Title: THE EXPANDED SPACEBASED COMPONENT OF THE WORLD WEATHER WATCHS GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM
1The WMO Space Programme
Dr Donald E. Hinsman Head WMO Space
Programme World Meteorological Organization
2Outline
- WMO Structure
- Status of the WWWs space-based sub-system GOS
- WMO Space Programme
- WMO Space Programme Implementation
- Towards an integrated WMO global observing system
?
3WMO and UN - Historical Background
- Aug 1853 First International Meteorological
Congress - Sept 1873 IMO created as a non-governmental body
- Jun 1945 Creation of the United Nations
- Feb 1946 Extraordinary Conference of Directors of
NMSs - Sept 1947 Conference of Directors adopt WMO
Convention - Mar 1950 Entry into force of WMO Convention
- Dec 1951 Specialized Agency of UN
- Membership ( September 2004) 187 States and
Territories
4Purposes of WMO
- To facilitate world-wide cooperation in the
establishment of networks of stations for the
making of meteorological observations as well
as hydrological and other geophysical
observations related to meteorology, and to
promote the establishment and maintenance of
centres charged with provision of meteorological
and related services - To promote the establishment and maintenance of
systems for the rapid exchange of meteorological
and related information - To promote standardization of meteorological and
related observations and to ensure the uniform
publication of observations and statistics - To further the application of meteorology to
aviation, shipping, water problems, agriculture
and other human activities - To promote activities in operational hydrology
and to further close cooperation between
Meteorological and Hydrological Services - To encourage research and training in
meteorology and, as appropriate, in related
fields, and to assist in coordinating
international aspects of such research and
training.
5Purposes of WMO
- To promote and foster meteorology, hydrology, and
related geophysical sciences and to facilitate
world-wide cooperation for the benefit of
humankind - Networks for meteorological / hydrological and
other geophysical observations - Standardization of observations and
publications - Development of operational hydrology
- Systems for processing and rapid exchange of
data - Applications for socio-economic development
(transportation, water, agriculture, oceans,
pollution control, etc), environment protection,
and policy formation - Disaster prevention and mitigation
- Research and training.
6Organizational Structure
- Congress, supreme body, determines the future
policy (meets every 4 years) - Executive Council, 36 Directors of Meteorological
or Hydrometeorological Services. They act in
their individual capacities (meets annually) - Regional Associations (6) - Address regional
concerns - Technical Commissions (8) - Technical experts
make recommendations on scientific or technical
issues within the purposes of WMO - Secretariat with Regional (3) and subregional (4)
Offices
7WMO Regions
8TECHNICAL COMMISSIONS
- Basic Commissions
- Commission for Basic System (CBS)
- Commission for Instruments and Methods of
Observation (CIMO) - Commission for Hydrology (CHy)
- Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS)
- Applications Commissions
- Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM)
- Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM)
- Joint Commission for Oceanography and Marine
Meteorology (JCOMM) - Commission for Climatology (CCl)
9WMO Programme Structure
WorldClimate Programme
AtmosphericResearchandEnvironmentProgramme
ApplicationsofMeteorologyProgramme
HydrologyandWaterResourcesProgramme
WMO Space Programme
Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Programme
World Weather Watch Programme
Education and Training Programme
Technical Cooperation Programme
Regional Programme
10Outline
- WMO Structure
- Status of the WWWs space-based sub-system GOS
- WMO Space Programme
- WMO Space Programme Implementation
- Towards an integrated WMO global observing system
?
11- On April 1, 1960 the first U.S.
