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THE EXPANDED SPACEBASED COMPONENT OF THE WORLD WEATHER WATCHS GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM

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Title: THE EXPANDED SPACEBASED COMPONENT OF THE WORLD WEATHER WATCHS GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM


1
The WMO Space Programme
Dr Donald E. Hinsman Head WMO Space
Programme World Meteorological Organization
2
Outline
  • WMO Structure
  • Status of the WWWs space-based sub-system GOS
  • WMO Space Programme
  • WMO Space Programme Implementation
  • Towards an integrated WMO global observing system

?
3
WMO and UN - Historical Background
  • Aug 1853 First International Meteorological
    Congress
  • Sept 1873 IMO created as a non-governmental body
  • Jun 1945 Creation of the United Nations
  • Feb 1946 Extraordinary Conference of Directors of
    NMSs
  • Sept 1947 Conference of Directors adopt WMO
    Convention
  • Mar 1950 Entry into force of WMO Convention
  • Dec 1951 Specialized Agency of UN
  • Membership ( September 2004) 187 States and
    Territories

4
Purposes of WMO
  • To facilitate world-wide cooperation in the
    establishment of networks of stations for the
    making of meteorological observations as well
    as hydrological and other geophysical
    observations related to meteorology, and to
    promote the establishment and maintenance of
    centres charged with provision of meteorological
    and related services
  • To promote the establishment and maintenance of
    systems for the rapid exchange of meteorological
    and related information
  • To promote standardization of meteorological and
    related observations and to ensure the uniform
    publication of observations and statistics
  • To further the application of meteorology to
    aviation, shipping, water problems, agriculture
    and other human activities
  • To promote activities in operational hydrology
    and to further close cooperation between
    Meteorological and Hydrological Services
  • To encourage research and training in
    meteorology and, as appropriate, in related
    fields, and to assist in coordinating
    international aspects of such research and
    training.

5
Purposes of WMO
  • To promote and foster meteorology, hydrology, and
    related geophysical sciences and to facilitate
    world-wide cooperation for the benefit of
    humankind
  • Networks for meteorological / hydrological and
    other geophysical observations
  • Standardization of observations and
    publications
  • Development of operational hydrology
  • Systems for processing and rapid exchange of
    data
  • Applications for socio-economic development
    (transportation, water, agriculture, oceans,
    pollution control, etc), environment protection,
    and policy formation
  • Disaster prevention and mitigation
  • Research and training.

6
Organizational Structure
  • Congress, supreme body, determines the future
    policy (meets every 4 years)
  • Executive Council, 36 Directors of Meteorological
    or Hydrometeorological Services. They act in
    their individual capacities (meets annually)
  • Regional Associations (6) - Address regional
    concerns
  • Technical Commissions (8) - Technical experts
    make recommendations on scientific or technical
    issues within the purposes of WMO
  • Secretariat with Regional (3) and subregional (4)
    Offices

7
WMO Regions
8
TECHNICAL COMMISSIONS
  • Basic Commissions
  • Commission for Basic System (CBS)
  • Commission for Instruments and Methods of
    Observation (CIMO)
  • Commission for Hydrology (CHy)
  • Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS)
  • Applications Commissions
  • Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM)
  • Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM)
  • Joint Commission for Oceanography and Marine
    Meteorology (JCOMM)
  • Commission for Climatology (CCl)

9
WMO Programme Structure
WorldClimate Programme
AtmosphericResearchandEnvironmentProgramme
ApplicationsofMeteorologyProgramme
HydrologyandWaterResourcesProgramme
WMO Space Programme
Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Programme
World Weather Watch Programme
Education and Training Programme
Technical Cooperation Programme
Regional Programme
10
Outline
  • WMO Structure
  • Status of the WWWs space-based sub-system GOS
  • WMO Space Programme
  • WMO Space Programme Implementation
  • Towards an integrated WMO global observing system

?
11
  • On April 1, 1960 the first U.S.
  • weather satellite was
  • launched from
  • Cape Canaveral, FL

