INTERNAL CONTROLS Session 1: Overview of Global Legislation

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INTERNAL CONTROLSSession 1 Overview of Global
Legislation
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Outline

• WTO-SPS agreement,
• FAO,
• IPPC,
• EPPO,
• EU

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WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures

• It sets out the basic rules for food safety and
  animal and plant health standards.
• http//www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/spsund_e
  .htm

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Main aim of the SPS Agreement

• To ensure safe food for the consumer by
  appropriate measures/regulations.
• To ensure necessary and justifiable safety
  regulations (without protecting domestic
  producers)

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General principles

• Harmonization
• Equivalence
• Non-discriminatory
• Transparency
• Regionalization

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Transparency

• Enquiry Point - in every member country -list
• New or modified regulations - notify the WTO
  Secretariat in time (form)
• The secretariat circulates the information
  (Example) (monthly summary)

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Food and Agriculture Organization

• It leads international efforts to defeat hunger.
• Serving both developed and developing countries,
  FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations
  meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate
  policy.
• FAO is also a source of knowledge and
  information.

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International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)

• It is a multilateral treaty deposited with the
  Director General of FAO.
• It was adopted by FAO in 1951 and came into force
  in 1952. It was amended once in 1973 and again in
  1997.
• The SPS Agreement identifies the IPPC as the
  organization providing international standards to
  help ensure that measures implemented by
  governments to protect plant health
  (phytosanitary measures) are harmonized and not
  used as unjustified barriers to trade.
• The IPPC currently has 169 Contracting Parties.

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Purpose of the IPPC

• international cooperation in controlling pests
  of plants and plant products and in preventing
  their international spread, and especially their
  introduction into endangered areas.

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The revised text of the IPPC

• The changes reflect its complementary
  relationship to the WTO-SPS agreement.
• To modernize the Convention by updating
  phytosanitary concepts and clarifying the scope
  and objectives of the Convention.

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• Joint responsibility,
• Establish official national plant protection
  organization,
• Phytosanitary certificate,
• Phytosanitary measures,
• Contact point,
• Commission on phytosanitary measures.

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International Standards for Phytosanitary
Measures 1 to 29

• You can download from the web-side
• https//www.ippc.int/servlet/CDSServlet?statusND0
  xMzM5OSY2PWVuJjMzPSomMzc9a29z

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List of ISPMs

• ISPM No. 01 (2006) Phytosanitary principles for
  the protection of plants and the application of
  phytosanitary measures in international trade
• ISPM No. 02 (2007) Framework for pest risk
• ISPM No. 03 (2005) Guidelines for the export,
  shipment, import and release of biological
  control agents and other beneficial organisms
• ISPM No. 04 (1995) Requirements for the
  establishment of Pest Free
• ISPM No. 05 (2005) Glossary of phytosanitary
  terms
• ISPM No. 05 (2007) Glossary of phytosanitary
  terms
• ISPM No. 06 (1997) Guidelines for surveillance

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• ISPM No. 07 (1997) Export certification system
• ISPM No. 08 (1998) Determination of pest status
  in an area
• ISPM No. 09 (1998) Guidelines for pest
  eradication programmes
• ISPM No. 10 (1999) Requirements for the
  establishment of pest free places of production
  and pest free production sites
• ISPM No. 11 (2004) Pest risk analysis for
  quarantine pests including analysis of
  environmental risks and living modified organisms
• ISPM No. 12 (2001) Guidelines for phytosanitary
  certificates
• ISPM No. 13 (2001) Guidelines for the
  notification of non-compliance and emergency
  action
• ISPM No. 14 (2002) The use of integrated measures
  in a systems approach for pest risk management

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• ISPM No. 15 (2002) Certification mark
  multilanguage
• ISPM No. 15 (2002) Guidelines for regulating wood
  packaging material in international trade
• ISPM No. 15 (2002) with modifications to Annex I
  (2006) Guidelines for regulating wood packaging
  material in international trade
• ISPM No. 16 (2002) Regulated non-quarantine
  pests concept and application
• ISPM No. 17 (2002) Pest reporting
• ISPM No. 18 (2003) Guidelines for the use of
  irradiation as a phytosanitary measure
• ISPM No. 19 (2003) Guidelines on lists of
  regulated pests
• ISPM No. 20 (2004) Guidelines for a phytosanitary
  import regulatory system
• ISPM No. 21 (2004) Pest risk analysis for
  regulated non quarantine pests
• ISPM No. 22 (2005) Requirements for the
  establishment of areas of low pest prevalence
• ISPM No. 23 (2005) Guidelines for inspection
• ISPM No. 24 (2005) Guidelines for the
  determination and recognition of equivalence of
  phytosanitary measures

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• ISPM No. 25 (2006) Consignments in transit
• ISPM No. 26 (2006) Establishment of pest free
  areas for fruit flies (Tephritidae)
• ISPM No. 27 (2006) Diagnostic protocols for
  regulated pests
• ISPM No. 28 (2007) Phytosanitary treatments for
  regulated pests
• ISPM No. 29 (2007) Recognition of pest free areas
  and areas of low pest prevalence

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Requirements for the establishment of Pest Free
Areas (ISPM 4.)

• Determination of a PFA,
• Establishment and maintenance of a PFA,
• Documentation and review,
• Specific requirements

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Requirements for the establishment of pest free
places of production and pest free production
sites (ISPM10)

• The concept
• Pest free place of production,
• Pest free production site
• General requirements
• Critical factors,
• Establishment and maintenance,
• Buffer zone
• Documentation and review

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Guidelines for surveillance (ISPM 6.)

