Construction and Design of Retaining Walls

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Construction and Design of Retaining Walls

• Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ullrich Hanses
• FH Coburg /Germany

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retaining walls
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gravity dam

• gravity dam from limstone without mortar

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gravity dam

• wall of Lauenstein Castle in the Franconia region

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gravity dam
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gravity dam

• low retaining wall

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gravity dam

• high retaining wall

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gravity dam

• wall with console

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gravity dam

• underpinning

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gravity dam

• underpinning of a wall of a factory

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construction details

• expansion joint

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construction details

• construction joint between foundation and the wall

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drain

• drain with gravel

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drain

• drain with synthetic materials

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calculation of the earth pressure
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calculation of the earth pressureformula of
Müller Breslau
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calculation of the earth pressureretaining wall
with a sharp bend in the back wall
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calculation of the earth pressureretaining wall
with a console in the back wall
earth pressure
gKagh
j
Ja
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calculation of stability of retaining wall
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stability against overturningfor dead load
RV
R
eb
b
sL
sR
soil pressure
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stability against overturningfor dead load
traffic load
RV
R
eb
c
b
sR
3c
soil pressure
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stability against sliding
R
RV
Epghr
RH
RS
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stability against base failure
dS
R
RV
RH
d
g1
eb
g2, j, c
b
2eb
b
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calculation of the force of the base failure
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stress in the wall

• If the distance eb between the resultant R and
  the centroidal axis within the wall is less than
  b/6 there is only compressive stress in the wall

R
eb
b
sR
sL
eb b/6
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retaining walls
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retaining wall

• small retaining wall with piers

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retaining wall

• high retaining wall with facing bricks

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principle of statics of the angular retaining wall
R
ballast
G1
Eag
buttresses
GE
theoretical back side of the wall
G2
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different types of angular retaining walls

• normal angular retaining wall

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different types of angular retaining walls

• angular retaining wall with cross shear walls

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different types of angular retaining walls

• retaining wall with pile foundation

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reinforcement in a angular retaining wall
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calculation of earth pressurewith real sliding
lines
Monolith 2
a
Eagr
Eagl
da
h
Monolith 1
Ja
Ja
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calculation of earth pressurewith theoretical
backside
b
theoretical backside
G3
G1
Eag
R
h
da
G2
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calculation of stability
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stability against overturningfor dead load
RV
R
eb
b
sL
sR
soil pressure
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stability against overturningfor dead load
traffic load
RV
R
eb
c
b
sR
3c
soil pressure
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stability against sliding
RV
R
Epghr
RH
RS
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stability against base failure
solution see page 21
dS
RV
R
d
g1
RH
eb
b
g2, j, c
2eb
b
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calculation of internal forcescut off of the
earth monolith
b
b/2
b/2
eaghu
according German DIN 4085 eaghd 2 eaghu
e
E1
E1
Eaghr
GB
E2
E2
Eaght
RBv
eaghd
RBh
RBv
RBh
e
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calculation of internal forcesCut 1-1
G1
E1
E2
1
1
y
Q
M
N
x
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calculation of internal forcesCut 2-2
y
G2
Q
M
x
N
Rs1
sL
sR
P1
P2
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calculation of internal forcesCut 3-3
G3
M
x
N
Q
Rs3
y
sL
P1
sR
P2
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calculation of internal forcessurveillance
N
M
Q
Q
M
M
G
N
N
Q
Rs2
sL
sR
P2
P1
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water pressure (additional forces)
G1
G2
WL
WR
S1
S2
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retaining walls
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special cases

• retaining wall with anchors

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special cases

• wire baskets filled with stones or earth in
  geotextile

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special cases

• wall from eath, wire and geotextile