Food Security Assessment in Bangladesh - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 19
About This Presentation
Title:

Food Security Assessment in Bangladesh

Description:

(B) Targeting maps School Feeding Programme. 16. WFP Bangladesh - Vulnerability ... Map based on proxy indicators obtained from Census of slum areas, 1997 (slum ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:1275
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 20
Provided by: WFP
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Food Security Assessment in Bangladesh


1
Food Security Assessment in Bangladesh
Issues and Implications for Mapping Food
Insecurity and Vulnerability
2
Programme
  1. Geographic targeting
  2. Data sources for food security analysis and
    mapping
  3. VAMs strategy for a new set of targeting maps
  4. Discussion

3
Geographic targeting
  • WFP resources to be concentrated in areas
    identified through VAM assessments of food
    insecurity and vulnerability.
  • Considerable variation in food consumption
    between districts. (E.g. range from 2470 k.Cal in
    Dinajpur to 1819 K.Cal. in Bagerhat)
  • Explained by regional difference in poverty
  • Poor areas are not just poor because poor
    households concentrate in these areas (WB)
  • Geographical indicators can provide indication
    where to find a concentration of higher levels of
    poverty. (land productivity, electricity,
    infrastructure, distance to major markets etc.)

4
  • One of the most widely used maps for targeting
    of development programmes
  • Four relative categories of food insecurity
    very high, high, moderate, low
  • Composite index of 7 proxy indicators
  • incidence of natural disasters
  • Food grain deficit/surplus
  • Agricultural wage rate
  • Households not owning land
  • Unemployed persons
  • Female-headed households
  • Literate women
  • Scope for improvement
  • Type of indicators used
  • Double counting
  • Availability of new data

5
  • Based on HES 1995/96 data
  • 7 indicators
  • Income and assets
  • per capita income
  • per capita income from own agricultural
    production
  • Land owned
  • Food intake
  • Daily calorie intake
  • Percentage of calories from cereal (Q)
  • Expenditure
  • Per capita expenditure
  • Share of expenditure on food
  • Limitations
  • Additional outcome indicators
  • rational for targeting or not targeting certain
    areas is not clear
  • level of targeting at cluster level

6
Related mapping efforts
  • World Banks Poverty targeting exercise (HES
    1995-96)
  • Bangladesh human development report
  • Unicefs child risk measure
  • IRRIs study into the geographical distribution
    of poverty and food security
  • NW - Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari,
    Panchagarh
  • North Jamalpur, Mymensingh, Sherpur, Tangail.
  • South of Dhaka Faridpur, Gopalganj, Madaripur,
    Rajbari, Shariatpur
  • Barisal Division
  • Jamalpur, Sherpur, Kusthia
  • Sunamganj, Bhola

7
(No Transcript)
8
Data sources for food security analysis and
mapping
  • Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2000
  • Poverty Monitoring Survey, May 1999
  • Child Nutrition Survey, 2000
  • Demographic and Health survey, 1999-2000
  • Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2000
  • Nutrition Surveillance Project, HKI/IPHN
  • Census of population, 2001
  • Census of slum areas and floating populations,
    1997
  • Census of Agricultural, 1996

9
VAMs strategy for a new set of targeting maps.
Considerations
  • Level of targeting
  • Incidence of chronic food insecurity, but
  • Nature of the development programme
  • Accessibility and cost-effectiveness
  • Presence of partner capabilities
  • Political and security considerations
  • Geographic targeting vs beneficiary targeting
    (access to land, gender, source of income)

10
(A) Targeting maps for VGD IFS
Approach 1 Mapping of food security indicators
  • 1st tier - Based on indicators of extreme
    poverty (food intake, income, expenditure, assets
    and nutrition)
  • 2nd tier Based on household (e.g. quality of
    housing, source of income, landownership,
    literacy, etc.) and area characteristics (e.g.
    rural electricity, land-use, infrastructure etc.)
  • Ranking of areas based on a combination of
    methods (scoring, indices, principle component)
  • Poverty/lack of sufficient purchasing power is
    main obstacle to achieving food security
  • 44 percent falls below the absolute poverty line
    (2,122 K.Cal/day)
  • 20 percent (25 million people) consume less then
    1,805 k.Cal/day

11
Rural Poverty by greater district
12
(No Transcript)
13
Approach 2 Small area estimation
Steps
Survey data Census data
Calorie intake Literacy
Literacy Landownership
Stunting/underweight Sanitation facilities
Landownership Employment
Sanitation facilities Household size
Housing material Housing material
Enrolment
Expenditure on food
  1. Regression model for each region (urban rural)
    using survey data
  2. Estimate small area indicators of food insecurity
    by substituting survey data for census data
  3. Ranking of areas based on level of food insecurity

14
Analysis of the differences between approach 1
and 2
  • Compare and validate different approaches and
    outcomes
  • Identify the underlying factors that were most
    significant in explaining the incidence of food
    insecurity
  • Overlay food insecurity maps with area resource
    maps (e.g. differences in operational costs and
    accessibility, partners presence and capacity)
    for additional insight into where to target WFPs
    development programmes.

15
(B) Targeting maps School Feeding Programme
  • Urban and rural targeting maps based on
  • Food Insecurity and Nutrition (food consumption,
    anthropometric data)
  • Primary education (no. schools, enrolment,
    attendance, teacher/pupil ratio, drop-out.
  • Local partners capabilities

16
Rural targeting
Source Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2000
17
Urban targeting
  • HIES 2000, poverty in urban areas increased with
    7.2 percent
  • Nutritional status of children living in urban
    slum areas is worse than in rural areas (stunting
    (54.1 52.9, Underweight (72.6 59.3), CNS
    1995/96
  • Literacy rate in urban slums (14.7) is more than
    half the national rate found in the 1991
    population census (32.4)
  • HKI. Wide differences in living conditions
    between slums within a city. Percentage of
    underweight mothers ranging from 10 percent in
    one slum to 45 percent in another in August 2000.
  • Map based on proxy indicators obtained from
    Census of slum areas, 1997 (slum characteristics,
    literacy, employment, housing, toilet facilities,
    source of drinking water, land ownership,
    electricity).
  • Mapping of partner presence and capabilities

18
(C) Vulnerability maps for emergency operations
  • Vulnerability map based on
  • Identification of the most physically affected
    thanas based on historical disaster data (DMB
    CAREOFDA/CRED)
  • Coping potential as indicated by level of poverty
  • Existing WFP and partner programmes in these
    areas
  • Scenario maps, estimate likely impact on
    household access to food.
  • OFDA/CRED International disaster database
    registered 170 events during the period 1975-2000
  • Vulnerability F(fs, exposure to shocks,
    ability to cope)

19
Thank you!
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com