451418607 Land Administration

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451-418/607 Land Administration
Tool 7 Capacity building and human resource
principles

• Ian Williamson

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Objectives

• To understand how LAS are
• built by people
• maintained by people and
• used by people
• To understand the concept of capacity (society,
  institutions and people)
• To understand how to incorporate these people
  components into LAS

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Resources

• Enemark and Williamson. 2004. Capacity building
  in land administration A conceptual approach.
  Survey Review 39639-650
• http//www.geom.unimelb.edu.au/research/SDI_resear
  ch/publications/Capacity20Building20(SurvReview0
  4).pdf
• See generally
• UN Development Program (UNDP)
• Annual Development Reports.
• (However, 2006 Report is 440pp and 8 Mb are we
  still communicating or is this just too long?)

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Exam questions

• Discuss the human resources needed in a case
  study country (other than your own) to take up
  spatial enablement of government. How do you
  think these resources can be supplied?
• Discuss the different dimensions of capacity by a
  case study of a developing country (other than
  your own) to run an effective LAS. What are the
  quickest and most effective ways of supplying
  this capacity?

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What is capacity building? Why is it important?
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What is capacity?
(UNDP, 1998)
Capacity can be defined as the ability of
individuals and organizational units to perform
functions effectively, efficiently and
sustainably

• Capacity is two dimensional
• Capacity Assessment
• Capacity Development

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What is capacity building?

• Capacity is the power of something the power of
  societies, institutions and individuals
• Capacity building is about increasing and
  ensuring the long term sustainability of this
  power
• Capacity building principles are core to land
  administration they are not an add on
• The tools also focus on private sector and
  professional organizations not just the public
  sector

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Capacity is related to governance

• LAPs and LAS require basic governance capacity.
• Diagnose governance capacity as part of the LAP
  and LAS design.

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Why is capacity building important?

• For land markets to function societies must
  understand the institution of property
• We argue that the cadastre must be the primary
  focus of a LAS as it identifies the spatial
  aspect of all the components of land.
• Thus the course is about building a cadastral
  institution a cadastre for short.

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Why is capacity building important?

• Look at the range of skills required to
  understand and work within the Land Management
  Paradigm
• Country analysis
• Land policy determination
• Four core LAS functions land tenure, value, use
  and development
• SDIs
• eGov and eCitizens

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Capacity in the four LAS functions is needed at
three levels

• For society at large
• For entities institutions, agencies and
  organisations
• For individuals and groups
• We tend to focus on the last two and forget the
  first.
• Modern LAS approach emphasises the social level,
  by building systems to incorporate people to land
  relationships.

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Support required for land markets
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How do we build capacity?
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Start by diagnosing the capacity needs of the
country or society

• Example Bathurst Statement
• Land administration frameworks will be forced to
  respond rapidly to unprecedented changes.
• Without information, a nation cannot make policy
  or undertake LAS.
• LAS must adapt continually to complex and
  emerging people to land relationships and to
  changes of the relationships between people and
  governments.
• Example Aguascalientes Statement
• Latin America and Caribbean region is lacking in
  experts to support sustainable land information
  infrastructures.

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What kind of country are we dealing with?

• Remember - context is important
• Use people and land as the starting point.
• Build LAS using appropriate tools the toolbox
• Each tool needs people resources.
• Each process in the local LAS needs people
  resources
• All stakeholders must be engaged

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What sort of educational programs are needed?

• Give professionals in modern land administration
  a broad suite of skills measurement, information
  management, land management etc.. (think about
  this course)

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What sort of educational programs are needed?
(cont)

• LAS design, construction and management require
  multidisciplinary capacities
• Technical measurement and computer sciences
  people
• People science people sociologists and
  anthropologists, organisation theorists,
  management theorists
• Political people who know how to negotiate,
  consult, inform, instruct
• Teachers who can transfer knowledge
• Others .

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Specialist education programs(examples)

• FIG surveying education database
• http//www.fig.net/sedb/
• At Melbourne, surveying is a primary Land
  Management Discipline it is not measuring land.

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Some institutions engaged in LAS and related
training

• International Institute for Geo-Information
  Science and Earth Observation ITC
• http//www.itc.nl/
• International Centre for Land Policy Studies and
  Training, Taiwan
• Munich University of Technology
• University of Melbourne

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Principles for building capacity in relation to
the cadastre

• Integrate the agencies and their processes with
  GIS information generally
• Integrate the agencies and their processes with
  land registries indeed make them the one
  agency.
• Ensure the agency makes the cadastre AVAILABLE
• Give the agency a betterment budget, especially
  to convert data to digital, then to improve the
  digital systems on a rolling 5-7 year basis. IT
  costs must be set at a of budget, and saved for
  upgrades.
• Betterment budget needs staff training component
  that delivers the human capacity.
• Cadastral agency needs a budget for providing the
  public with information about what it does and
  for getting peoples feedback. A primary purpose
  is ensuring people understand the value of
  cadastres.

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Do we need a phased or staged approach?

• Cadastre can be built in stages.
• First stage - eg for The Philippines will be
  paper maps.
• It can be built incrementally. All countries take
  an incremental approach, usually high value land
  first, then the rest. Some information then more.
  Some purposes then multi-purpose.
• High tech cadastre - eg for The Netherlands is
  integration of cadastral and large scale
  topographic map, and conversion of the cadastre
  into the Authentic register of land interests.

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New approaches for capacity building

• Modern LAS needs are not satisfied by merely
  training individuals.
• Capacity Building is a broader concept than just
  Human Resource Development since it includes an
  emphasis on the overall system, environment and
  context in which individuals, organizations and
  societies operate and interact.

http//www.fig.net/pub/figpub/pub34/figpub34.pdf
page 13.
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International trends

• High priority given to capacity development in
  land administration. Eg
• UN-HABITAT, GLTN and ITC 2007 meeting on
• Transparency in land administration A Capacity
  Building Agenda for Africa,
• Key transparency principles identified.
• Current trends within capacity development in
  land administration established.
• http//www.gltn.net/content/view/41/1/lang,en/