 years - from birth- at the
  Nursery social institute in Riyadh, then 2 years
  at another institute in a village for males.
  After that I spent one year at social correction
  agency for deviant juveniles in Riyadh. One year
  in another city, then 2 years in Riyadh and 4
  years in Jeddah. Then I got married for a year
  but divorced and remarried but not feeling happy.
  I Im still feeling that Im hanging around
  myself (24 male care leavers)

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Why Does She Abandon her ?
Fail to legalise marriage
Illegitimacy/ out of wedlock
Unwanted
Unplanned Pregnancy
Gender
Illness HIV
Rape
Divorce
Hate
Prison
Suspect Affair
Poverty
Death
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What They Know About Birth Parents?

No Sig.
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The impact of being born

• 63 wanted to know birth parents
• Live w/o Identity (family oriented society)
• Wondering why their names seem to be alike
• We feel our names were chosen by lot
• 
  several young people
• Found in Hospital
• Access to personal file

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The impact of being born (2)

• Different name from Society (family oriented)
• Name not matching Alternative Family
• Start asking 12, No persuasive response
• Confused and uncertain / self-development /esteem
• More Half embarrassed/feel stigmatised when asked
  about birth parents/family

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Time Spent at RI

• Spend long time at RI
• 78 F vs. 40.4 M 8 years in Public
• All respondents of Voluntary 10 years

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Length of Staying at Residential Care
Mean 11.87 St. D 5.644 Median 13 Mode
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Mean 9.33 St. D 5.515 Median 8 Mode
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Plt.001
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REASON FOR STAYING LONG TIME?
Plt.001
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REASON FOR LEAVING CARE?
Plt .001
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The Number of Returned Care Leavers

Plt.001, Cramer's V .346
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WHY COME BACK?
74
86.3
Divorce
Left Alternative Family
Plt.001 Phi .454
Plt.001 Phi .567
28.2
31
53.2
61.1
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WHY COME BACK? (2)
37
7.4
Quit Work
Not Adjusted
Plt.001 Phi -.284
Plt.001 Phi -.513
65.4
54
50
28.3
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Conclusion So what are needed?

• Is alternative family/adoption the answer? If
  not,
• Is there is a need for small homes vs. Large
  institute?
• Or do we need to increase the number of RI?
• Do we need to review the application of religious
  policy to adoption (e.g. name matching) ?
• What do we need to expand/improve the Alternative
  Family Programmes (e.g. nursing, more privileges?

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What are needed? (2)

• What do they need while they in care?
• How can we create social support system for them?
• What are needed to ensure that only qualified and
  humane staff (mind/heart) are involved in
  provided care?
• Are they prepared to leave care and live
  independently but successfully? pathway plan

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What are needed ? (3)

• What do they need after leaving care?
• Is policy transfer feasible?
• e.g. National Leaving Care Scheme/Act

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References for Methodologies

• Bernardi, L., Keim, S and Lippe, H. (2007).
  Social Influences on Fertility A Comparative
  Mixed
• Methods Study in eastern and Western Germany.
  Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1 23- 47.
• Creswell, J. W. (2007). HSHS Mixed Methods
  Conference Workshop
• Denzin, N. (1970). The Research Act in
  Sociology. Chicago Aldine Publishing Company.
• Denzin, N. And Lincolon, Y.S. (1998).
  Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry. California
  SAGE.
• Guion, L. (2002). Triangulation Establishing
  the Validity of Qualitative Studies.
  http//edis.ifas.ufl.edu
• Morgan, D. L. (1998). Practical Strategies for
  Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods
• Applications to Health Research. Qual Health
  Res, 8 362-376.
• Stake, R.E. (2006). Multiple Case Study
  Analysis. New York The Guilford Press.
• Tashakkori, A. And Creswell, J. W. (2007).
  Editorial Exploring the Nature of Research
  Questions in Mixed
• Methods Research. Journal of Mixed Methods
  Research, 1 207-211
• Teddlie, C. And Yu, F. (2007). Mixed Methods
  Sampling A Typology With Examples. Journal of
  Mixed
• Methods Research, 1 77-100.
• Yin, R. (2003). Case Study Research Design and
  Methods. California Sage.

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References for Research Topic

• Evans, D. And Kearney, J. (1996). Working in
  Social Care A Systemic Approach. Vermont
  Ashgate Publishing Limited.
• Alansary, A. (2004). Pscyological and Behvioural
  Problems of Children of Unknown Parents
  Integrating them Through Alternative Families.
  Kuwait Council of
• Alassaf, S. (1989). Dealing with Children of
  Unknown Identity Descriptive and Evaluative
  Study. Riyadh Arabic Centre for Training and
  Security Studies.
• Alawadhy, F. A. (Undated). The Regulations of
  Children of Unknown Parents in Islamic
  Jurisprudence. Department of Edification and
  Counseling in Theological Studies.
• Al nafisah, A. H. (1990). Contemporary
  Jurisprudence Research Journal A journal
  Specialised in Islamic Jurisprudence. 7, 2
  33-44.
• Alnaser, F. (2004). The Attitudes of Society and
  Residential Institutes towards Children of
  Unknown Parents Social Perspective. Kuwait
  Council of Ministers of Labour and Social Affairs
  of Gulf Areas.
• Alsadhan, A. N. (2003). Children without
  Families. Riyadh Alobaikan.
• Alzaharny, M. (2001). Informing Children of
  Unknown Parents About their Social Situation.
  Riyadh King Fahed National Library.
• Biehal et al. (1995). Moving on Young People
  and Leaving Care Schemes. London HMSO.
• Beldwin, D. A. (1998). Growing Up In Out Care
  An ethnographic Approach to Young Peoples
  Transition to Adulthood. Doctoral Thesis at
  University of York.
• Mitwally, M.M. (Undated). Islamic Care for
  Illegitimates.
• The Annual Statistic Book. (2003/2004). Ministry
  of Labour and Social Affairs. Riyadh. Daar
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• The Annual Statistic Book. (2005/2006). Ministry
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• Sinclair, I. (1988). Residential Care The
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  Stationery Office.

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A TRIANGULATION MULIT-SITES CASE STUDY OF
ABANDONED YOUNG PEOPLE IN RESIDENTIAL CARE AND
CARE LEAVERS IN SAUDI ARABIA
Thank You

• Ahmed A. Albar
• aa513_at_york.ac.uk