Feeding Ethanol Industry Coproducts to Sheep

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Feeding Ethanol Industry Co-products to Sheep

• Jeff Held
• SDSU Extension Sheep Specialist

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What are dried distillers grains with solubles?

• The dry-mill ethanol production process uses only
  the starch portion of the corn, which is about
  70 of the kernel. All the remaining nutrients
  protein, fat, minerals, and vitamins are
  concentrated into distillers grain.
• A bushel of corn will produce at least 2.7
  gallons of ethanol and 17 pounds of distillers
  grain.

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Variability of Dried Distillers Grain with
Solubles

• From University of Minnesota DDGS website
  www.ddgs.umn.edu/nutrient20profiles/album-us/inde
  x.htm

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DDGS - Nutrient Analysis

• of dry matter
• Crude protein 30.9
• TDN 86.5
• Fat 10.72
• Calcium 0.07
• Phosphorus 0.76
• Magnesium 19 ppm
• Copper 6 ppm

Average nutritive value of samples from 32
ethanol plants in the U.S.
From University of Minnesota DDGS website
www.ddgs.umn.edu/nutrient20profiles/us-profile2
0comparison20tables20May2005.pdf
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Nutritional Concerns

• Cost per unit of nutrient
• Energy or protein
• Physical form
• Small particle size
• Nutrient profile
• Phosphorus, sulfur, fat

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Research-Lactating Ewes

• Protein- suckling lamb growth response similar
  for DDGS and SBM supplemented diets (Univ. of
  Kentucky)
• Energy- DDGS substituted for corn at 2 lb per
  head, 25 of diet DM resulted in a slight
  positive performance response in triplet reared
  lambs. (Iowa State Univ.)
• Recommendation 1-2 lb/hd/d
• Inclusion based on cost and palatability

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Research-Lamb Mixed Diets

• Limited studies due to modern lamb feeding
  practices- self feeding
• DDGS can replace SBM in mixed and complete
  pelleted diet formulations
• 40 more DDGS (30 CP) needed vs SBM (48 CP)
• DDGS as protein source in corn or pelleted
  soyhull mixed diets
• Excellent lamb growth performance on SDSU trial,
  0.8 lb/hd/d

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Limitations - Lamb Feeding

• Residual waste requires more labor/cost
• Concerns for uniform ingredient consumption due
  to small particle size
• Phosphorus contribution is high increasing the
  risk for urinary calculi in males
• Particle size preference favors use in younger
  lambs although very little information on DDGS
  use in creep or starter diets

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Recommendations-Lamb Diets

• Up to 20 of dietary DM is practical
• up to 16 CP growing or finishing mixed diet.
• Mixed diet with DDGS would be ideal for bunk fed
  lambs. Better fit than ad lib feeding system for
  large number of head
• Must have high management skills
• DDGS and pelleted soyhulls compliment
• CaP ratio and lower residual feed versus
  corn/DDGS

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Use of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles in
Lamb Diets

• SDSU Sheep Research and Extension
• 2006

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Using Dried Distillers Grains as a Protein and
Energy Source in Market Lamb Diets

• T. Hulls, A. Bartosh, R. Zelinsky, J. A. Daniel
  and A. Wertz-Lutz

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• Objective
• To determine if DDGS can be used as a a dietary
  protein and energy source for market lambs on
  self-feeders.
• 1) Growth performance
• 2) Carcass merit

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• Experimental Design

Diets were formulated to be 14.5 crude protein
and isocaloric
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• Growth Performance

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• Carcass Merit

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Conclusions

• DDGS can be used as a protein and energy source
  in growing lamb diets without negatively
  impacting lamb growth performance or carcass
  traits.
• However to be cost effective a mixed diet rather
  than complete pellets need to be evaluated.

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The effect of corn or soybean hull diets
supplemented with DDGS in mixed diets on
finishing lamb performance and carcass merit

• R. Zelinsky, J. A. Daniel, and J.E. Held

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Utilizing DDGS In Lamb Diets

• DDGS research in lamb diets is limited.
• Palatable and cost effective levels of DDGS in
  mixed lamb diets is unknown.
• High phosphorous concentration and low calcium
  concentration of DDGS and other protein sources
  must be addressed to prevent urinary calculi in
  male lambs.

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Nutrient Content

• DDGS Corn Soybean hulls
• Crude protein 29 9 12
• TDN 90 88 77
• Fat 10.6 4.3 2.6
• Calcium 0.28 0.02 0.55
• Phosphorus 0.79 0.3 0.17
• Magnesium (ppm) 19 7.9 10
• Copper (ppm) 6 2.51 17.8
• 
  ( DM basis)

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Experimental Design

• 80 white-faced and brockle-faced wethers and ewe
  lambs
• Conducted December 23, 2004 at 92 days of age
  (range 79 to 105)
• Eight feeding pens with 10 lambs per pen
• Feed disappearance was recorded to calculate
  intake and feed to gain ratio. Average daily gain
  was determined in 3 wk intervals.
• Lambs were slaughtered and carcass data collected
  at a commercial packing plant. (Iowa Lamb Corp)

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Experimental Design

• Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and to
  meet NRC (1985) requirements.
• Lambs were adapted to diets for 7 days
• Lambs were on test for 64 days.
• For a 21 day period, feed refusal was recorded
  weekly.

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Diets

• Diets were formulated to contain 14 crude
  protein

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Growth and Performance Data
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Corn Based (L) Soyhull Based Diets (R)
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Carcass Data
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Conclusions

• DDGS and soybean hulls were shown in this study
  to be excellent feed ingredients for lamb
  finishing diets.
• 0.78 lb/d is consistent with the expected growth
  potential for lambs finished on traditional
  diets.
• Lamb feed refusal for the soybean hull diet was
  approximately 40 of the corn diet.
• Soybean hull diets fed to lambs consistently have
  higher intake compared to grain based diets.

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Diet costs (Dec 04)
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Current - Diet costs (Dec 06)
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Cost of Gain2004 vs 2006
Feed to gain lbs of feed intake per lb of body
wt gain Cost of Gain (Feed to gain) x (cost
per lb of feed)
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Conclusions

• Dried Distillers Grains with solubles can be used
  in finishing lamb rations without adversely
  impacting lamb growth or carcass traits.
• Dried Distillers Grain with solubles can be
  combined with soybean hulls in a lambing
  finishing ration using these co-products as the
  sole energy, protein, and fiber source.
• The soybean hull-dried distillers grain with
  solubles diet has the added benefit of reduced
  risk of acidosis and urinary calculi relative to
  traditional lamb finishing diets.