Athletic Taping Workshop York Region District School Board Professional Development

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Athletic Taping WorkshopYork Region District
School Board Professional Development

• Health Physical Education
• Richmond Green High School

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Introduction

• Ron OHare
• BSc (PT), BPHE, Cert. Sports Physiotherapy
• Marnie McRoberts
• BA (KinPE), BAHSc (AT), CAT(C)

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Topics (to be covered)

• Athletic Injuries
• The Emergency Action Plan
• Basic First Aid
• Injury Prevention
• Hydration
• Common Athletic Injuries
• Athletic Injury Support Techniques
• Taping Techniques
• Practice
• Q A

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DISCLAIMER

• It is recommended that all coaches acquire first
  aid certification.
• The following information should be used only to
  accompany information provided in a certifiable
  first aid course.
• This is not a certification course for first aid
  or athletic taping techniques.

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ATHLETIC INJURIES
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Introduction to Athletic Injuries

• Classification of Injuries
• Acute Injuries Have a known mechanism and are
  of sudden onset signs and symptoms usually
  surface immediately or shortly after the injury.
• Chronic Injuries Have a gradual onset and long
  duration. Often the person does not recall a
  specific mechanism of injury, and injury results
  from an accumulation or repetitive stress over
  time.

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EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
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The Emergency Action Plan

• What is it? (See Handouts)
• An EAP is a card that fits in your kit or fanny
  pack, containing the following information
• Location of the team / playing surface
• Location and number of nearest phone
• Phone number of local ambulance and hospital
• Directions from nearest intersection to the
  playing surface
• Access route to teams location (detailed info!)
• Directions from playing surface to nearest
  hospital
• Map (route must be highlighted / alternate access
  routes)

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The Emergency Action Plan

• Developing the Plan
• Obtain player medical histories
• Past history of concussions, etc.
• Signed by parent
• Fully stock your first aid kit / fanny pack
• Maintain equipment
• Be aware of your location
• Emergency access points
• Obstacles, etc.
• Keep skills up to date
• Create emergency plan on paper

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BASIC FIRST AID
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Basic First Aid

• When to Call 911
• Athlete is unconscious at any time (this athlete
  is placed on his side if not a suspected
  spinal,etc)
• Athlete is having trouble breathing, or breathing
  has stopped
• Athlete is dizzy or light-headed
• Athlete has bleeding that will not stop
• Athlete has pain or pressure in the abdomen
• Athlete vomits, passes, or coughs blood
• Athlete has fallen from a height
• Athlete has possible head, neck, or back injuries

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Basic First Aid

• When to Call 911 (contd)
• Athlete has lost sensation or cannot move
  extremities
• Athlete has seizures, regardless of history
• Athlete has been poisoned
• Athlete has chest pain or heartbeat has stopped
• The amount of care necessary is beyond your
  ability
• Athlete has broken bones, false movement, or
  crepitus (crunching felt on palpation)
• Athlete has slurred speech
• Athlete has difficulty remembering things
• Athlete has loss of pulse in an extemity

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Basic First Aid

• In Case of Emergency (Basics)
• Ensure safety for yourself and any bystanders.
• Gain access to the casualty.
• Determine any threats to the casualtys life.
• Summon more advanced medical personnel as needed.
• Provide needed care for the casualty.
• Assist advanced medical personnel as needed.

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Basic First Aid

• Survey the Scene
• When you approach a situation, first and
  foremost, you must make sure it is safe for you.
  As the charge person, you likely witnessed the
  mechanism of injury. If you approach the
  situation after the mechanism, what you observe
  about and around the scene can give you a lot of
  information.
• Hazards in the sports setting include more than
  just fire, wire, gas, and glass. Other concerns
  include weather (lightning), playing surface
  (ice, wet field), fans, stoppage of play, and
  equipment (pucks, etc).

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Basic First Aid

• Determine Unresponsiveness
• Once you have ascertained the scene is safe for
  you to approach, you must determine whether the
  athlete is conscious or not.
• Conscious Proceed with primary survey
• Unconscious Activate your EAP, then begin
  primary survey
• Primary Survey
• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation

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Basic First Aid

• Secondary Survey
• Interview
• S signs / symptoms
• A allergies
• M medications
• P past medical history
• L last oral intake (includes meals, fluids,
  meds, etc)
• E events leading up to the incident (up to last
  24 hours)

• Vital Signs
• Level of consciousness
• Pulse (rate and quality)
• Skin temp and colour
• Blood pressure
• Pupil response
• Head to Toe Examination
• Abrasions
• Bruising
• Crepitus
• Deformity
• Effusion
• Fracture