- weather satellite was
- launched from
- Cape Canaveral, FL
-
Satellites were the genesis
On April 1, 1960 the first U.S. weather satellite
was launched from Cape Canaveral, FL
- SATELLITES AND THE WWW
- UN Resolution No. 1721 for international
co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space
approved 20 December 1961 - Advent of satellites offered substantial
opportunities for improvements in meteorological
services - Called on WMO to lead a study and report on
recommendations of the UN Resolution - Report delivered in June 1962
- First report on the advancement of atmospheric
sciences and their application in the light of
developments in outer space - Birth of World Weather Watch
12WWWs space-based component of the GOS (2000)
13WMO space-based sub-system of the WWWs Global
Observing System (2004)
Unparalleled international cooperation has been
achieved in satellite activities
14Status of the WWWs space-based component GOS
- Standing members
- operational satellite operators
- Newest members
- NASA Aqua, Terra, NPP, TRMM, QuickScat
- JAXA ADEOS-II, GCOM series
- ESA ERS 1 and 2, ENVISAT
- FSA METEOR 3M N1 (RD inst), OKEAN series
- CNES Jason-1, SPOT-5
- IMD INSAT series
- Republic of Korea COMSAT-1
- Possible future members
- JAXA GOSAT
15Outline
- WMO Structure
- Status of the WWWs space-based sub-system GOS
- WMO Space Programme
- WMO Space Programme Implementation
- Towards an integrated WMO global observing system
?
16WMO Space Programme
- Fourteenth WMO Congress (May 2003)
- Recognized critical and fast growing importance
of data, products and services provided by WWWs
expanding space-based component of the GOS to WMO
Programmes and supported Programmes - Decided to initiate a new major WMO Space
Programme as a cross-cutting programme to
increase the effectiveness and contributions from
satellite systems - CBS lead Technical Commission
17International coordination
- CGMS (Coordination Group for Meteorological
Satellites) - CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites)
- IGOS (Integrated Global Observing Strategy)
Partnership - COPUOS (UNISPACE III)
- GEO and its GEOSS (WWWs space-based GOS, a major
GEOSS component)
18Outline
- WMO Structure
- Status of the WWWs space-based sub-system GOS
- WMO Space Programme
- WMO Space Programme Implementation
- Towards an integrated WMO global observing system
?
19WMO Space Programme Implementation
- Coordination with space agencies within CGMS and
CEOS - Organization for new WMO Expert Team on
Satellite Systems - Development WMO portions 10-Year Implementation
Plan for GEOSS - Interaction with the WMO Expert Team on
Evolution of the GOS - Preparation for symposia to identify RD
satellite data and products for transition to
operational satellites - Continuation Expansion of Virtual Laboratory
for Education and Training in Satellite
Meteorology
20Evolution of GOS
- Implementation Plan for Evolution of the GOS
contains 47 recommendations - 20 address the space-based sub-system of the GOS
(requires WMO Space Programme to interact with
space agencies) - WMO Space Programme reviewing GEOSS draft
Implementation Plan
21IGeoLab
concept of an International Geostationary
Laboratory (IGeoLab) supported by CGMS in May
04 goal is international partnering on
instrument, S/C, launch, and test /evaluation of
possible future Geo orbit capabilities two
test proposals have been drafted to demonstrate
the benefits and viability of the concept (1)
demonstration of the GIFTS instrument at
several geographical locations (2) development
and exploitation of a sub-mm sounding
instrument in geo orbit IGeoLab Task Team
will review proposals (Dec 04) and make
recommendation for consideration at the next
Consultative Meeting on High Level Policy on
Satellite Matters (Jan 05).
