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Nutrition and Healthy Lifestyle of Adolescents

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Title: Nutrition and Healthy Lifestyle of Adolescents


1
Nutrition and Healthy Lifestyle of Adolescents
  • Nutrition Month
  • National Nutrition Council
  • July 2007

2
2007 Nutrition Month Theme
Healthy lifestyle ng kabataan, landas sa
kinabukasan!
3
Adolescence
  • period of transition between childhood and
    adulthood, ages 10-19 (WHO)
  • often referred to as puberty

4
Changes adolescents undergo
  • Fast growth and physical maturation
  • Reaches the peak of weight and height
  • Development of secondary characteristics, i.e.
    deeper voice in voice in males, development of
    breasts in girls
  • Changes in physical, social, emotional and mental
    state start to appear

5
Adolescence
  • Period of exploration and learning
  • Good time to establish proper health and
    nutrition practices and behaviors
  • Expanding relationship and friendships
  • Influence lifestyles and behaviors

6
Nutritional Status of Filipino Adolescents
  • Among adolescents, 11-12 years old
  • 49 in every 100 have normal weights for their
    height
  • 26 in every 100 are underweight
  • 20 in every 100 are mildly underweight
  • 4 in every 100 are overweight

Source 6th National Nutrition Survey, DOST-FNRI
7
Nutritional Status of Filipino Adolescents
  • Among adolescents, 13-19 years old
  • 68 in every 100 have normal weights for their
    height
  • 12 in every 100 are underweight
  • 17 in every 100 are mildly underweight
  • 3 in every 100 are overweight

Source 6th National Nutrition Survey, DOST-FNRI
8
Nutritional Status of Adolescents, 11-19 years
old, using Body Mass Index. NNS 2003, FNRI-DOST.
9
Trends in the prevalence of underweight and
overweight among adolescents using Body Mass
Index Philippines, 1993-2003.
Source Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures
2003, FNRI-DOST. October 2006.
10
Consequences of poor nutrition among adolescents
Poor school performance
Slow growth and development
Poor nutrition among adolescents
Poor nutrition in adulthood
Sluggishness
Unhappy
Easy fatigability
Delay in the onset of secondary sex
characteristics
11
Why are adolescents undernourished?
  • Not enough food to eat
  • Access to empty calorie, less nutritious foods
  • Poor eating habits
  • Unhealthy lifestyle practices

12
Nutrient needs of adolescents
Source Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes.
Philippines, 2002 Edition. Food and Nutrition
Research Institute-Department of Science and
Technology.
13
Nutrient needs of adolescents
a-tocopherol
Source Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes.
Philippines, 2002 Edition. Food and Nutrition
Research Institute-Department of Science and
Technology.
14
Nutrient needs of adolescents
Source Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes.
Philippines, 2002 Edition. Food and Nutrition
Research Institute-Department of Science and
Technology.
15
Nutrient needs of adolescents
Source Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes.
Philippines, 2002 Edition. Food and Nutrition
Research Institute-Department of Science and
Technology.
16
Nutrient needs of adolescents
Source Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes.
Philippines, 2002 Edition. Food and Nutrition
Research Institute-Department of Science and
Technology.
17
Nutrient needs of adolescents
  • Males have higher needs than females for energy,
    protein, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin,
    vitamin K, magnesium, zinc, fluoride, manganese
  • Females have higher needs for iron
  • Energy and nutrient needs generally higher during
    early adolescence

18
Important nutrients for adolescents
  • Protein
  • To support rapid growth and development
  • Calcium
  • For bone development and calcium stores for peak
    bone mass
  • Sources are milk and dairy foods, fish with
    edible bones, green leafy vegetables

19
Important nutrients for adolescents
  • Iron
  • For growth spurts
  • For iron stores to prevent anemia
  • Compensate for blood loss during menstruation
    among females

20
Important nutrients for adolescents
  • Phosphorus and Magnesium
  • Works in coordination with calcium for bone
    development
  • Zinc
  • To support growth and development of secondary
    sex characteristics

