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Basic Grid Concepts GridIrelandHEAnet Training Course December 5th, 2005

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Slide derived from EDG / LCG tutorials. Why the word 'Grid' ... The Local Area Network. Disks, Processor, ... Application Software ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Basic Grid Concepts GridIrelandHEAnet Training Course December 5th, 2005


1
Basic Grid ConceptsGrid-Ireland/HEAnet
Training CourseDecember 5th, 2005
  • Brian Coghlan
  • coghlan_at_cs.tcd.ie

2
Acknowledgements
  • This talk includes many slides prepared by Mike
    Mineter of NeSC for EGEE, which itself included
    slides from previous tutorials and talks
    delivered by
  • Dave Berry, Richard Hopkins (National e-Science
    Centre)
  • the EDG training team
  • Ian Foster, Argonne National Laboratories
  • Jeffrey Grethe, SDSC
  • EGEE colleagues

3
Overview
  • Goal To introduce the concepts of Grid computing
    assuming no previous knowledge
  • Cover the topics of
  • Why Grids?
  • What is a grid?
  • Is it secure?

4
Contents
  • Why Grids?
  • What is a Grid?
  • Is it Secure?

5
Before Grids
There must be a better way of doing this!!!
6
Middleware
MIDDLEWARE
7
With Grids
Slide derived from EDG / LCG tutorials
8
Why the word Grid?
  • The word Grid is used by analogy with the
    electric power grid, which provides pervasive
    access to electricity
  • Foster and Kesselman
  • - The Grid 2

9
The grid vision
  • The grid vision is of Virtual computing
  • Compare this to the web
  • Web pages are virtual documents
  • A search engine is used to locate these
    resources.
  • The effect of collaboration through sharing
    resources is to expand the horizons of
  • Research
  • Science, engineering, medicine,
  • Commerce
  • the knowledge economy
  • Public service
  • health, environment,

10
Contents
  • Why Grids?
  • What is a Grid?
  • Is it Secure?

11
Expanding Horizons
  • The initial vision The Grid
  • The present reality many grids
  • Each grid is an infrastructure enabling one or
    more virtual organisations (VOs) to share
    computing resources
  • What makes a VO?
  • People in different organisations seeking to
    cooperate and share resources across their
    organisational boundaries

12
The Single Computer
  • The Operating System enables easy use of
  • Input devices
  • Processor
  • Disks
  • Display
  • Any other attached devices

13
The Local Area Network
  • User just perceives shared resources, with no
    regard to location in the building
  • - Authenticated
  • by username/password
  • - Authorised
  • to use own files,
  • to use shared files,

14
A Grid of Resources
THE INTERNET
15
Grid Musicians
16
Grid Symphony
DB
DB
Resource Broker
Information Service
User
Site
Logging Bookkeeping
National Services
17
The components of a Grid
  • Infrastructure
  • networking, computational resources, storage
    resources,
  • Middleware
  • the operating system of the grid, running on all
    resources.
  • Operations infrastructure
  • Run enabling services (people software)
  • Virtual Organization management
  • Procedures for gaining access to resources

18
The term Grid computing
  • Grid computing is a much misused term
  • Sometimes in Industry Grids clusters
  • Also used to refer to the harvesting of unused
    compute cycles
  • e.g. SETI_at_home, climateprediction.net

19
Grid projects
  • Many Grid development efforts all over the
    world
  • UK e-Science, GridPP
  • Netherlands VLAM, PolderGrid
  • Germany UNICORE, D-Grid
  • France EGEE,
  • Italy INFN Grid
  • Ireland Grid-Ireland
  • Hungary DemoGrid, ClusterGrid
  • Scandanavia NorduGrid, BalticGrid
  • Spain IrisGrid
  • Greece HellasGrid
  • NASA Information Power Grid
  • DOE Science Grid
  • NSF National Virtual Observatory
  • NSF GriPhyN
  • DOE Particle Physics Data Grid
  • NSF TeraGrid
  • DOE ASCI Grid
  • DOE Earth Systems Grid
  • DARPA CoABS Grid
  • NEESGrid
  • DOH BIRN
  • NSF iVDGL
  • DataGrid (CERN, ...)
  • EuroGrid (Unicore)
  • DataTag (CERN,)
  • Astrophysical Virtual Observatory
  • GRIP (Globus/Unicore)
  • GRIA (Industrial applications)
  • GridLab (Cactus Toolkit)
  • CrossGrid (Interactive Components)
  • EGSO (Solar Physics)

20
Summary (so far)
  • Virtual organisation people and resources
    collaborating
  • crosses admin, organisational boundaries
  • Grid middleware runs on each resource
  • User just perceives shared resources
  • no concern for location or owning organisation

21
Contents
  • Why Grids?
  • What is a Grid?
  • Is it Secure?

22
Different Perspectives
  • Users need
  • Single sign-on
  • ability to logon to a machine and have the users
    identity passed to other resources as required
  • To trust owners of resources they are using
  • Resource providers need
  • Risks to be controlled
  • they are asked to trust users they do not know
  • Minimal impact on security
  • Ability to trace who did what
  • The solution comes from
  • Virtual Organisations
  • Digital Certificates

23
Users and Virtual Organisations
  • Virtual Organisations and trust
  • User joins a Virtual Organisation
  • Digital certificate is basis of Authentication
    and Authorisation.
  • Identity passed to other resources you use
  • it is mapped to a local account
  • mapping is maintained by the Virtual
    Organisation.
  • The user trusts the Virtual Organisation
  • To only enroll trustworthy members
  • to only use resources that are safe and secure
  • User just perceives shared resources with no
    concern for location or owning organisation

24
Resource-Providers and VOs
  • Virtual Organisations and trust
  • A Resource-Provider trusts a Virtual Organisation
  • The Virtual Organisation trusts its users
  • Common agreed policies
  • Acceptable Usage Policies (AUPs)
  • These establish rights for a VO to use resources
  • Each resource provider has different usage and
    security considerations that must be accounted for

25
Digital Certificates
  • A digital certificate is the basis for
  • Single sign-on authentication authorisation
    non-repudiation
  • Authentication
  • How do I identify myself to a resource ?
  • Dont want to enter username/password for each
    resource
  • Authorisation
  • What can I do?
  • Determined by users membership of a VO
  • The VO negotiates rights with resource providers
  • Non-repudiation
  • Was it actually you that did ?
  • Non-repudiation is ability to prove you did

26
Certification Authority Websites
  • Certification Authorities (CAs) issue digital
    certificates
  • after certifying users identity, e.g. by showing
    staff ID
  • Grid certs are recognized internationally
  • A list of Certification Authorities that mutually
    recognize each other http//www.gridpma.org/
  • Grid-Ireland Certification Authority
  • http//cagraidsvr06.cs.tcd.ie/certauth.html

27
The Grid Security Infrastructure
  • The Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
    middleware is the basis of most production grids

For all of this to work you must keep your
digital certificate secure !!!
28
Contents
  • Why Grids?
  • What is a Grid?
  • Is it Secure?
  • Next
  • Some Examples
  • Current Status
  • Conclusion
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