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Introduction%20to%20GIS%20in%20Water%20Resources

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Delineation of Streams and Watersheds on a DEM ... EPA Office of Science and Technology. BASINS. Hydrologic Engineering Center ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Introduction%20to%20GIS%20in%20Water%20Resources


1
Introduction to GIS in Water Resources
  • David R. Maidment
  • Director,
  • Center for Research in Water Resources
  • University of Texas at Austin

2
National Hydro Data Programs
National Elevation Dataset (NED)
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)
Watershed Boundary Dataset
NED-Hydrology
3
National Elevation Dataset
  • Digital Elevation Model with 1 arc-second (30m)
    cells
  • Seamless in 1 blocks for the United States
  • 10 billion data
  • Derived from USGS 124,000 quadrangle sheets

4
Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
720
720
Contours
740
720
700
680
680
700
720
740
5
Austin West 30 Meter DEM
6
Eight Direction Pour Point Model
Water flows in the direction of steepest descent
7
Flow Direction Grid
8
Cell to Cell Grid Network Through the Landscape
9
Delineation of Streams and Watersheds on a DEM
10
GTOPO30 - 1 km Digital Elevation Model of the
Earth
11
Drainage in North America
12
1500 Major Drainage Basins
13
National Hydro Data Programs
National Elevation Dataset (NED)
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)
Watershed Boundary Dataset
NED-Hydrology
14
Watersheds of the US
8-digit HUC watersheds
2-digit water resource regions
15
Hydrologic Unit Code Watersheds
2000 for US, about the size of counties
16
Watershed Hierarchy
Digit
2
4
6
8 HUC
10
12
NED-H
Available
In Progress
17
Watershed Boundary Dataset
  • National Program by USGS and USDA (NRCS)
  • Boundaries for 10- and 12- digit watersheds
  • First cut is by automated delineation from NED
  • Hand checked and edited

10-digit watersheds
18
  • National program by USGS and NWS
  • 5000 cell threshold on a 30m DEM ( 8 km2 average
    drainage area)
  • 1 million catchments for US when completed
  • Includes grid derived products e.g. topmodel index

19
EPA River Reach File 1 (RF1)
20
River networks for 8-digit HUC watersheds
21
(No Transcript)
22
Lower West Fork, Trinity River Basin HUC
12030102
23
NHD River Reaches
412 River Reaches In Upper West Fork
24
River Reach Codes
Rch_Code 12030102000151
Rch_Code 12030102000005
Segment
HUC
25
Colorado River Network
1100,000 scale river network developed from
NHD 60,000 edges 40,000 mile2 drainage area
26
City of Austin Stream Network
Developed from 1100 Capco Areal
photogrammetry 11200 scale 63,000 edges 6,300
stream miles
27
Stream Definition Waller Creek
Austin Watersheds with Streamsderived from
Aerial Photographs
Streamlines generated by the aerial photographs
are not always continuous.
28
Information for Correcting Stream Network
  • DEM
  • Contours
  • Storm sewers
  • Orthophotos

29
Resulting Corrected Stream
  • Subsequent steps
  • Verification of corrected streams by flood
    hydrologists.
  • Running tracer program to connect arcs.
  • Burning of streams into DEM.

30
Colorado River at Mansfield Dam
From NHD 1100,000 scale
River Reaches
Lake Travis
City of Austin Stream network 11200 scale
31
Detailed Comparison between NHD and Austin streams
Good agreement between data sets developed
independently at very different spatial scales
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
County Level Digital Soil Maps
35
National Land Cover Dataset
36
(No Transcript)
37
PRISM Mean Annual Precipitation
38
National Water Information System
Web access to USGS water resources data in real
time
39
Synthesis of GIS and Modeling
(slide from 1st International Conference on GIS
and Environmental Modeling, Boulder, 1991)
GIS
Environmental Modeling
Environmental description
Process representation
Input
Data
Model
Results
40
Data-Driven Modeling
(slide from 3rd International Conference on GIS
and Environmental Modeling, Santa Fe, 1996)
41
Successes in GIS-Model Integration
  • EPA Office of Science and Technology
  • BASINS
  • Hydrologic Engineering Center
  • HEC GeoRAS and HEC-GeoHMS
  • Waterways Experiment Station and Brigham Young
    University
  • WMS, GMS, SMS,
  • Danish Hydraulic Institute
  • Mike11 GIS, Mike Basin, Mike21 GIS

42
BASINS - Integrating GIS and Water Quality
Modeling
Data Cartographic Monitoring
Loadings
  • Models
  • HSPF - NPSM
  • QUAL2E
  • TOXIROUTE

Tools Target Assessment Data
Mining Reporting
Target
Assess
DM
Decisions Watershed Management . TMDL .
Source Water Protection . Stormwater
State and Local Data
43
Integrating GIS and HEC Flood Models
HEC-GeoHMS
HEC-GeoRAS
Digital Map Database
44
Austin Watersheds
45
DEM Watersheds for Austin
46
Integrating GIS and HEC Flood Models
HEC-GeoHMS
HEC-GeoRAS
Digital Map Database
47
Austin Watersheds
48
DEM Watersheds for Austin
49
Selected Watersheds and Streams
Mansfield Dam
Colorado River
50
HMS Schematic Prepared with CRWR-PrePro
Mansfield Dam
Colorado River
51
HMS Model of the Austin Region
52
HMS Results
Watershed 155
Junction 44
53
Integrating GIS and HEC Flood Models
HEC-GeoHMS
HEC-GeoRAS
Digital Map Database
54
Waller Creek DEM
55
Waller Creek HMS Model
56
Connecting HMS and RAS
HMS
RAS
57
Discharge at a Particular Cross-Section
(RAS)
(HMS)
58
HEC-RAS Cross-Section Description
  • Points describe channel and floodway geometry
  • Bank station locations
  • Water surface elevations and floodplain
    boundaries

59
Flood Plain Mapping
60
Floodplain Mapping 3-D View
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