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INJURY PREVENTION
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Injury Prevention

• Pre-season medicals and player screening
• Medical release forms
• Listing and documenting previous injuries or
  illnesses
• Allergies
• Transferring this information to a PMR (player
  medical record)
• Training and conditioning of athletes
• Assess strength and flexibility levels based on
  the sport they are participating in
• Design proper warm-up and cool down for the
  activity
• Nutritional counseling of athletes and developing
  the pre game meal
• Selecting proper equipment and ensuring proper
  fit of equipment
• Pre-season check of equipment, replacing any
  damaged or faulty equipment
• Players in the right equipment for the demands of
  their activity (ie. Footwear)
• Reducing and controlling environmental hazards
• Regular checks of the playing field for problems
• Proper clothing for weather
• Decision on whether event will take place based
  on weather
• Psychological stress

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HYDRATION
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Hydration

• Athletes should be well hydrated before training
  or competition and they should also drink enough
  fluid during and after to balance fluid losses.

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Hydration

• Hydration Schedule
• Evening prior to game 2-3cups of cool water
• 2 hours prior to game 2-3cups of cool water
• 30min prior to game 2 cups of cool water
• 5-10min prior to game 1 cup of sports drink

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Hydration

• Post-Activity Re-Hydration
• Rehydration is essential at this time. An athlete
  should drink well beyond the point of thirst in
  order to rehydrate. It is suggested that an
  athlete drink 24oz of fluid for every pound lost
  during exercise. This is important to remember
  during training as well as games.
• Chocolate milk

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Hydration

• Hydration Management Chart

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COMMON ATHLETIC INJURIES
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Common Athletic Injuries

• CONTACT SPORTS
• Football
• Hockey
• Rugby
• Lacrosse

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Common Athletic Injuries

• NON-CONTACT SPORTS
• Team Sports
• Soccer
• Basketball
• Volleyball
• Field Hockey
• Swimming
• Baseball
• Cheerleading
• Raquet Sports
• Tennis
• Badminton
• Squash

• Individual Sports
• Track and Field
• Cross Country
• Wrestling
• Golf
• Figure Skating
• Skiing / Snowboarding
• Weight Lifting

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Contact Sports FOOTBALL

• Common Injuries
• Concussions
• Inversion ankle sprains
• Sprained wrist
• Sprained thumb
• AC joint separation
• Turf toe
• Sprained finger
• Quad contusion
• Hamstring contusion
• GH Subluxation / Dislocation
• Blisters
• Knee ligament injuries

• Common Taping Techniques
• Ankle Taping
• Wrist Taping
• Thumb Spica Taping
• AC Joint RTS Taping
• Turf Toe Taping
• Finger Taping
• Quad Tensor Wrap
• Hamstring Tensor Wrap
• Shoulder Spica Tensor Wrap
• Second Skin

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Contact Sports HOCKEY

• Common Injuries
• Concussions
• Skate Bite / Lace Bite
• Blisters
• Hip Flexor Strain
• Groin / Adductor Strain
• Contusions
• Lacerations
• Rib Contusions / Fractures

• Common Taping Techniques
• Padding
• Second Skin
• Hip Flexor Tensor Wrap
• Adductor/Groin Tensor Wrap
• Steri Strip Closures

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Contact Sports RUGBY

• Common Taping Techniques
• Padding
• Second Skin
• Steri Strips
• Ankle Taping
• Quad Tensor Wrap
• Shoulder Spica Tensor Wrap
• Adductor / Groin Tensor Wrap

• Common Injuries
• Concussions
• Contusions
• Blisters
• Lacerations
• Inversion ankle sprains
• Quad Contusions
• GH Subluxations / Dislocations
• Groin / Adductor Strains
• Knee ligament injuries

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Contact Sports LACROSSE

• Common Injuries
• Contusions
• Quad Strains/Contusions
• Hamstring Strains
• Inversion ankle sprains
• Lacerations
• Blisters
• Knee ligament injuries

• Common Taping Techniques
• Padding
• Quad Tensor Wrap
• Hamstring Tensor Wrap
• Ankle taping
• Steri Strips
• Second Skin

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Team Sports

• Common Injuries
• Soccer
• Inversion ankle sprains, Contusions, Quad
  Strains, Hamstring Strains, Hip Flexor Strains,
  Groin/Adductor Strains, Blisters, Knee ligament
  injuries / meniscus injuries
• Basketball
• Inversion ankle sprains, Hip Flexor Strains,
  Hamstring Strains, Knee ligament injuries /
  meniscus injuries, Elbow injuries
• Volleyball
• Inversion ankle sprains, finger sprains,
  contusions
• Field Hockey
• Contusions
• Swimming
• Chronic overuse injuries rotator cuff muscles,
  pecs, lats, rhomboids
• Baseball
• Chronic overuse injuries rotator cuff muscles,
  biceps, triceps, pecs
• Cheerleading
• Inversion ankle sprains, contusions, adductor /
  groin strains, hamstring strains

