EE2066 Computer Architecture

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EE2066 Computer Architecture Digital Systems
Dr T. ITAGAKI
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EE2066 Computer Architecture Digital Systems

• MODULE LEADER
• Dr Ian D. DEAR
• Additional Tutor
• Takebumi ITAGAKI
• PhD (Dunelm), MIEEE, MIET, MAES
• office H 242
• e-mail T.Itagaki_at_brunel.ac.uk
• home page people.brunel.ac.uk/eesttti

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EE2066 Computer Architecture Digital Systems

• Lectures
• Thursdays 0900 1000 LC266
• Dr T. ITAGAKI
• Fridays 1100 1200 LC261
• Dr I. DEAR
• Seminar
• Thursdays 1600 1700 LC066
• Dr I. DEAR or Dr T. ITAGAKI

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Assessment

• Class Room Test (1 hour) x 2 5 x 2
• late November early January
• Formal Examination (3 hours) 90
• end of April - May 2010
• past examination paper are available on U-Link

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Class Room Test (10) Result 2008/9
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Formal Examination Result (90) 2008/9
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Module Result 2008/9
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Please note

• The student failed to pass a module in Level 2
  will NOT have a chance of RE-SIT. The 2nd
  attempt could be allowed in the following year,
  depending upon the decision by the board of
  examiner. i.e. not an automatic right to RE-TAKE
  the failed module(s).
• The Level 2 results would be included to your
  degree classification.

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Additional TutorTakebumi ITAGAKI

• Specialised Subjects
• Real-time Systems
• Parallel and Distributed Processing
• multi-processor network
• Digital Signal Processing
• Audio Signal Processing
• INMOS Transputer T800
• Intel 320C30, 320C40
• Motorola 56000, 68000
• Digital TV systems
• Next generation HDTV

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Main Topics of Study

• Standard Computer Architecture von Neumanns
  architecture
• CPU Organisation, Instruction Cycle
• Floating-point Processing Unit
• Representation of number formats
• Memory Hierarchy
• I/O Interfaces
• Buses gt Topology
• Serial / Parallel Communications
• Flynn's taxonomy gt Parallel Algorithms
• Error Detection and Correction

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Computer - generations

• 1st generation valves
• also known as vacuum tube
• 2nd generation transistors
• 3rd generation IC

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Computer
a computer in mid 1950s
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Standard Computer Architecture (1)János von
Neumann John von Neumann

• In 1946 the famous mathematician John von Neumann
  presented the structure of a computer which is
  the basis of the design of most computers
  available today.
• For this reason people often refer to these
  machines as von Neumann machines.
• Von Neumann laid out some fundamental concepts
  inherent in the design of computer systems.

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann
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Standard Computer Architecture (2) von Neumanns
Design

• The use of the binary numbering system digital.
• A single memory consisting of numbered locations
  for data address.
• A separate arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for
  performing arithmetic and logical computations.
• The stored program concept, in which both the
  program and its data are stored in the memory.
• A controller that fetches instructions from
  memory.
• The overall functional organisation of computers
  and how the major pieces fit together.

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Standard Computer Architecture (3) von Neumanns
architecture

• The von Neumann architecture divides a computer
  into five major functional components
• Control Unit - CPU
• Arithmetic and logic unit - ALU
• Main Memory
• Interconnect network - BUS
• Input Output

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Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• The computer has a store (memory) and a
  computation engine (CPU).
• The CPU (Central Processing Unit) performs the
  computation in the computer. It embodies
• the control unit, and
• the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (the ALU)
• The CPU is sometimes referred to as the
  processor. The CPU organises and performs
  arithmetic and logical operations on data.

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Main Memory (semiconductor)

• Information is supplied to the computer by the
  input devices.
• The main memory (sometimes referred to as primary
  memory) stores data which is operated on by the
  CPU.
• The main memory is an electronic system and data
  can be transferred between main memory and the
  CPU at a very high rate.

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Types of Memory (semiconductor)

• Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Access time is independent of the location in the
  store.
• Contents can be changed by the CPU at will.
• Volatile - contents are lost when power is
  switched off.
• All main memory in computer systems is like this.
• Read-Only Memory (ROM)
• Access time is independent of the location in the
  store.
• Contents are permanent, and cannot be changed.
• Contents are not lost when power is switched off.

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Secondary Storage (i/o device)

• Main memory is volatile (its contents are lost
  when the power is switched off).
• Long-term storage is necessary, for a number of
  purposes.
• Magnetic discs.
• they are capable of storing MUCH more information
  MUCH more cheaply than semiconductor memory
• they are stable - a constant power supply is not
  required
• Hard discs (magnetic) work as an integral part of
  every computer system, providing what is called
  secondary memory (where files are stored -
  details later).

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Other Data Storage (i/o device)

• Besides file store, we need to be able to
• transport data physically from place to place
• place data in archives
• Floppy discs (magnetic) provide (small-scale)
  portable storage.
• Optical discs (CDs and DVDs) provide storage
  which is portable, and permanent if we wish.
  They used both for transport and for archives
• Flash memory provide a mechanism for portable
  storage of large amounts of data. Physically it
  is semiconductor memory, but it is stable, and
  (unlike ROM) it can be modified.

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Interconnect Network (1)

• The essential components of a computer are
  connected by wires.
• Usually these wires are grouped together both
  physically and logically.
• These groups of wires are called buses.

CPU
I/O devices
Bus (Interconnect)
Main Memory
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Interconnect Network (2)

• In any particular computer there may be more than
  one bus, but in the simple model we are
  describing, there will be only one, with all of
  the components connected to it.
• Note that a bus usually consists of more than one
  strand of wire (maybe as many as 48 or 64 strands
  together).

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Input Devices

• Examples
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Buttons
• Sound device microphone
• Digital camera
• Communications links - modem, telephone line,
  ethernet
• Measuring devices Voltmeters, counters, cash
  registers, weighing machines ...
• Disc units - floppy, hard, CD, DVD
• Flash memory devices

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Output Devices

• Examples
• Display screen
• Communications links - modem, telephone line,
  ethernet
• Printer
• Ticket machines, speedometers, traffic lights
• Environmental controls (e.g in a commercial
  greenhouse)
• Sound devices, voice synthesiser, alarm system,
  etc.
• Magnetic tape writer
• Disc units - floppy, hard, CD, DVD
• Flash memory devices

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References

• http//dynamo.ecn.purdue.edu/eigenman/reports/vN.
  pdf
• http//ei.cs.vt.edu/history/VonNeumann.html
• http//www.csupomona.edu/hnriley/www/VonN.html
• http//www.zaft.org/gordon/engr696a/paper.htm
• http//computing-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/
  vonNeumannarchitecture
• http//www.cis.ksu.edu/classes/450/jason/arch_prin
  t.pdf