22GIFTS Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform
Spectrometer
Soundings and winds with vertical resolution
4-d Digital Camera
Horizontal Large area format Focal Plane
detector Arrays
Vertical Fourier Transform
Spectrometer
Time Geostationary Satellite
23G O M A S Geostationary Observatory for Microwave
Atmospheric Sounding
precipitation measurements and all weather
sounding
24Increased real time access to satellite data
- EUMETSAT ATOVS Retransmission Service (EARS) has
increased ATOVS real time access in Northern
Hemisphere - Access to near real time ATOVS data important
for WMO activities such as implementation
planning for the redesign (evolution) of the GOS
and THORPEX - EARS extremely effective example of ADM
- Need to extend coverage into Southern Hemisphere
- WMO Space Programme to act as catalyst to form
local consortia (regional ATOVS Retransmission
Services) similar to EARS - WMO SG written to CGMS and WMO Members
- IGDDS to link regional ADMs into a global data
dissemination service
25New CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellites
- To provide institutional WMO constituent body
support with appropriate satellite expertise - CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellite
Utilization and Products focused on utilization - New CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellite
Systems will - Provide the necessary satellite expertise to
ensure an integrated WMO global observing system - Be Comprised solely of representatives from
space agencies contributing to the space-based
component of the GOS - ET-SAT will detail capabilities of space-based
sub-system of GOS (needed for evaluating how well
user requirements in various application areas
are being met)
26 Observational Data Requirements
versus Capabilities of the Global Observing
System
database of user requirements and observing
system capabilities are updated periodically
user requirements are charted against
observing system capabilities to find gaps in
GOS
System Capability
Performance Requirement
Applications Area
27Virtual Laboratory for Training in Satellite
Meteorology
- WMO and operators of operational meteorological
satellites have formed the Virtual Laboratory for
Training in Satellite Meteorology - Virtual Laboratory - collaborative effort joining
the major satellite operators across the globe
with WMO Centres of Excellence in satellite
meteorology - Centres of Excellence serve as the
satellite-focused training resource for WMO
Members - - Five WMO Regional Meteorological Training
Centres and the Australian Bureau of
Meteorology Training Centre - - Four satellite operators are NOAA/NESDIS,
EUMETSAT, Chinas NSMC, and JMA - - Potential for seventh in Oman
28Collaboration is the key to success
San Jose Costa Rica
Narobi Kenya
EUMETSAT
NESDIS
Niamey Niger
Bridgetown Barbados
Virtual Laboratory December, 2000
JMA
NSMC
Nanjing China
Melbourne Australia
29Regional Training Seminar on the Use of
Environmental Satellite Data in Meteorological
Applications, RMTC, Nanjing, China, December 2000
- People's Republic of China (NSMC) cosponsoring
RMTC in Nanjing - First training event held in Nanjing as a
specialized Centre of Excellence - Train the trainers
- First event held within the concept of the
Virtual Laboratory for Education and Training
in Satellite Meteorology - Another first - seven observers recorded
their first in seeing snow
30Regional Training Seminar on the Use of
Environmental Satellite Data in Meteorological
Applications, RMTC, Nanjing, China, December 2000
- Most lectures made either through Microsoft
Powerpoint presentations or stand alone versions
of the Regional Mesoscale Satellite Image and
Display System (RAMSDIS) - First RAMSDIS lessons proved the concept of
linking together centres of expertise by
accessing near real-time data from the USA
31Asia Pacific Satellite Applications Training
Seminar 2002, BMTC, Melbourne, Australia, May 2002
- First training event held since the formation
of the Virtual Laboratory (VL) Focus Group (May
2001) at a meeting hosted by EUMETSAT in
Darmstadt, Germany - VL Focus Group provides
- - high quality and up-to-date training
resources on current and future meteorological
and other environmental satellite systems, data,
products and applications and - - enables the Centres of Excellence to
facilitate and foster research and the
development of socio-economic applications at the
local level by the NMHS through the provision
of effective training and links to relevant
science groups
