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The Federalist Presidents: Washington and Adams

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The distillation of whiskey a vital economic commodity on the frontier ... Degenerates into Reign of Terror. Emperor takes power Napoleon (1799) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Federalist Presidents: Washington and Adams


1
The Federalist Presidents Washington and Adams
2
Washington Sets the Tone
  • Washington designs the role of the President
  • Dignified, but not ostentatious
  • Travels in a coach
  • Mr. President
  • Formal receptions all invited
  • Forms cabinet based on talent
  • This establishes a precedent

3
Schools of Political Thought
  • Federalists
  • Need for a strong central government
  • Respected at home - put down rebellion within the
    borders
  • Gain international respect
  • Build economy through industry
  • Democratic Republicans
  • Government should be limited in power.
  • The government that governs best, governs least.
  • The more you educate people the better their
    decisions will become.
  • America should be a nation of yeoman farmers

4
Hamilton Economics
  • Funding and Assumption Plan.
  • Fund the national government
  • Federal government assumes all debts
  • Federal government uses funding proceeds to pay
    down debt
  • United States owed
  • 12 million to foreign creditors
  • 42 million to domestic creditors

5
Assumption of Debt Domestic IOUS
  • The Issue Speculators IOUs
  • Hamilton
  • Pay current bondholder
  • Must pay debt to gain respect financial
    responsibility
  • Jefferson
  • Pay original holders
  • They deserve it
  • Hamilton argued,
  • How would we find them?
  • Speculators took the risk

6
Assumption of Debt State Debt
  • Hamilton Government should assume all state debt
  • Jefferson Unfair to responsible states
  • Compromise
  • Southern Capitol for Jeffersons support

7
First National Bank
  • The First Bank of the United States, chartered
    1791.
  • Privately managed
  • Government owned the majority of the stock
  • Only bank with federal charter
  • Things it did
  • Depository for all revenue from land sales and
    taxes
  • It would pay government bills
  • Authorized to issue paper money
  • The banks decisions had an effect on interest
    rates.
  • Problem
  • It was a monopoly

8
Funding Plan National Bank
  • Jefferson
  • Felt it would not serve the little guy
  • Argued it is not constitutional
  • Hamilton
  • Federal revenue and debt servicing had to be done
  • Necessary and Proper clause
  • Washington agreed with Hamilton and signed the
    legislation

9
Funding Plan Tariffs
  • Hamilton favored high tariffs to protect American
    industry which was developing
  • Jefferson disagreed said it gave an unfair
    advantage to the upper class

10
Revenue Sources Under Hamilton
  • Selling Western land
  • Tariff duties 8-10 on mfg items imported into
    the United States
  • Excise taxes

11
Whiskey Rebellion
  • The distillation of whiskey a vital economic
    commodity on the frontier
  • Government places an excise tax on whiskey 1794
  • Western Pennsylvania farmers hold protests and
    demonstrations
  • Not represented well
  • What about rum?
  • Response
  • Harass tax collectors
  • Washington calls in the militias
  • Protestors back down
  • Organizers are sentenced to death, but
    Washington pardons them.
  • Significance
  • The new government proved that it would enforce
    its laws,

12
Issues with France
  • French Revolution breaks out in 1789
  • They desire democracy
  • Degenerates into Reign of Terror
  • Emperor takes power Napoleon (1799)
  • War in Europe springs from RevolutionEngland
    declares war on France and it lasts from 1792-1814

13
American Response
  • Some sympathize with British (Hamilton)
  • Some sympathize with French (Jefferson)
  • Neutrality Proclamation

14
Citizen Edmond Genet
  • French ambassador - 1793
  • Received well by the people
  • French democracy
  • He was a rock star
  • Blew off the Neutrality Proclamation
  • Began to license privateers
  • Handed out French military commissions
  • Washington received him and told him to knock it
    off
  • Genet ignores him
  • Washington called for him to be deported
  • Genet requested asylum

15
Neutrality of the Seas Violated
  • American Trade
  • Merchant shipping became dangerous
  • French warships would stop American merchants
  • English warships would stop American merchants
  • Seized merchant vessels
  • Impressment of sailors

16
Americas Response to England
  • Still steaming from Revolution
  • British troops in NW forts
  • British restrictions on trade with the US
  • Now this
  • Americans were calling for war
  • Washington recognized that war would be stupid
    and sent Chief Justice John Jay to work things out

17
Jays Treaty
  • British didnt give into US demands
  • Terms
  • Brits agree to
  • abandon western forts
  • compensate merchants for seized ships
  • Open up trade in British Asian colonies to
    America
  • America agrees to
  • Pay pre-revolution debts (despised in America)
  • Problems
  • No freedom of seas
  • Americans got little
  • Burning effigies

18
Results of Jays Treaty
  • American Indian Relations
  • Pinckney Treaty of 1795
  • Spanish open the Mississippi River to Americans
  • Treaty antagonizes the French

19
Washingtons Farewell
  • Washington steps down
  • Farewell Address
  • Avoid partisanship
  • Mend east and west sectionalism
  • Maintain neutrality

20
Adams Takes the Reins
  • XYZ Affair
  • Alien Sedition Acts

21
XYZ Affair 1797
  • French raid American merchant ships
  • Adams sent diplomats to France
  • They were not well received by the French
  • French agents (X, Y, Z) demand bribes
  • The Americans left insulted
  • Millions for defense, but not one cent for
    tribute
  • US builds navy
  • Led to Quasi-War (1798-1800)

22
Alien and Sedition Acts -1798
  • Demo-Rep disliked military buildup
  • Newspapers criticized Adams
  • French-Americans perceived as threats
  • Congress passed Alien and Sedition Acts as a
    result

23
Alien and Sedition Acts
  • Alien Enemies Act During war, the President can
    arrest and deport aliens subject to an enemy
    power
  • Sedition Act High misdemeanor for Americans to
    speak out against the govt.
  • 25 are indicted, 10 convicted - 2,000 max fine.

24
Treaty of Mortefontaine
  • Also called French Convention of 1800
  • Ends Quasi War
  • French/Americans dissolve their military and
    political alliance of 1778
  • French debt forgiven raids on merchants
  • Many people wanted full war with France
  • Adams knew war was a bad option
  • This cost him popularity points
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