21
Feeding the adolescent . . . what to eat?
Promotes
22
Eat a variety of foods every day!
GROW
23
Proper Diet GO foods
Source Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos.
Revised Edition 2000. Food and Nutrition Research
Institute-Department of Science and Technology.
24
Proper Diet GO foods
Source Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos.
Revised Edition 2000. Food and Nutrition Research
Institute-Department of Science and Technology.
25
Proper Diet GROW foods
Source Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos.
Revised Edition 2000. Food and Nutrition Research
Institute-Department of Science and Technology.
26
Proper Diet GROW foods
Source Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos.
Revised Edition 2000. Food and Nutrition Research
Institute-Department of Science and Technology.
27
Proper Diet GLOW foods
Source Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos.
Revised Edition 2000. Food and Nutrition Research
Institute-Department of Science and Technology.
28
Proper Diet GLOW foods
Source Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos.
Revised Edition 2000. Food and Nutrition Research
Institute-Department of Science and Technology.
29
Nutrition and health concerns of adolescents
30
a. Skipping meals
  • Reasons for skipping breakfast
  • Lack of time
  • Lack of appetite
  • Preference for sleep
  • Spending more time for personal appearance

31
a. Skipping meals
  • Reasons for skipping breakfast
  • No one to eat with
  • Acceptance of no-breakfast habit among peer group
  • Lack of prepared breakfast at home

32
Other reasons for skipping meals
  • Commitments in school
  • Tiredness

33
Prevent skipping meals
  • Encourage adolescents to make time for a good meal
  • maintains concentration in school, prepare the
    body for work and sports and keeps one healthy.

Good meal
34
Prevent skipping breakfast
  • Encourage adolescent to eat breakfast to prevent
    bingeing or overeating or frequent nibbling
  • Remind adolescents that skipping breakfast will
    not make one lose weight

35
Prevent skipping breakfast
  • Encourage adolescents to sleep early and wake up
    early so they have time for breakfast.
  • Ensure that breakfast is ready before adolescents
    and family members leave the home.

36
Prevent skipping breakfast
  • Join the adolescent in their meals
  • When eating breakfast is not possible, pack
    nutritious breakfast or snacks for family members

37
b. Poor meals/lunch
  • Poor food choices
  • Eating hurried lunches to catch up with classes
  • Eating less for fear of becoming overweight

38
b. Poor meals/lunch
  • Belief that some foods can cause pimples or acne
  • Absence of a companion to eat with
  • Not enough money to buy nutritious meals

39
c. Poor snacking
  • Preference for
  • fast foods
  • Preferences for street foods such as kwek-kwek,
    fish balls
  • Consumption of carbonated drinks, salty chips,
    sweets and sugary drinks

40
d. Practice of fad diets
  • Experiment with different diets for weight loss
    or improve build
  • Own diet e.g. replace meals with crackers and
    water
  • Popular diets promoted by media or celebrities

41
e. Eating disorders
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • loss of appetite due to psychological fear of
    being fat
  • energy intake is reduced and energy output is
    increased by excessive exercise
  • result to severe nutritional deficiency,
    cessation of menstruation, and even death

42
e. Eating disorders
  • Bulimia
  • Person binges or eats a lot of food in a short
    time and purges or induces vomiting to get rid of
    food
  • Individuals with bulimia have low self-esteem and
    sense of control

43
e. Eating disorders
  • 2. Bulimia
  • Negative effects are
  • irregular heart beat
  • weakened heart muscle
  • heart failure
  • low blood pressure and pulse rate
  • sore throat
  • irritated esophagus
  • dehydration
  • irregular bowel movement or constipation
  • irregular or absent monthly period

44
Addressing eating disorders
  • More than just eating disorders it is
    psychological
  • Consult with dietitian, psychologist or medical
    doctor to come up with an effective treatment plan

45
Addressing eating disorders
  • Parents should give comfort and support during
    treatment
  • Give love, compassion, appreciation and quality
    time

46
f. Substance abuse
  • Consumption of alcohol, drugs, cigarettes
  • Aside from physical effects, these also reduce
    absorption of nutrients

47
Healthy Lifestyle for Adolescents
48
What is healthy lifestyle?
  • Way of life that promotes and protects health and
    well-being
  • Department of Health

49
Why is a healthy lifestyle important?
  • Prevents dreaded chronic diseases
  • Heart disease
  • Diabetes
  • Cancers
  • Respiratory ailments
  • Prevents early death