32Asia Pacific Satellite Applications Training
Seminar 2002, BMTC, Melbourne, Australia, May 2002
- Important to APSATS 2002 - WMO EC decision to
expand the space-based component of the GOS to
include appropriate RD satellite missions - NASA and ESA both have made firm commitments for
the participation of their satellite missions,
i.e. Aqua, Terra, NPP, GPM, ENVISAT, etc. - ESA provided materials relevant to ENVISAT
- NASA provided a guest lecturer, Dr. William
Ridgeway, to demonstrate the capabilities of
MODIS -
33Asia Pacific Satellite Applications Training
Seminar 2002, BMTC, Melbourne, Australia, May 2002
- Dr Ray Zehr (NOAA/NESDS/CIRA) provided two 90
minute lectures using VISITView from the USA (and
in the process claimed the record for the most
students in a single VISITView training session) - Dr Roger Weldon (NOAA/NESDIS) used VISITView to
answer questions from the USA about his material
which was delivered to the workshop by Dr Ian
Bell (BMTC). - VISITView was also used for a live global image
discussion between staff at CIRA, COMET,
University of Wisconsin and the APSATS 2002
course using imagery from all of the
geostationary meteorological satellites
34THE ROLE OF SATELLITES IN WMO PROGRAMMES IN THE
2010s
- 2003, WMO Space Programme Technical Document -1
- WMO/TD No. 1177
- By
- Dr Ghassem Asrar (NASA), Dr Tillmann Mohr
(EUMETSAT) and Mr Greg Withee (NOAA)
35Background
- 1977 - last authoritative WMO TD describing role
of satellite in WMO Programmes - Authored by D.S. Johnson (NOAA) and I.P. Vetlov
(USSR) - Mid 1990s - implementation recommendations for
space-based component GOS completed - 2001- EC agrees to expand GOS to include
appropriate RD missions - First sesssion CM agreed to update 1977 TD
- Dr Asrar, Dr Mohr and Mr Withee agreed to
co-author - Available on CD ROM, hard copy and WMO Space
Programme web page
36Contents
- History and development of the space-based
component of the Global Observing System - Current capabilities and WMO observational
requirements
- Challenges for the observing systems
- Near-term configuration of the space-based
component of the Global Observing System (GOS)
37Outline
- WMO Structure
- Status of the WWWs space-based sub-system GOS
- WMO Space Programme
- WMO Space Programme Implementation
- Towards an integrated WMO global observing system
?
38Towards an integrated WMO GOS
- CM-4 recommendation for EC-XLVI (June 2004)
consideration - Space-based sub-system of an integrated WMO
global observing system - operational meteorological polar orbiting
satellites - operational meteorological geostationary
satellites - environmental Research and Development satellite
constellations - Three Earth-system domains and two cross-cutting
sets of requirements for atmosphere, ocean, land,
climate and natural disaster reduction -
39Towards an integrated WMO GOS (continued)
- Three Earth-system domains
- Atmosphere meeting the needs of
- operational WWW, aviation meteorology (CAeM) and
agricultural meteorology (CAgM) - weather research WWRP (CAS)
- atmospheric chemistry, GAW CAS
- Ocean meeting the needs of
- Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)
- JCOMM
40Towards an integrated WMO GOS (continued)
- Three Earth-system domains (continued)
- Land surface and fresh water meeting the needs of
- World Hydrological Cycle Observing System
(WHyCOS) - Hydrology and Water Resource Programme (HWR) as
articulated through CHy - WMO-co-sponsored Global terrestrial Observing
System (GTOS) - CAgM
41Towards an integrated WMO GOS (continued)
- Two cross-cutting sets of requirements
- Climate, incremental to, and integrating across,
the domain-based observing systems meeting the
needs of - climate research, (WCRP)
- climate policy, articulated through SBSTA, COP,
based on information from IPCC etc. - climate monitoring and services, articulated
through CCl, CAgM, CHy -
- Natural disaster reduction, incremental to, and
integrating across, the domain-based observing
systems to support WMO Natural Disaster
Prevention and Mitigation Programme
42Exciting times for WMO Members
- Space-based component of the GOS continues to
expand - Provides valuable satellite data, products and
services more so than ever before in the history
of the World Weather Watch - WMO established a new WMO Space Programme
- Efforts towards an integrated WMO global
observing system - WMO Space Programme Implementation Activities
- New CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellite
Systems - The Role of Satellites in WMO Programmes in the
2010s
43Thank you