European Conference on Millennium Development Goals

1
European Conference on Millennium Development
Goals

• Inclusion of People With Disabilities

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INTRODUCTION

• The MDGs consist of 8 goals, and the overall goal
  is to halve absolute poverty, the proportion of
  people living on less than US1 per day, by 2015.
  
• Disabled Peoples Organisations (DPOs) and other
  organisations in the disability sector working
  with and for the persons with disabilities have
  involved themselves in efforts to inform and
  influence, within the context of achieving the
  millennium development goals, the formulation and
  implementation the PRSP strategies for poverty
  reduction, introduced in 1999 as an important
  element in the enhanced HIPC 2 initiative for
  debt reduction.

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BACKGROUND

• Generally, persons with disabilities remain at
  the periphery of development and poverty
  reduction strategies.
• No systematic mainstreaming of disability in
  programmes to achieve millennium development
  goals
• No capacity among DPOs and government departments
  to effectively plan and implement mainstreamed
  programmes.

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BACKGROUND

• Attempts made to address inclusion in poverty
  reduction, education and creation of a global
  partnership.
• However, progress is generally slow.

5
BACKGROUND

• No (user-led) research or evidence gathered to
  determine extent of inclusion or mainstreaming of
  disability in a number of the millennium
  development goals.

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We are able!
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SITUATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN AFRICA

• There is a large and growing number of persons
  with disabilities in Africa today.
• Major causes of disabling impairments
• War, violence and accidents 95,000 civilians
  have been disabled by landmines in Angola and
  Mozambique alone
• Malnutrition, including iodine and Vitamin A
  deficiency - the cause of disability for about 10
  million people

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SITUATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN AFRICA

• Infectious diseases such as polio, HIV Aids and
  TB
• Infectious diseases - arising from poverty, bad
  sanitation and harmful traditional practices
• Congenital conditions - often caused by poor
  birthing methods and malnutrition in the mother

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SITUATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN AFRICA

• There are over 50 million people with
  disabilities in Africa - most live in rural areas
  
• 50 of the disabled population are women
• Only 2 of disabled adults and children get any
  form of rehabilitation
• Only 2 of disabled children get any education at
  all
• 90 of children with intellectual impairments die
  before the age of 5
• In some countries, 90 of disabled children do
  not survive after they are 20
• 70 of disabled adults are unemployed and live in
  complete poverty or by begging

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Goa1 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

• Of the estimated over 600 million persons with
  disabilities worldwide, 70 per cent live in
  developing countries, and according to UN
  statistics, 82 per cent live below the poverty
  line1. The World Bank estimates that persons
  with disabilities comprise about 20 of the
  poorest of the poor2.
• 1 Hope, T. 2003, DISABILITIES Aid Groups
  Call for A UN Convention To Protect Rights,
  UNWire, 14 Feb.
• 2 Elwan, op. cit.

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Goa1 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

• The lives of 35 of the population in Africa are
  believed to be impacted by disability
• As many as 50 per cent of disabilities are
  preventable and directly linked to poverty1.
• 1 DFID, op. cit.

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Goa1 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger-responses

• Therefore, programmes that prevent poverty, and
  hunger among persons with disabilities and
  promote mainstreaming in PRSP programmes should
  be encouraged, supported and funded.
• The Secretariats Poverty Reduction Strategy
  Papers Programmes

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Goal 1-Examples of Disability NGO Initiatives

• NUDIPUs Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers
  process in Uganda
• Mainstreaming disability in five-year plan in
  Zambia
• Policy and Legislation Approaches (Namibia, South
  Africa, Uganda, and other countries)

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Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education

• United Nations studies show that only 1-2 of
  children with disabilities in developing
  countries receive an education1.
• United Nations Centre for Human Rights estimates
  that only 2 of persons with disabilities have
  access to rehabilitation and appropriate basic
  services2 (access to these services is
  essential to enable children with disabilities to
  attend school).
• 1 UNESCO 1998, From Special Needs Education to
  Education for All.
• 2 DFID, op. cit.

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Goal 2 Achieve universal primary
education-responses

• Urgent need to appropriate educational programmes
  and compulsory education of children with
  disabilities
• Piloting of inclusive education and revisiting
  special education in some countries
• Free education

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Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower women

• Women with disabilities are often doubly
  disadvantaged, through their status as women and
  as persons with disabilities, and hence represent
  one of the most marginalised groups in society.
• Girls with disabilities attend school less
  frequently than boys with disabilities1.
• Females with disabilities are twice to three
  times more likely to be victims of physical and
  sexual abuse than females with no
  disabilities2.
• 1 DFID, op. cit.
• 2 DFID, op. cit.