Satellites were the genesis
On April 1, 1960 the first U.S. weather satellite
was launched from Cape Canaveral, FL
  • SATELLITES AND THE WWW
  • UN Resolution No. 1721 for international
    co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space
    approved 20 December 1961
  • Advent of satellites offered substantial
    opportunities for improvements in meteorological
    services
  • Called on WMO to lead a study and report on
    recommendations of the UN Resolution
  • Report delivered in June 1962
  • First report on the advancement of atmospheric
    sciences and their application in the light of
    developments in outer space
  • Birth of World Weather Watch

12
WWWs space-based component of the GOS (2000)
13
WMO space-based sub-system of the WWWs Global
Observing System (2004)
Unparalleled international cooperation has been
achieved in satellite activities
14
Status of the WWWs space-based component GOS
  • Standing members
  • operational satellite operators
  • Newest members
  • NASA Aqua, Terra, NPP, TRMM, QuickScat
  • JAXA ADEOS-II, GCOM series
  • ESA ERS 1 and 2, ENVISAT
  • FSA METEOR 3M N1 (RD inst), OKEAN series
  • CNES Jason-1, SPOT-5
  • IMD INSAT series
  • Republic of Korea COMSAT-1
  • Possible future members
  • JAXA GOSAT

15
Outline
  • WMO Structure
  • Status of the WWWs space-based sub-system GOS
  • WMO Space Programme
  • WMO Space Programme Implementation
  • Towards an integrated WMO global observing system

?
16
WMO Space Programme
  • Fourteenth WMO Congress (May 2003)
  • Recognized critical and fast growing importance
    of data, products and services provided by WWWs
    expanding space-based component of the GOS to WMO
    Programmes and supported Programmes
  • Decided to initiate a new major WMO Space
    Programme as a cross-cutting programme to
    increase the effectiveness and contributions from
    satellite systems
  • CBS lead Technical Commission

17
International coordination
  • CGMS (Coordination Group for Meteorological
    Satellites)
  • CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites)
  • IGOS (Integrated Global Observing Strategy)
    Partnership
  • COPUOS (UNISPACE III)
  • GEO and its GEOSS (WWWs space-based GOS, a major
    GEOSS component)

18
Outline
  • WMO Structure
  • Status of the WWWs space-based sub-system GOS
  • WMO Space Programme
  • WMO Space Programme Implementation
  • Towards an integrated WMO global observing system

?
19
WMO Space Programme Implementation
  • Coordination with space agencies within CGMS and
    CEOS
  • Organization for new WMO Expert Team on
    Satellite Systems
  • Development WMO portions 10-Year Implementation
    Plan for GEOSS
  • Interaction with the WMO Expert Team on
    Evolution of the GOS
  • Preparation for symposia to identify RD
    satellite data and products for transition to
    operational satellites
  • Continuation Expansion of Virtual Laboratory
    for Education and Training in Satellite
    Meteorology

20
Evolution of GOS
  • Implementation Plan for Evolution of the GOS
    contains 47 recommendations
  • 20 address the space-based sub-system of the GOS
    (requires WMO Space Programme to interact with
    space agencies)
  • WMO Space Programme reviewing GEOSS draft
    Implementation Plan

21
IGeoLab
concept of an International Geostationary
Laboratory (IGeoLab) supported by CGMS in May
04 goal is international partnering on
instrument, S/C, launch, and test /evaluation of
possible future Geo orbit capabilities two
test proposals have been drafted to demonstrate
the benefits and viability of the concept (1)
demonstration of the GIFTS instrument at
several geographical locations (2) development
and exploitation of a sub-mm sounding
instrument in geo orbit IGeoLab Task Team
will review proposals (Dec 04) and make
recommendation for consideration at the next
Consultative Meeting on High Level Policy on
Satellite Matters (Jan 05).
22
GIFTS Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform
Spectrometer
Soundings and winds with vertical resolution
4-d Digital Camera
Horizontal Large area format Focal Plane
detector Arrays
Vertical Fourier Transform
Spectrometer

Time Geostationary Satellite
23
G O M A S Geostationary Observatory for Microwave
Atmospheric Sounding
precipitation measurements and all weather
sounding
24
Increased real time access to satellite data
  • EUMETSAT ATOVS Retransmission Service (EARS) has
    increased ATOVS real time access in Northern
    Hemisphere
  • Access to near real time ATOVS data important
    for WMO activities such as implementation
    planning for the redesign (evolution) of the GOS
    and THORPEX
  • EARS extremely effective example of ADM
  • Need to extend coverage into Southern Hemisphere
  • WMO Space Programme to act as catalyst to form
    local consortia (regional ATOVS Retransmission
    Services) similar to EARS
  • WMO SG written to CGMS and WMO Members
  • IGDDS to link regional ADMs into a global data
    dissemination service

