The Black Pearl

1
The Black Pearl

• Design Team
• Ryan Cobb
• Jacob Conger
• Christopher Cottingham
• Travis Douville
• Josh Johnson
• Adam Loverro
• Tony Maloney

2
The Black Pearl Design Proposal

• Design Drivers
• Maximum Level Speed
• Maximum Climb Rate
• Low-Drag Flying Wing
• With Drag-reducing winglets
• Objectives
• Increase Available Power
• Decrease Drag
• Decrease Weight

3
The Black PearlThe Complications

• Stability
• Fabrication
• Landing
• Payload Arrangement

http//images.usatoday.com/life/gallery/pirates-ca
ribbean/black-pearl.jpg
4
The Black Pearl Complication Remedies

• Stability Remedies
• Wing Sweep
• Wing Twist
• Reflexed Camber Line Airfoils
• Proper Payload Arrangement
• Winglets
• Fabrication Remedies
• No fuselage or tail
• Fewer control surfaces

• Landing Remedies
• Landing Skid
• Due to landing gear release on Take-Off
• Payload Arrangement
• Increased Root Thickness
• For storage in wing

5
The Black Pearl Comparison Aircraft
6
The Black Pearl Take-Off Weight

• Payload
• Batteries, GPS, Receiver
• Payload Weight 2.85 lbs.
• Mission Requirements
• Max Mach 0.065
• Cruise Mach 0.055
• Cruise Alt. 500 ft.
• Aspect Ratio 6
• Structure Factor 0.54
• Final Take-Off Weight 6.26 lbs.

http//www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/hangar/3314
/b2.html
7
The Black Pearl Wing Loading

• Mission Requirements
• High Speed
• High Climb Rate
• Cruise 1.69 lbs/ft2
• Climb 2.94 lbs/ft2
• Preliminary Take-Off Distance 120 ft.

http//www.dkonline.co.uk/animal/images/birds_diag
ram.gif
8
The Black Pearl Wing Design

• Multiple Airfoil Sections
• MH-45 at root
• E-230 at tip
• Increase in size to accommodate payload
• Less Geometric Twist Less Drag
• Effective dihedral incorporated into design for
  stability
• Winglets add effective dihedral

http//www.mh-aerotools.de/airfoils/flywing1.htm


http//www.nasg.com/index-e.html
http//www.nasg.com/index-e.html
9
The Black Pearl Fuselage Design

• No Actual Fuselage
• Wing root thickened to accommodate payload
• Landing skid centered underneath wing
• Optimized airfoil fuselage shape

10
The Black Pearl Wing Bubble
11
The Black Pearl Airfoil Geometric Constraints
12
The Black Pearl Flaps Design

• Take-Off Speed 25 ft/s
• Sf/Sw 0.4
• Plane Flaps
• High AR Calculations
• Maximum CL1.5 with flaps
• 1.0 without flaps
• Stall Angle 12o
• 14o without flaps

http//www.aviacion.cl/images/flaps.gif
http//www.dynamicscience.com.au/tester/solutions/
flight/wing2.jpg
13
The Black Pearl Motor Selection

• Max Speed 98 ft/s
• Total Drag 0.28 lbf
• Astro 15 Motor
• 6,800 RPM
• SHP-0.35
• Thrust at Cruise 1.96 lbf
• T/W Ratio 0.38
• Gear Drive Combo
• 12x8 Propeller
• 12 Cells

http//www.flyhobbies.com/astroflightcobalt15geare
d.htm
14
The Black Pearl Power Requirements
15
The Black Pearl Takeoff and Landing Analysis

• Mission requirements
• 300 ft. max take-off
• Without flaps 211 ft. take-off length
• Skid Landing High Friction
• Leads to low-predictability from spreadsheet

http//www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/b2bom
ber/images/DVD-251-2.html
16
The Black Pearl Stability Design

• Payload arrangement
• Forward C.G.? Positive Static Margin
• Wing Sweep 20o
• Wing Twist
• Washout
• Reflexed Camber Line Airfoil
• Low (or positive) moment coefficient

17
The Black Pearl Aerodynamic Wing Twist
18
The Black Pearl Stability DesignPart II

• Winglets
• Enhance directional stability
• Wing alone is directionally stable
• Wing Dihedral -1o
• Roll Stability

19
The Black Pearl Structure

• Two main spars for structure support
• Cutout in back of wing 4x14 for propeller
• Thin Balsa wood skin
• Hatches incorporated into fuselage bubble for
  easy access to payload Smoother surface of entire
  wing

20
The Black Pearl Structure (contd)
21
The Black Pearl A New Beginning