CELL STRUCTURE

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CELL STRUCTURE FUNCTION
Dr. Michael C. Potter Department of Biology Paul
VI Catholic High School 2006
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HISTORY 1600S Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1665 Robe
rt Hooke 1838 Matthias Schleiden 1839 Theodor
Schwann 1855 Rudolph Virchow
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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Robert Hooke 1665
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Matthias Schleiden 1838
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Theodor Schwann 1839
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Rudolf Virchow 1855
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• CELL THEORY
• All living things are composed of cells
• Cells are the basic unit of structure
  function in living things
• New cells are produced from pre-existing cells

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• BASIC CELL STRUCTURE
• ALL CELLS HAVE
• Cell Membrane
• Cytosol

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• BASIC CELL STRUCTURE
• SOME CELLS HAVE
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm

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CELL CATEGORIES EUKARYOTIC CELLS (Eukaryotes)
PROKARYOTIC CELLS (Prokaryotes)
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EUKARYOTES Contain nucleus Have Cell
Membrane Cytoplasm Organelles Plant, Animal,
Fungi, Many Microorganisms
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PROKARYOTES Smaller, Simpler Cells Cell
Membranes NO Nuclei ALL Bacteria are
Prokaryotes E. coli S. Aureus
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CELL SIZE Average Cell 5-50µm Surface Area
4pr2 Volume 4/3pr3 Cell Surface is interface
between internal and external environment

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CELL STRUCTURES 1. CELL WALL Found in
Plants, Algae, Fungi and many
Prokaryotes Support Protection External
to Cell Membrane
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CELL STRUCTURES 1a. BACTERIAL CELL
WALL (peptidoglycan) CHARACTERISTICS Gram
Gram Encapsulated
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CELL STRUCTURES (contd) 1b. PLANT CELL
WALLS Primary Cellulose Green
Plants Secondary Lignin Woody Plants
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CELL STRUCTURES (contd) 2. NUCLEUS Robert
Brown (1831) Chromatin/Chromosome Nucleoplasm
Nucleolus Nuclear Envelope
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Browns Microscope Robert Brown
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CELL STRUCTURES (contd) 3. CYTOSKELETON a.
Microtubules- 25 nanometers Heterodimers of a
and ß tubulin MTOC ? tubulin
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CELL STRUCTURES (contd) 3. CYTOSKELETON
Microtubules Plus End () Away from MTOC
(Toward Nucleus) Minus End (-)
Toward the MTOC
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CELL STRUCTURES (contd) 3. Cytoskeleton
Microtubules Structural Role Movement of
Chromosomes Act as Tracks Structural
Component Of Cilia and Flagella
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INTRACELLULAR MOLECULAR MOTORS KINESIN Move
Organelles toward () end Kinectin DYNEIN M
ove Organelles toward (-) end Dynactin
Retrograde Transport
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b. Microfilaments (Actin) Long, thin fibers
(7nm) String of Pearls Concentrated in
Cortex Amoeboid Motion
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Microfilament Function Anchor Cytoskeleton
to cell membrane Determine consistency of
cytoplasm Interact with Myosin
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c. Intermediate Filaments 8-10 nm
diameter Most durable Rope-like
Structure Provide Structural Stability
(vimentin)
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Function of Intermed. Filaments Strengthen
Cell Stabilize Position organelles Stabilize
cell relative to other cells
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Proteins Associated with Int. Filaments a.
Lamins b. Desmins c. Vimentins d.
Cytokeratins
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Proteins of Intermed. Filaments e. Actin f.
Myosin
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CELL MOVEMENT 1. Crawling Actin/Myosin Ge
l-Sol States Pseudopod Formation
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Amoeba
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CELL MOVEMENT 2. Pinching Actin
filaments Animal cells Cytokinesis
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Cytokinesis of Animal Cell
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Actin filament causing cell separation
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CELL MOVEMENT 3. Prokaryote Flagella Protein
Structure (flagellin) Rotatory
Movement Molecular motor in cell wall Basal
Apparatus Hook Filament
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CELL MOVEMENT 4. Eukaryote Flagella Microtubul
ar Structure 92 Arrangement Basal Body
Origin 9 triplet structure Whip-like
motion
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92 arrangement microtubules
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CELL MOVEMENT 5. Cilia Short, often in
rows Multiple Internal structure of
flagella Multiple functions
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Structure Of Cilia
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Cilia of Unicellular Protist
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Function of cilia in Hearing
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Cilia present in lining of trachea
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Ciliated Protist
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Ciliated Protist with Food Vacuole
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