25
New CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellites
  • To provide institutional WMO constituent body
    support with appropriate satellite expertise
  • CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellite
    Utilization and Products focused on utilization
  • New CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellite
    Systems will
  • Provide the necessary satellite expertise to
    ensure an integrated WMO global observing system
  • Be Comprised solely of representatives from
    space agencies contributing to the space-based
    component of the GOS
  • ET-SAT will detail capabilities of space-based
    sub-system of GOS (needed for evaluating how well
    user requirements in various application areas
    are being met)

26
 
Observational Data Requirements
versus Capabilities of the Global Observing
System

database of user requirements and observing
system capabilities are updated periodically
user requirements are charted against
observing system capabilities to find gaps in
GOS
System Capability
Performance Requirement
Applications Area
27
Virtual Laboratory for Training in Satellite
Meteorology
  • WMO and operators of operational meteorological
    satellites have formed the Virtual Laboratory for
    Training in Satellite Meteorology
  • Virtual Laboratory - collaborative effort joining
    the major satellite operators across the globe
    with WMO Centres of Excellence in satellite
    meteorology
  • Centres of Excellence serve as the
    satellite-focused training resource for WMO
    Members
  • - Five WMO Regional Meteorological Training
    Centres and the Australian Bureau of
    Meteorology Training Centre
  • - Four satellite operators are NOAA/NESDIS,
    EUMETSAT, Chinas NSMC, and JMA
  • - Potential for seventh in Oman

28
Collaboration is the key to success
San Jose Costa Rica
Narobi Kenya
EUMETSAT
NESDIS
Niamey Niger
Bridgetown Barbados
Virtual Laboratory December, 2000
JMA
NSMC
Nanjing China
Melbourne Australia
29
Regional Training Seminar on the Use of
Environmental Satellite Data in Meteorological
Applications, RMTC, Nanjing, China, December 2000
  • People's Republic of China (NSMC) cosponsoring
    RMTC in Nanjing
  • First training event held in Nanjing as a
    specialized Centre of Excellence
  • Train the trainers
  • First event held within the concept of the
    Virtual Laboratory for Education and Training
    in Satellite Meteorology
  • Another first - seven observers recorded
    their first in seeing snow

30
Regional Training Seminar on the Use of
Environmental Satellite Data in Meteorological
Applications, RMTC, Nanjing, China, December 2000
  • Most lectures made either through Microsoft
    Powerpoint presentations or stand alone versions
    of the Regional Mesoscale Satellite Image and
    Display System (RAMSDIS)
  • First RAMSDIS lessons proved the concept of
    linking together centres of expertise by
    accessing near real-time data from the USA

31
Asia Pacific Satellite Applications Training
Seminar 2002, BMTC, Melbourne, Australia, May 2002
  • First training event held since the formation
    of the Virtual Laboratory (VL) Focus Group (May
    2001) at a meeting hosted by EUMETSAT in
    Darmstadt, Germany
  • VL Focus Group provides
  • - high quality and up-to-date training
    resources on current and future meteorological
    and other environmental satellite systems, data,
    products and applications and
  • - enables the Centres of Excellence to
    facilitate and foster research and the
    development of socio-economic applications at the
    local level by the NMHS through the provision
    of effective training and links to relevant
    science groups

32
Asia Pacific Satellite Applications Training
Seminar 2002, BMTC, Melbourne, Australia, May 2002
  • Important to APSATS 2002 - WMO EC decision to
    expand the space-based component of the GOS to
    include appropriate RD satellite missions
  • NASA and ESA both have made firm commitments for
    the participation of their satellite missions,
    i.e. Aqua, Terra, NPP, GPM, ENVISAT, etc.
  • ESA provided materials relevant to ENVISAT
  • NASA provided a guest lecturer, Dr. William
    Ridgeway, to demonstrate the capabilities of
    MODIS

