Culture, Creativity, Innovation

1
Culture, Creativity, Innovation

• Ch 14
• Part 2 April 24

2
Creativity

• Production of novel, useful ideas
• Can be trained can use group methods
• Delphi technique
• 3 components of creativity
• Must have basic relevant skills in area
• Creativity skills needed
• Individual Diffs in this related to?
• Age effects?
• Tenure effects?

3
(cont.)

• Intrinsic motivation Amabile (96), people will
  be most creative when motivated by interest, sat,
  challenge of the work itself, not by external
  pressures.
• Note importance of social environment/culture
• May also be linked to positive affect
• Multiplicative relationship betw 3 components
  (creativity 0 if any one is 0)

4
Amabiles research

• Importance of social environment on creativity
• 3 features appear to be critical
• 1) Competition different effects depending on
  locus of the competition
• How so?
• 2) Time pressure paradox but overall a slight
  neg effect (cont)

5
(cont.)

• How does legitimacy of the time pressure affect
  creativity?
• 3. Rewards complex effects.
• What does she mean by the threshold effect with
  resources?

6
Innovation

• Process of developing implementing new ideas
• Could include products or processes
• Orgs have to innovate to survive, but innovation
  may be resisted become political

7
(cont.)

• Implement creative ideas within org
• Org must have culture that values innovation
• Must have resources (financial, people)
• Management linked w/innovation
• How so?
• Examples?

8
Most Innovative Orgs (based on patents)See Table
14.6

• 1 General Electric 50,837 patents
• 2 IBM 32,498 patents
• 3 Westinghouse Electric 28,005
• 4 ATT 23,948
• 5 General Motors 23,559
• 6- Du Pont
• 7 Hitachi
• 8 Eastman Kodak
• 9 Canon
• 10 U.S. Navy 17,805

9
Innovation

• Case studies of innovative orgs reveal presence
  of 1 or more idea champions
• Who are these?
• Howell Higgens (90) study comparing champions v
  non-champions who worked on same project
• Differences in the groups?
• What may lead you to be a champion?

10
Innovation

• Communication w/external environment
• Gatekeepers - what do they do?
• Internal v external communication
• How does culture play a role in this?

11
5-stage model

• Innovation process can include
• Set the agenda (mission statement as guide)
• Set the stage w/goal setting
• Produce ideas
• Test implement ideas resources impt.
• Outcome assessment -

12
Best Practices in Innovation

• Set challenging goals
• Application of goal-setting theory
• Introducing diversity/new ideas
• Outsiders v insiders
• Create opportunities for talented ees
• Allow ees to move around internally w/o having to
  give up job title (GE)
• Reward innovation w/share of profits (GE)