• General surveillance
• Sources,
• Information collection, storage
• Use of information,
• Specific surveys
• Pest survey,
• Commodity or host survey,
• Targeted, random sampling

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Guidelines for surveillance (ISPM 6.)

• Good surveillance practice,
• Technical requirements,
• Record keeping,
• Transparency.

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Guidelines for pest eradication programmes (ISPM
9.)

• General requirements
• Planning process
• Undertake an Eradication Programme
• Eradication
• Review of the programme

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Regulated non-quarantine pests (ISPM 16)
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EPPO

• intergovernmental organization
• responsible for international cooperation in
  plant protection
• in the European and Mediterranean region.
• it is the regional plant protection organization
  for Europe - article IX of the FAO IPPC.
• Founded in 1951 with 15 member governments, it
  now has 50 member governments including nearly
  every country of Western and Eastern Europe and
  the Mediterranean region.

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Aim of the EPPO

• To protect plant health in agriculture, forestry
  and the uncultivated environment.
• To develop an international strategy against the
  introduction and spread of pests (including
  invasive alien plants) that damage cultivated and
  wild plants, in natural and agricultural
  ecosystems.
• To encourage harmonization of phytosanitary
  regulations and all other areas of official plant
  protection action.
• To promote the use of modern, safe, and effective
  pest control methods.
• To provide a documentation service on plant
  protection.

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EPPO publications 1.

• EPPO Bulletin
• EPPO Standards
• Quarantine Pests for Europe (2nd edition),
  Illustrations of QPE, Distribution Maps of QPE
• EPPO Reporting Service
• Phytosanitary Regulations Service

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EPPO publications 2.

• EPPO Plant Protection thesaurus (EPPT)
• http//www.eppo.org/DATABASES/eppt/eppt.htm
• PQR
• http//www.eppo.org/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm

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EPPO publications 3.

• EPPO Database on Diagnostic Expertise
• http//dc.eppo.org/index.php

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Coffee break
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EU plant health regime

• Single market
• Institutions
• Presidency
• Council of Ministers
• Commission
• Parliament
• Standing Committees

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Objectives

• To prevent the introduction into the Community of
  pests and diseases harmful to plants and plant
  products
• To prevent the spread within the Community of
  pests and diseases harmful to plants and plant
  products
• To facilitate trade within the Community

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EU legislation

• Directive,
• Decision,
• Regulation,
• Recommendations and options.
• applicable to all Member States,
• type of national legislation is different.

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The Plant Health Directive

• 2000/29/EC several amendments
• always watch Consolidated version!!!
• Articles and Annexes

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Articles

• 1 MSs required to establish Single Competent
  Authority (SCA)
• 2 Definitions
• 3 Bans of pests (harmful organisms) Annex I.,
  II.
• 4 Bans of plants, plant products, others Annex
  III.
• 5 Special requirements Annex IV.
• 6 Official export examinations registration of
  producers, importers
• 7-9 Phytosanitary Certificate (and re-export)
  Annex V., model Annex VII.
• 10 Plant passport Annex V, part A
• 11-12 Action in case of non-compliance
• 13 Import, BIPs
• 16 Emergency procedures notification
• 17-19 Committee voting procedures

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Implementing measures (1.)

• Control measures
• to ban the introduction of prohibited organisms
  into their territory and
• to ban the movement of such organisms within
  their territory.
• Control Directives certain organisms are present
  in the Community but only limited distribution.

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Control measures

• Community control measures for potato wart
  disease Council Directive 69/464/EEC
• Community control measures for potato cyst
  eelworm Council Directive 69/465/EEC (NEW!!)
• Community control measures for potato ring rot
  Council Directive 93/85/EEC as last amended by
  Commission Directive 2006/56/EC
• Community control measures for potato brown rot
  Council Directive 98/57/EC as last amended by
  Commission Directive 2006/63/EC

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Implementing measures (2.)

• Registration of operators Plant passports
• Import from Third Countries
• Inspections, notifications,
• Derogations
• Protected Zones

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Other implementing measures (3.)

• Financial solidarity to assist with expenditure
  on eradication action,
• Community Inspectorate to investigate how
  Member States and exporting (non-EU) countries
  implement requirements

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Emergency measures

• Potato spindle tuber viroid Commission Decision
  2007/410/EC
• Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Commission Decision
  2007/365/EC
• Gibberella circinata Commission Decision
  2007/433/EC
• Thrips palmi as regards Thailand Commission
  Decision 98/109/EC
• Pinewood nematode Commission Decision
  2001/218/EC as last amended by Decision
  2003/127/EC
• Phytophthora ramorum Commission Decision
  2002/757/EC as last amended by Decision
  2004/426/EC
• Diabrotica virgifera Commission Decision
  2003/766/EC
• Pepino mosaic virus Commission Decision
  2004/200/EC

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Internal control

• To prevent the spread of
• harmful organisms
• To inspect commodities subject to plant health
  checks
• Plant health controls carried out at the place of
  production
• Registration of producers and importers
• Issuing plant passport

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Plant passport

• Guarantee
• the plants have been grown by a registered
  producer who is authorised to issue plant
  passports for plants subject to appropriate
  inspection
• Statement
• by the producer that the planting material is,
  to the best of his/her knowledge free from all
  harmful organisms.

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• Thank you for your kind attention!