50
How can adolescents achieve a healthy lifestyle?
  • Have a good diet.

51
Ensuring nutritious meals
  • Eat a variety of foods everyday
  • Increase consumption of vegetables to at least
    2-3 servings a day, e.g. leafy like alugbati,
    saluyot, malunggay, kamote tops, kangkong and
    yellow like squash
  • Eat at least 2-3 servings of fruits everyday
  • WHO recommends 400 grams/day 9 servings of
    fruits and vegetables

52
Ensuring nutritious meals
  • Choose diet
  • With plenty of grain products
  • Low in fat, saturated fats and cholesterol
  • Moderate in sugars and salt
  • Rich in calcium and iron

53
Ensuring nutritious meals
  • Buy nutritious snacks foods
  • Remind adolescent to choose food wisely when
    eating out
  • Bring packed nutritious meals/snacks

54
Ensuring nutritious meals
  • Prepare nutritious and appetizing foods at home

55
Ensuring nutritious meals
  • Teach adolescents of negative consequences of fad
    diets to their health
  • Misinformation may pose health risk to
    adolescents
  • More prone to develop chronic diseases such as
    diabetes, hypertension and heart diseases, even
    become more overweight

56
How can adolescents achieve a healthy lifestyle?
  • Balance the amount of food eaten with physical
    activity to maintain weight.

57
Maintain energy balance
  • Energy balance
  • Energy from food energy used for physical
    activity
  • If energy from food gt energy used weight gain
  • If energy from food lt energy used weight loss

INPUT Calories from food
OUTPUT Calories used during PA
The Energy Balance
58
3. Exercise regularly.
  • Do moderate-intensity physical activity

10
minutes at a time for
30
minutes a day at least
5
days a week
Source Philippine Association for the Study of
Overweight and Obesity (PASOO)
59
How can adolescents achieve a healthy lifestyle?
  • Do not smoke.
  • The best rule is never to start smoking because
    once the habit is established giving up smoking
    will not be easy.

60
How can adolescents achieve a healthy lifestyle?
  • Avoid alcohol
  • 1 ½ oz distilled beverage e.g. gin
  • 12 oz or 1 bottle beer
  • 4 oz of ½ glass wine
  • 1 oz or 1 jigger of 100 proof whiskey

1 drink
61
How can adolescents achieve a healthy lifestyle?
  • Manage stress
  • avoid excess caffeine intake reduce feelings of
    anxiety and agitation,
  • learn relaxation exercises like abdominal
    breathing and muscle relaxation techniques

62
How can adolescents achieve a healthy lifestyle?
  • Manage stress
  • have a positive outlook
  • take a break from stressful situations like doing
    things that you love most

63
How can adolescents achieve a healthy lifestyle?
  • Manage stress
  • learn practical coping skills like breaking large
    tasks into smaller and more feasible tasks
  • seek friends who can help them cope in a positive
    way

64
The pregnant adolescent
  • Increases risk of undernutrition and anemia
    because of demand of pregnancy and physical
    development
  • Brings physical and psychological stress

65
Taking care of the pregnant adolescent
  • Plan her diet carefully to consider increased
    energy and nutrient needs
  • Micronutrient supplementation especially iron and
    calcium
  • Increase food intake

66
Taking care of the pregnant adolescent
  • Family should be supportive and more sympathetic
  • Ensure prenatal and postnatal care

67
Health and nutrition programs for adolescents
  • Reproductive health
  • Adolescent and Youth Health Program and
    Development (DOH)
  • Includes awareness on adolescents sexuality and
    reproductive health
  • Advocacy on sexual awareness through education
    and value formation (NGOs like Foundation for
    Adolescent Development)

68
Health and nutrition programs for adolescents
  • 2. Nutrition education
  • Integrated in health and nutrition subjects or in
    Technology and Livelihood Education (DepED)
  • Fora and seminars are also conducted during
    Nutrition Month celebration

69
Health and nutrition programs for adolescents
  • 3. Promotion of healthy lifestyle
  • Program on healthy eating places
  • Promotion of exercise
  • Promotion of No Smoking
  • Sports development

70
Health and nutrition programs for adolescents
  • 4. Policies for the youth
  • The Medium Term Youth Development Plan (MTYDP) as
    the national framework for youth development
    (National Youth Commission)
  • Youth development in education, skills
    development, reproductive health and control of
    substance abuse, etc.