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Team Sports

• Common Taping Techniques
• Soccer
• Ankle taping, Padding, Quad tensor wrap,
  Hamstring tensor wrap, hip flexor tensor wrap,
  adductor/groin tensor wrap, second skin
• Basketball
• Ankle taping, Hip flexor tensor wrap, Hamstring
  tensor wrap
• Volleyball
• Ankle taping, Finger taping, Padding
• Field Hockey
• Padding (contusions)
• Swimming
• Baseball
• GH tensor wrap
• Cheerleading
• Ankle taping, Padding, Adductor/Groin tensor
  wrap, Hamstring tensor wrap

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Racquet Sports

• Common Injuries
• Tennis
• Tennis elbow, wrist sprains, forearm strains,
  rotator cuff strains, inversion ankle sprains,
  achilles tendon injuries
• Badminton
• Tennis elbow, wrist sprains, forearm strains,
  rotator cuff strains
• Squash
• Tennis elbow, wrist sprains, forearm strains,
  rotator cuff strains, inversion ankle sprains,
  achilles tendon injuries, contusions

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Racquet Sports

• Common Taping Techniques
• Tennis
• Wrist taping, thumb spica taping, ankle taping
• Badminton
• Wrist taping, thumb spica taping, ankle taping
• Squash
• Wrist taping, thumb spica taping, ankle taping

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Individual Sports

• Common Injuries
• Track and Field
• Chronic overuse muscle injuries (shin splints,
  quad strains, hamstring strains, hip flexor
  strains, groin / adductor strains, gastroc/soleus
  strains, meniscus injuries, foot injuries)
• Acute injuries (quad strains, hamstring strains,
  achilles tendon injuries, meniscus injuries,
  inversion ankle sprains)
• Cross Country
• Chronic overuse muscle injuries (shin splints,
  quad strains, hamstring strains, gastroc/soleus
  strains, foot injuries)
• Wrestling
• Caluliflower ear, neck muscle strains, rotator
  cuff muscle strains, thoracic outlet
• Golf
• Chronic overuse muscle injuries (hip flexor
  strains, rotator cuff muscle strains, QL strains,
  back muscle strains)

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Individual Sports

• Common Taping Techniques
• Track and Field
• Anterior / posterior compartment shin splint
  taping, quad tensor wrap, hamstring tensor wrap,
  hip flexor tensor wrap, groin / adductor tensor
  wrap, ankle taping
• Cross Country
• Anterior / posterior compartment shin splint
  taping, quad tensor wrap, hamstring tensor wrap
• Wrestling
• Golf

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ATHLETIC INJURY SUPPORT TECHNIQUES
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The Purpose of Athletic Injury Support Techniques

• To prevent an injury from occurring
  (prophylactic).
• To protect an injury which has occurred
  (rehabilitative).
• To protect an injury which is healing and assist
  an athlete with potentially faster return to
  sport (functional).

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Indications for Athletic Taping

• Tape may be applied for the following reasons
• Support and stability
• Immediate first aid
• To secure a pad or brace
• To prevent injury
• To restrict the angle of pull
• Psychological assistance

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Principles of Taping

• When applying tape follow the contours of the
  individual. Smooth and mould the tape, as it is
  lad on the skin. This will take some practice.
  Provide a constant tension on the roll of tape to
  help eliminate wrinkles.
• Make sure that the structure to be taped is in a
  functional position, but also in a position that
  will not stress the injured or rehabilitated
  structure.
• When taping over a muscle or tendon make sure the
  athlete contracts.

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Principles of Taping

• When applying tape, overlap the strips by at
  least one half the width of the tape to eliminate
  pinching or blisters.
• Be very careful not to cut off circulation with
  tape strips. Communicate with the athlete during
  the tape procedure and loosen strips as
  necessary. This can be vary depending on the
  individual. Tape should never be applied
  continuously. Make one turn at a time, and make
  sure that each encirclement be torn to overlap
  the starting end by approximately one inch.
• Always retest your athlete, especially in the
  movement that will stress the injured or
  protected structure. Then test the athlete in a
  functional position.