33
Asia Pacific Satellite Applications Training
Seminar 2002, BMTC, Melbourne, Australia, May 2002
  • Dr Ray Zehr (NOAA/NESDS/CIRA) provided two 90
    minute lectures using VISITView from the USA (and
    in the process claimed the record for the most
    students in a single VISITView training session)
  • Dr Roger Weldon (NOAA/NESDIS) used VISITView to
    answer questions from the USA about his material
    which was delivered to the workshop by Dr Ian
    Bell (BMTC).
  • VISITView was also used for a live global image
    discussion between staff at CIRA, COMET,
    University of Wisconsin and the APSATS 2002
    course using imagery from all of the
    geostationary meteorological satellites

34
THE ROLE OF SATELLITES IN WMO PROGRAMMES IN THE
2010s
  • 2003, WMO Space Programme Technical Document -1 
  • WMO/TD No. 1177
  • By
  • Dr Ghassem Asrar (NASA), Dr Tillmann Mohr
    (EUMETSAT) and Mr Greg Withee (NOAA)

35
Background
  • 1977 - last authoritative WMO TD describing role
    of satellite in WMO Programmes
  • Authored by D.S. Johnson (NOAA) and I.P. Vetlov
    (USSR)
  • Mid 1990s - implementation recommendations for
    space-based component GOS completed
  • 2001- EC agrees to expand GOS to include
    appropriate RD missions
  • First sesssion CM agreed to update 1977 TD
  • Dr Asrar, Dr Mohr and Mr Withee agreed to
    co-author
  • Available on CD ROM, hard copy and WMO Space
    Programme web page

36
Contents
  • History and development of the space-based
    component of the Global Observing System
  • Current capabilities and WMO observational
    requirements
  • Challenges for the observing systems
  • Near-term configuration of the space-based
    component of the Global Observing System (GOS)

37
Outline
  • WMO Structure
  • Status of the WWWs space-based sub-system GOS
  • WMO Space Programme
  • WMO Space Programme Implementation
  • Towards an integrated WMO global observing system

?
38
Towards an integrated WMO GOS
  • CM-4 recommendation for EC-XLVI (June 2004)
    consideration
  • Space-based sub-system of an integrated WMO
    global observing system
  • operational meteorological polar orbiting
    satellites
  • operational meteorological geostationary
    satellites
  • environmental Research and Development satellite
    constellations
  • Three Earth-system domains and two cross-cutting
    sets of requirements for atmosphere, ocean, land,
    climate and natural disaster reduction 

39
Towards an integrated WMO GOS (continued)
  • Three Earth-system domains
  • Atmosphere meeting the needs of
  • operational WWW, aviation meteorology (CAeM) and
    agricultural meteorology (CAgM)
  • weather research WWRP (CAS)
  • atmospheric chemistry, GAW CAS
  • Ocean meeting the needs of
  • Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)
  • JCOMM

40
Towards an integrated WMO GOS (continued)
  • Three Earth-system domains (continued)
  • Land surface and fresh water meeting the needs of
  • World Hydrological Cycle Observing System
    (WHyCOS)
  • Hydrology and Water Resource Programme (HWR) as
    articulated through CHy
  • WMO-co-sponsored Global terrestrial Observing
    System (GTOS)
  • CAgM

41
Towards an integrated WMO GOS (continued)
  • Two cross-cutting sets of requirements
  • Climate, incremental to, and integrating across,
    the domain-based observing systems meeting the
    needs of
  • climate research, (WCRP)
  • climate policy, articulated through SBSTA, COP,
    based on information from IPCC etc.
  • climate monitoring and services, articulated
    through CCl, CAgM, CHy
  •  
  • Natural disaster reduction, incremental to, and
    integrating across, the domain-based observing
    systems to support WMO Natural Disaster
    Prevention and Mitigation Programme

42
Exciting times for WMO Members
  • Space-based component of the GOS continues to
    expand
  • Provides valuable satellite data, products and
    services more so than ever before in the history
    of the World Weather Watch
  • WMO established a new WMO Space Programme
  • Efforts towards an integrated WMO global
    observing system
  • WMO Space Programme Implementation Activities
  • New CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellite
    Systems
  • The Role of Satellites in WMO Programmes in the
    2010s

43
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