71
Health and nutrition programs for adolescents
  • 4. Policies for the youth
  • Child 21 or the Philippine National Strategic
    Framework for Plan Development for Children
    provides framework to promote and safeguard the
    rights of Filipino children
  • education
  • information
  • freedom of expression
  • thought
  • conscience
  • religion
  • association
  • right to privacy

72
Actions to promote healthy lifestyle of
adolescents
  • Provide a supportive family environment
  • Ensure nutritious meals are available with
    special attention to nutritious breakfast.
  • Parents as role models of good nutrition.
  • Engage in physical activities among family
    members.

73
Actions to promote healthy lifestyle of
adolescents
  • Foster nutrition-friendly schools
  • School canteens and cafeterias to provide a
    variety of options of nutritious but affordable
    meals and snacks.
  • Promote the sale of safe and nutritious foods
    among vendors in the vicinity of the school.
  • Integrate nutrition in the secondary education
    curriculum.

74
Actions to promote healthy lifestyle of
adolescents
  • Foster nutrition-friendly schools
  • Conduct nutrition assessment.
  • Ensure that students have enough time for snacks
    in the morning and afternoon.

75
Actions to promote healthy lifestyle of
adolescents
  • Foster nutrition-friendly schools
  • Conduct forum, discussions, seminars on nutrition
    and healthy lifestyles to increase awareness and
    to clarify misconceptions about nutrition.
  • an opportunity for adolescents to express their
    opinions.

76
Actions to promote healthy lifestyle of
adolescents
  • Community and local government support for
    adolescent nutrition and healthy lifestyle
  • Conduct community assemblies on proper nutrition
    and healthy lifestyles.
  • The Sangguniang Kabataan can conduct nutrition
    assessment among the youth in coordination with
    municipal/city nutrition office.

77
Actions to promote healthy lifestyle of
adolescents
  • Community and local government support for
    adolescent nutrition and healthy lifestyle
  • Provide iron supplements especially for female
    adolescents.
  • Promote sport activities.

78
Actions to promote healthy lifestyle of
adolescents
  • Community and local government support for
    adolescent nutrition and healthy lifestyle
  • Enforce an ordinance banning children from
    purchasing cigarettes and alcoholic beverages and
    or regulating the sale of junk foods.

79
Actions to promote healthy lifestyle of
adolescents
  • Community and local government support for
    adolescent nutrition and healthy lifestyle
  • Engage adolescents in community nutrition
    programs such as Operation Timbang, nutrition
    education, food production programs and
    participate in decision-making.

80
Actions to promote healthy lifestyle of
adolescents
  • Community and local government support for
    adolescent nutrition and healthy lifestyle
  • Sangguniang Kabataan to allocate a portion of the
    SK fund for nutrition program for adolescents.

81
Actions to promote healthy lifestyle of
adolescents
  • Community and local government support for
    adolescent nutrition and healthy lifestyle
  • Organize adolescent counseling programs to
    address psychological and social aspects of
    adolescent stresses.
  • Provide reproductive health services especially
    to avoid teenage pregnancies

82
Actions to promote healthy lifestyle of
adolescents
  • Media and civil society
  • Promote a healthy body image of adolescents as
    not being too thin but that of having normal
    weight.
  • Promote nutrition by providing correct
    information especially about fad diets which
    adolescents are likely to experiment with.

83
In summary. . .
  • 1. The adolescent needs proper nutrition to
    support rapid growth and development.
  • 2. About 37 of adolescents do not have normal
    nutritional states.

84
In summary. . .
  • 3. Nutrient needs are not met because of lack of
    food, poor food choices and unhealthy lifestyle.
  • 4. Promote and support adolescents to practice
    healthy lifestyle to address various health and
    nutrition concerns.

85
In summary. . .
  • 5. Nutrition programs for adolescents are
    limited and these should be assessed and
    strengthened to improve nutritional status of
    adolescents in preparation for adult life.

86
Thank you!
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