What do the FSU Seminoles call the elderly

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What do the FSU Seminoles call the elderly?
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UTexass Presidents Mansion
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Research at UTexas
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UTexas Dogs
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UTexas Graduate
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UTexas Driver
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UTexas Driver
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Kids of UTexas Grads
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UTexas Repairmen
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Sign at UTexas
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UTexas Tailgating
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UTexas Tailgating
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How to get tickets for a Gator game
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Are cats too tough for bedbugs?
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Are Bed bugs too tough for Cats?Cat after bedbug
attack!
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CNN Bed Bug Video
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Species of Bugs

• Cimex hemipterus, Tropical bed bug
• Moderately excavated

Cimex lectularius, Bed bug Deeply excavated
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Bed Bug vs Bat Bug
Bat Bug, Cimex pipistrella
Bed bug, Cimex lectularius
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Bed Bug Development

• Gradual Metamorphosis
• Eggs
• 1 mm long, whitish
• Sticky, attached to surfaces
• Laid in loose groups, 200 per female
• Nymphs
• 5 instars
• As small as 1 mm long
• Tan almost transparent in color
• At least 1 blood meal per instar

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Adults

• Temperature affects life-span
• At 37 C, females live an average of 32 days
  while males live an average of 29 days
• At 10 C, females live an average of 425 days
  while males live an average of 401 days
• Females can lay between 200 and 500 eggs in their
  lifetime
• (Johnson 1942, Usinger 1966)

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Bed Bug Life Cycle?Total time 32-48 days
3-12 min feeding
3-12 min feeding
3rd Instar 2.08 mg (2.18 ul) (4-5 x body wt)
2nd Instar 0.96 mg (1.01 ul) (4-5 x body wt)
4th Instar 4.11 mg (4.32 ul) (4-5 x body wt)
3-12 min feeding
3-12 min feeding
Adult Female 7.81 mg (8.20 ul) (2 x body wt)
Adult Male 2.37 mg (2.49 ul) (1.5 x body wt)
Adult longevity 1 month 550 days without a
blood meal
1st Instar 0.34 mg (0.36 ul) (3-4 x body wt)
3-12 min feeding
3-12 min feeding
Hatch in 7-12 days
5th Instar 7.09 mg (7.44 ul) (2-6 x body wt)
Laid in batches of 10-50 eggs 200-500 eggs total
Eggs 1 mm long
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Bed bug nymph feeding!!
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Engorged!
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With this Info

• Approximately 750,000 bed bugs, feeding
  simultaneously will drain an average adult.

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And we can further infer
Roughly 375K bed bugs can change a person from
this
To this
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Bed Bug Gut
Crop
Proventriculus
Expandable Midgut
Malpighian tubules
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Bites

• Bed bugs prefer to bite by not crawling onto host
• Painless, red papules, often in rows
• 1st bite requires 10-14 days for immune reaction,
  later bites react faster

Rows of bites
Same Pattern
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Medical Importance of Bed Bug Bites

• Sometimes no reaction
• Most commonly small inflamed pruritic bumps that
  resolve in 1-2 wk
• Allergic reaction skin reaction resulting in
  urticaria (hives) evolving into fluid-filled
  rashes,
• Complicated by secondary bacterial infections.
• Rarely, asthma occurs and may be accompanied by
  more extensive urticaria and anaphylaxis
• No documentation of disease transmission
• gt20 pathogens have been found in bed bug guts
• No evidence of bed bugs spreading HIV or any
  other disease

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Other Potential Hosts

• Chickens
• Pigeons
• Cats
• Dogs
• Rodents

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How do we feed them in the lab?
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½ of the blood ingested is lost by defecation
within 5 hours.
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Movement

• Quick movers
• Adults can crawl about 4 ft/minute
• Nymphs can crawl about 1 ft/minute

2½ minutes for an adult to make it from a TV
stand to the pillow
10 minutes for a nymph
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Close up of Bed Bug Leg

• Adapted for crawling.
• Claw used for gripping rough surfaces or for
  gripping host to insert mouthparts.

Tarsi
Claw
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Leg of Cockroach

• Adapted for running and climbing.
• Claws for traction.
• Pads for climbing smooth surfaces.

Pads
Tarsi
Claws
Pads
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Cockroach
Bed bug
Site for pesticide absorption
None here
Cant climb smooth surfaces.
Pads vs. No Pads
Easily climbs smooth surfaces.
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Activity of the bed bug
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How does this insect behavior make Gator fans
more susceptible to bed bug bites?
VS
VS
January 8th, 2007 Glendale, Arizona
April 3rd, 2006 Indianapolis, IN
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Primarily Nocturnal Activity

• Start activity around
• 730 pm

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Primarily Nocturnal Activity

• Sharp rise in activity from 800 pm to midnight
  and later.

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Primarily Nocturnal Activity

• Peak activity at
• 430 am

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Primarily Nocturnal Activity

• Sharp decline in activity after 700 am

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What makes them active?

• Hunger
• search for host until one is found
• Most likely follow CO2 or heat
• Cannot detect a host beyond 5 feet.
• Attractants are being developed

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Bed Bug Aggregations

• Aggregate (Usinger 1966)
• Cracks and crevices (Usinger 1966, Pinto 2007)
• Bed bug aggregations are chemically mediated by
  pheromones (Usinger 1966, Siljander et al. 2007)

Pictures courtesy of Rick Cooper, Cooper Pest
Solutions
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Drywall Screw Bed Bug Aggregation
15 bed bug nymphs in slots of drywall screw
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Aggregations

• Possible Advantages
• Safe harborages (Lorenzo and Lazzari 1996)
• Mate-finding (Pinto et al. 2007)
• Resist desiccation (Benoit et al. 2007)

• Possible Disadvantages
• (Wertheim et al. 2005)
• Competition
• Natural predators
• Overuse of resources
• Inbreeding

• Specific life stage that disperses

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Bed Bug Dispersal

• Disperse on belongings
• (Usinger 1966, Pinto et al. 2007)
• If they are dispersing, they are alone, not
  aggregated
• Why do they disperse from aggregations?

Luggage with bed bug eggs
Picture courtesy Rick Cooper, Cooper Pest
Solutions
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Mating Behavior

• Traumatic insemination- Males reproductive organ
  actually pierces the cuticle of the females
  abdomen and injects sperm through the wound,
  outside of the reproductive tract (Usinger 1966)

Picture from Stutt and Siva-Jothy 2001
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Problems caused by Bedbugs

• Nuisance
• Sleepless nights
• Inflamed skin lesions
• Stained sheets and mattresses
• Psychological stress from infested environment

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Bed Bug Places

• Apartments, condos, houses
• Hotels, motels, restaurants
• Schools, universities, colleges
• Halfway houses
• Homeless shelters
• Correctional facilities
• Hospitals
• Nursing homes
• Subways, busses, taxis
• Discarded mattresses furniture
• Movie theaters

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Bed Bug Places
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Canine Bed Bug Detection
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Can cats be huge pests?
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Punk Cats
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Is this the best method of control?