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Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower
women-responses

• Urgent need for programmes that address gender
  equality and the empowerment of women with
  disabilities.
• African network of women with disabilities
• Gender policies in progressive DPOs
• Policy and legislation to guarantee gender
  equality and empowerment of women

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Goal 4 Reduce child mortality

• Mortality of children with disabilities can be as
  high as 80 even in countries where overall
  under-five mortality is below 201.
• 1 in 10 children are born with, or acquire, a
  disability2.
• 1 DFID, op. cit.
• 2 UNICEF, Child protection, child disabilities
  Global Magnitude and basic facts. Available
  http//www.unicef.org/programme/cprotection/focus/
  disabilities/facts.htm Accessed 13 June 2003.

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Goal 4 Reduce child mortality

• For every child killed by armed conflict, three
  are injured or permanently disabled. Over 10
  million children are psychologically traumatised
  by armed conflict3.
• 3 UNICEF, op. cit.

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Goal 4 Reduce child mortality-responses

• Empower and mobilise parents
• Childrens programmes
• Ratification of the Childrens Rights Convention
• Developing policies and legislation

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Goal 5 Improve maternal health

• As many as 20 million women a year suffer
  disability long term complications as a result
  of pregnancy childbirth, hence approximately
  every minute 30 women are injured or disabled
  from childbirth1.
• A major cause of disability in children includes
  abnormal pre-natal or peri-natal events2. A
  large number of perinatal disabilities in
  children can be prevented or ameliorated by
  skilled birth attendants.
• 1 UN Population Fund (UNFPA), UNFPA Promotes
  Safe Motherhood. Available http//www.unfpa.org/r
  h/mothers/index.htm Accessed 28 April 2003.
• 2 UNICEF 1980, Childhood Disability Its
  Prevention and Rehabilitation, UNICEF Document
  E/ICEF/L/1410.

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Goal 5 Improve maternal health-responses

• Programmes to improve maternal and reproductive
  health
• Advocacy targeted at Departments of Health in the
  different countries

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Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases

• HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis are the 1st,
  6th and 9th leading causes of losses in
  disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in high
  mortality countries respectively1. DALYs are
  the number of healthy years of life lost due to
  premature death and disability.
• 1 WHO 2002a, World Health Report 2002
  Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life, Geneva.

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Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases

• About 1 in 10 children suffer from neurological
  impairment after cerebral malaria, including
  epilepsy, learning disabilities and loss of
  coordination1.
• 1 Wellcome Trust, Malaria and people.
  Available http//www.wellcome.ac.uk/en/malaria/M
  alariaAndPeople/mp_neurd1.html. Accessed 28 July
  2003.

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Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases

• 37.8 million people (range 34.642.3 million)
  worldwide are living with HIV. And still, AIDS
  expands relentlessly, destroying peoples lives
  and in many cases seriously damaging the fabric
  of societies (Asindua, 2006))

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Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases

• Subgroups within the disabled population are at
  especially increased risk compared with other
  individual PWDs.
• women
• disabled members of ethnic and minority
  communities
• disabled adolescents
• those living in institutions
• Intellectually disabled persons

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Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases

• Issues
• Poor access to HIV/AIDS information and services
• Social vulnerability
• Victim of sexual violence (rape among
  intellectually disabled boys and girls, virgin
  rape, etc)

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Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases

• Research / academic institutions have also
  contributed in the area of disability and
  HIV/AIDS the Global Survey on Disability and
  HIV/AIDS by the Yale University and the World
  bank
• Centre for International Child Health in
  University College London social research in
  Rwanda, Uganda and Swaziland.

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DISABILITY NGOS IN AFRICA

• Inadequate Capacity and resources.
• However, some initiatives around HIV/ AIDS, PRSPs
  and Education at different levels of development
  and implementation
• Working to reduce this vulnerability among
  members (Asindua, 2006).
• (SAFOD) has done outstanding work in 6 countries
  in the region

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DISABILITY NGOS IN AFRICA

• HIV/AIDS
• Central African region, in countries like
  Cameroon, DPOs are working on mainstreaming
  disability issues in the National HIV/AIDS
  coordinating body and also preparing a national
  survey to establish the HIV/AIDS prevalence among
  PWDs.

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DISABILITY NGOS IN AFRICA

• HIV/AIDS
• The Council on Community Based Rehabilitation
  Training (CCBRT) in Tanzania has published about
  the urgency to integrate HIV/AIDS issues into
  Community Based Rehabilitation action
• In Kenya there is a VCT centre for the deaf by
  Liverpool VCT to address issues of
  confidentiality, counseling and testing among the
  deaf community (Asindua, 2007)

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DISABILITY NGOS IN AFRICA

• HIV/AIDS
• Activities to improve access to HIV/AIDS
  information and care have also been implemented
  by various international organizations like SHIA,
  CBM,DSI, Save the Children, VSO and Handicap
  International in eastern and southern Africa.

