IC3 BASICS, Internet and Computing Core Certification

1
IC3 BASICS, Internet and Computing Core
Certification

• Computing Fundamentals
• Lesson 3
• How Do I Input Data and Output and Store
  Information?

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Objectives

• Identify and describe the most common input
  devices.
• Identify and describe the most common output
  devices.
• Identify and describe how input and output
  devices are connected to the computer.
• Identify and describe storage devices.

3
Input and Output Devices

• Input devices enable a user to input data and
  commands to the computer to be processed.
• Output devices enable the computer to give or
  show you the results of its processing.
• Some devices can perform both input and output
  operations.
• This lesson covers the most common types of input
  and output devices.

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Input Devices The Keyboard

• The keyboard is the most common input device.
• As you press keys on the keyboard, an electrical
  signal representing that key is sent to the
  computer.
• Keyboards are divided into sections
• Typewriter keys The standard alphabetic and
  numeric characters you would find on a
  typewriter.
• Function keys Special keys that perform some
  specific function for the application being run.
• Numeric keypad Used for mathematical operations.
• Directional keys Used to move the cursor around
  the screen.

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Example of a Standard Keyboard
This figure shows a fairly typical computer
keyboard. Note the different sections as
discussed on the previous slide.
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Input Devices The Mouse

• The mouse is a pointing device that rolls around
  on a flat surface and controls the location of
  the pointer on the screen.
• The mouse performs the following functions
• Pointing Place the on-screen pointer at a
  specific place.
• Clicking Press and release the mouse button.
• Dragging Holding down the mouse button and
  dragging an object to a new location by dragging
  the mouse.
• Double-clicking Pressing and releasing the mouse
  button twice very quickly.
• Right-clicking Pressing the right mouse button.

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Other Pointing Devices

• In addition to the mouse, there are other devices
  that control the on-screen pointer, including a
• Joystick Joysticks consist of a metal or plastic
  handle that you can move in any direction to move
  the pointer or other object.
• These are typically used for video games.
• They frequently have buttons that can be pushed
  or clicked to control input/output.
• Trackball This is like a mouse turned upside
  down. You roll a ball around with your fingers to
  control the location of the pointer.
• These are frequently found on notebook computers.

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Examples of Pointing Devices
These figures are examples of the pointing
devices just discussed. Mouse Joystick Trackb
all
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Other Input Devices (Part I)

• A graphic tablet is a flat drawing surface
  connected to the computer.
• The user draws on the surface, and the figures or
  writing on the tablet can be input to the
  computer for processing.
• Touch display screens contain pictures or shapes
  that the user can press to input that
  information.
• Voice recognition devices allow a user to speak
  to a computer and have their words input to an
  application program.
• These usually require a microphone and special
  voice recognition software to be installed on the
  computer.

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Touch Screen and Voice Input
The figure on the left shows a touch display
screen. The user points to an icon or section of
the screen and that data is sent to the computer.
These are frequently used in restaurants, banks,
and other businesses. The lower right figure
shows someone using voice recognition technology.
This is particularly handy for people with
certain disabilities.
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Other Input Devices (Part II)

• Scanners are devices that can convert a graphical
  image into a digital image and input it to the
  computer.
• Types of scanners include
• Image scanners for scanning images and text.
• Bar code scanners to read product bar codes.
• Magnetic scanners to read the magnetic strip on a
  credit card.
• Video input from a camcorder or VCR can be input
  using video capture cards.
• Digital cameras take pictures and store them on a
  magnetic disk instead of on film.
• Their images can be input directly into the
  computer.

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Output Devices - Monitors

• Monitors are used to display video output to a
  user.
• Monitors may be monochromatic or color.
• Monochromatic monitors display output in a
  single-color display.
• Factors that influence the quality of a monitor
  are
• Screen size The diagonal measurement in inches
  of the display area.
• Resolution The number of pixels that can be
  displayed in the display area.
• Dot pitch The distance between each pixel in the
  display area.

