Research Methodology for Anesthesiologists

1
Research Methodology for Anesthesiologists??????
?????????????????????

• ??.??.?????? ??????????????
• ??.??.????????? ?????????????

2
Research Methodology

• Question
• Review
• Proposal
• Finance
• Ethic
• Conduct
• Data management and analysis
• Publication

• Hypothesis
• Research Design
• Population
• Intervention
• Measurement
• Statistic
• Timeline

3
?????????????? ?

• Scope of Anesthesia
• General Regional anesthesia
• Critical care
• Respiratory care
• Pain service
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

4
Aspect

• Clinical
• Health Service System
• Economic Analysis

5
??????????

• Practice
• Reading

6
Search for Knowledge

• Pubmed abstract
• The Electronic Anesthesiology library
• Cochrane library meta-analysis

7
Cochrane Collaboration
An international organisation aims to help people
make wellinformed decisions about health care by
preparing, maintaining and promoting the
accessibility of systematic reviews of the
effects of healthcare interventions. It is a
notforprofit organisation.
www.cochrane.org
8
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
(TENS) for chronic pain
Reviewers' conclusions The results of this
review are inconclusive The published trials do
not provide information on the stimulation
parameters which are most likely to provide
optimum pain relief, nor do they answer
questions about long-term effectiveness. Large
multi-centre randomised controlled trials of TENS
in chronic pain are urgently needed.
9
Research Question

• ?????????????????
• ???????
• ????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ??????

10
??????????????

• ?? A ??????

• ?? A ???????? B ????

• ?? A ?????????????????????? B ????

11
Research Design

• Descriptive
• Case control
• Cohort
• Experimental
• Meta-analysis

12
Design

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????

• ???????????????? pulse oximetry
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????

13
Descriptive Study

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????
• Random Sampling

14
Population
? (?)
15
Randomization

• Random sampling
• Random allocation

16
Descriptive Study

• Sample Size Determination
• Outcome
• Variation
• Acceptable Error

17
Descriptive Study

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????
• Outcome definition

18
Experimental study

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• Sample
• Inclusion Criteria
• Exclusion Criteria

19
Experimental study

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• Sample Size Determination
• Outcome magnitude of difference
• Variation
• Acceptable Error ?, ?

20
Experimental study

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• Sample Allocation

21
Experimental study

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• Intervention
• Contamination
• Co-intervention

22
Experimental study

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• Intervention
• Blinding

23
Experimental study

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• Outcome
• Primary
• Secondary

24
Experimental study

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• Outcome
• Surrogate outcome
• Final outcome Impact

25
Data Management

• Case Record Form
• Data Entry
• Data Analysis

26
Experimental study

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• Statistics
• Descriptive
• Number
• Graph
• Inferential
• Hypothesis testing

27
Finance

• Public
• Private

28
Ethical Issue

• Ethics
• Ethical committee (Institutional Review Board
  IRB)

29
Questions Comments
Welcome !
http//come.to/rcat/
30
Experimental Design

• Two or more parallel groups
• Crossover
• N of 1
• Sequential trial

31
Crossover trial

A
B
Randomize
Patients
A
B
Wash out
32
Classic Sequential Trial Armitages Plan
A
B