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SECRETARIATS RESPONSE

• AFRICAN COALITION ON DISABILITY AND HIV/AIDS
• There is still an urgent need for action, for
  collaboration and support of innovative efforts
  for the inclusion of disabled populations in
  HIV/AIDS outreach and service efforts.

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Purpose of the coalition

• The purpose of the Coalition is to reduce the
  number of new HIV infections among the disabled
  population through
• Greater HIV/AIDS awareness among the most
  vulnerable disabled persons
• Greater global awareness of the particular
  vulnerability of certain members of the disabled
  population
• Providing guidance for mainstreaming Disability
  into HIV/AIDS prevention, testing and care
  programmes
• Strengthening DPOs to enable them to play a
  monitoring role

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Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability

• Poor environmental quality is directly
  responsible for about 25 of all preventable
  ill-health in the world, with diarrhoeal diseases
  as a leading cause1. For example, deforestation
  leaves areas more susceptible to flooding and
  land slides, increasing the possible transmission
  of water-borne diseases which can cause
  diarrhoea.
• 1 WHO 1997, Health and Environment in
  Sustainable Development Five Years after the
  Earth Summit, Geneva.

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Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability

• Urgent need to promote programmes that address
  environmental issues, and/or promote the active
  participation of persons with disabilities in
  environmental programmes as users, beneficiaries
  or entrepreneurs.

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Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for
development

• The strengthening of national DPOs and their
  alliances with relevant organisations in their
  own country, and in donor countries, should
  promote good governance with more accountable
  governments in relation to disabilities in
  developing countries.

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WHAT AU and GOVERNMENTS ARE DOING?

• Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers Campaigns that
  largely exclude persons with disabilities.
• Health Policies that do not take into account the
  needs of persons with disabilities.
• Generally below par performance on all millennium
  development goals.

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Global Campaigns Commission for Africa Report

• 1. Debt release as decided by G-8 chaired by
  UK- as a result of Commission for Africa Report
• -          comprehensive debt cancellation for
  Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) 40
  Billion US 25 Billion US for 18 African
  Countries
• -          funding for PRSP, which could include
  programmes for people with disability
• -          details of implementation however
  unclear, when and how

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Global Campaigns Commission for Africa Report

• 2. Increase of ODA as decided by G-8 as a result
  of Commission for Africa Report
•           EU 0,56 GNP by 2010 and 0, 7 by
  2015 for ODA
• -          significant increase in ODA, could
  provide additional funding for programmes for
  disability and Global Campaigns

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Global Campaigns Commission for Africa Report

• Key challenges
• A lot of potential for more development
• Uncertain, if commitment to 0,7 GNP for ODA is
  realized
• Scope of programmes for and level of involvement
  of people with disability in PRSP open
• The Quality of diagnosis of poverty situations
• Inconsistent budget allocations
• Lack of commitment by authorities
• Lack of accountability of the authorities

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Global Campaigns Commission for Africa Report

• Recommendations
• Jointly seize the present window of opportunity
  for inclusion of disability
• Lobby in Developed Countries for keeping
  commitment to 0,7 GNP
• Get involved with PRSP to include disability

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Global Campaigns Commission for Africa Report

• Objectives and measures
• -          coordinate efforts in the South
  (African Union/ African Decade) and in the North
  to impact present global developments for
  inclusion of disability - for example via the
  Global Partnership for Development and Disability
  (GPDD)
• -          engage jointly DPOs NGOs in
  awareness raising campaigns in developed
  countries - for example VISION 2020 - for
  achieving 0,7 GNP for ODA

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Global Campaigns Commission for Africa Report

• -          get involved with PRSP to include
  people with disability in the programme, both
  formulation as well as implementation see
  present pilot HI / CBM PRSP disability
  project in Tanzania
• -          international call for defining
  disability as one indicator for evaluation of
  PRSP - central issue for lobbying in North
  South

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Global Campaigns Commission for Africa Report

• -          inclusion of disability as a
  mainstreaming task in European Development
  Programmes as proposed in joint European NGO
  DPO proposal
• -          Governments in Developing Countries
  state requests for funding of programmes to
  include disability in development programmes via
  African Union /African Decade?

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Global Campaigns Commission for Africa Report

• -   Include disability in / relate disability to
  MDGs,
• - call for disability within the MDGs as an
  indicator for evaluation both in North South
• -   get jointly involved in Global Campaigns such
  as VISION 2020 (Sight Savers, CBM, WBU) to
  overcome avoidable blindness

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of a national DSC
The establishment
Summary

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