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Typical Computer Monitor
This figure shows a typical computer monitor on a
swivel stand that can be adjusted for viewing
comfort. A few years ago, monitors with a
diagonal measurement of 13 were standard on
computer systems, but today 15, 17, 19, and
even larger screens are becoming the norm.
Notebook computers usually use a flat-panel
display built into the lid of the notebook case.
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Output Devices - Printers

• Printers are used to create a hard copy of a
  document or image.
• Printers vary by speed, quality, and price.
• The most popular types of printers are
• Laser Produce images using the same techniques
  as copier machines.
• Ink-Jet These use fine nozzles to spray ink onto
  the page as the paper passes through.
• Dot matrix These work similarly to a typewriter
  in that ink is transferred to the paper by some
  part of the printer striking a ribbon to transfer
  an image.

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Laser Printer Operation
This figure provides an overview of how a laser
printer works.
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Ink-Jet Operation
This figure shows how an ink-jet printer works.
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Dot Matrix Operation
This figure shows how a dot matrix printer works.
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Connecting I/O Devices to the Computer

• Input and output devices must be connected to the
  printer before they can be used.
• There are two ways to connect I/O devices to the
  computer
• Plug the device into an existing socket or port
  on the back of the computer.
• Install an expansion card with the port you need
  included on the back of the card.

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Serial, Parallel, and Special Ports

• Serial ports transmit data one bit at a time and
  are used to connect a mouse, modem, and keyboard.
• Parallel ports transmit data 8 bits at a time and
  are used for printers and external storage
  devices.
• There are also special ports
• SCSI This port can allow many devices to use a
  single port.
• MIDI Used to connect recording devices.
• PC card Can be connected to add memory or
  storage capacity.
• USB Can be used to replace serial and parallel
  ports and can handle up to 127 devices.

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Storage Devices - Magnetic

• There are many types of magnetic storage devices,
  including
• Floppy disks Small, portable disks that hold a
  limited amount of data.
• Hard disks Large-capacity and fast-access
  storage devices.
• Zip and Jazz drives Auxiliary storage devices
  that can hold large quantities of data and can be
  portable.
• Magnetic tape drives Used for making system
  backups and storing large quantities of data.

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Floppy Disk and Hard Drive Examples
The figure on the left shows a floppy diskette.
These are very portable, but are limited in how
much data they can store. The figure on the right
shows the typical construction of a hard drive,
which is a very fast method of storing and
accessing data.
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Optical Storage Devices

• There are several optical storage devices in use
  today, including
• CD-ROM Can hold large amounts of data, but is
  read-only access.
• CD-R This drive allows you to read and to write
  to a compact disk.
• WORM disks Used for permanently storing large
  amounts of data.
• Photo-CD Used for storing digital photographs on
  a CD.
• DVD This is the size of a CD, but can hold much
  more data, including full-size movies.

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Caring for Removable Storage Media

• To safeguard your data from damage, follow these
  tips when dealing with removable media
• Keep away from magnetic fields.
• Avoid extreme temperatures.
• Never try to disassemble the case.
• Remove media from drive when not being used.
• Write-protect important data.
• Hold optical disks at their edges.
• Never remove the media from the drive if the
  access light is on.
• Keep disks in a sturdy case when transporting
  them.

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Summary

• The most common input devices are the keyboard
  and mouse.
• The keyboard is divided into four sections
  alphabetical keys, function keys, cursor keys,
  and the numeric keypad.
• Additional special-purpose keys perform
  specialized functions.
• The mouse is a pointing device used to input
  data.
• Input devices enable you to input data and
  commands into the computer.

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Summary (continued)

• Other types of input devices include joysticks,
  trackballs, graphic tablets, touch display
  screens, voice recognition devices, scanners, and
  electronic pens.
• Printers are used to produce a paper or hard copy
  of the processed result.
• Criteria for selecting a printer include speed,
  print quality, and cost.
• Printers are classified as either impact or
  non-impact.

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Summary (continued)

• The most popular types of printers are laser,
  ink-jet, and dot matrix.
• Input and output devices must be physically
  connected to the computer.
• There are two ways to connect I/O devices to a
  computer Plug the device into a port in the back
  of the computer or install a circuit board with
  the needed port included.
• There are several types of ports USB, SCSI,
  MIDI, parallel, and serial.

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Summary (continued)

• To maintain a permanent copy of data, you must
  store it on some type of storage medium. These
  may include floppy diskettes, hard drives, CDs,
  magnetic tape cartridges, and WORM disks.