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Contraindications / Precautions to Taping

• Do Not Apply Tape If
• Injuries that require more support that tape can
  provide.
• When taping excessively restricts the ROM of a
  joint predisposing the athlete to further injury.
• Inflammation.
• Taping over a laceration, abrasions, blisters.
• Allergic reactions to tape or adherents and
  bandaids.

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Skin Preparation

• Skin should be shaved, washed and dried.
• Minor cuts and blisters should be cleaned and
  covered.
• Areas that are sensitive (like Achilles, nipples,
  etc) should be covered with a gauze or heel and
  lace pad).
• Spray the area with Tufskin (adhesive spray).
  Make sure the athlete is not allergic to Tufskin.
• Be careful when constantly applying tape, such as
  at a training camp or two a days. You may have
  to use underwrap to prevent skin irritation but
  you will also lose some support.

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Taping Techniques
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AC Joint RTS Taping

• Use of this technique
• This taping technique will give the AC joint a
  little more stability.
• This is used on chronic conditions, or after the
  AC joint has healed from a sprain (return to
  sport).
• Supplies Needed
• Hypafix, leukotape, foam padding
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Fall on outstretched arm, contact sports blow
  to top of shoulder (shoulder depression)

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AC Joint RTS Taping

• Taping Instructions
• Measure the hypafix from the pecs to just over
  the shoulder and down to the spine of the
  scapula.
• The AC joint must be under the tape but just
  barely, you are more on the clavicle.
• Measure out some strips of leukotape they
  should be just under the length of the hypafix.
• Apply to the tip of the clavicle and put pressure
  downwards on the clavicle.
• Add two more strips making an X the second
  strip should be more over the AC joint while the
  last strip will be again more over the clavicle.
• The athlete should inhale while you are applying
  the X to take out more stretch.
• (You can wear it all day.)

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AC Joint RTS Taping
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Thumb Spica Taping

• Use of this technique
• To support and restrict ROM in the MCP joint of
  the first ray (thumb).
• Can be used after a sprain for return to sport.
• Supplies Needed
• Zinc oxide, tufskin, (ultralite)
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Jammed thumb (ball), fall on hand
  (hyperflexion/extension).

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Thumb Spica Taping

• Taping Instructions
• Apply an anchor strip of zinc around the wrist.
  Start at the ulnar styloid process and cross the
  dorsum of the wrist and encircle the wrist.
• Apply the first of three support strips for the
  1st MCP joint. Starting at the ulnar styloid
  process, encircle the thumb, proceed across the
  palmar aspect of the hand and finish at the ulnar
  styloid process.
• Repeat step 2 twice.
• Apply a final anchor strip around the wrist.

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Thumb Spica Taping
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Wrist Taping

• Use of this technique
• To support and limit movement at the radiocarpal
  and midcarpal joints.
• This is more of a return to sport taping.
• Supplies Needed
• Zinc oxide, tufskin
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Fall on outstretched hand, contusions, chronic
  overuse injuries (carpal tunnel, etc).

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Wrist Taping

• Taping Instructions
• Spray the wrist with tufskin.
• Apply a band of zinc oxide around the distal
  radioulnar joint (overlapping the radiocarpal
  joint).
• Overlap the above piece by one half moving
  distally.
• Place the wrist in the opposite direction of the
  painful range of motion.
• If the opposite actions are painful then tape in
  neutral or in the opposite direction of the most
  painful / limiting range.
• Using half strips of zinc oxide tape go once
  around the radius and ulna.
• Continue moving diagonally and distally.
• Go back around and then go back proximally thus
  making an X across the radiocarpal joint.

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Wrist Taping
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Ankle Taping

• Use of this technique
• To support and stabilize the ankle joint for
  INVERSION sprains.
• Supplies Needed
• Heel and lace pads, pre-wrap, zinc oxide
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Inversion sprains (rolled ankle)

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Ankle Taping

• Taping Instructions
• Before you begin taping, apply heel and lace pads
  at high friction areas one at the distal aspect
  of the achilles tendon, the other at the dorsal
  aspect of the ankle joint. Additionally, apply
  pre-wrap to secure the two heel and lace pads in
  place and reduce skin irritation. It is critical
  that the foot remain at a 90 degree angle for
  this procedure.
• With the zinc oxide tape, apply an anchor strip
  around the lower leg at approximately the
  musculotendon junction of the gastrocnemius.
  Since the leg at this site is not cylindrically
  shaped the tape must be angled slightly to
  conform to the leg.

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Ankle Taping

• Apply an additional anchor at the instep.
  Remember that excessive tension on the 5th
  metatarsal could cause pain on weight bearing.
• Apply the first of three stirrup strips.
  Beginning on the medial aspect of the upper
  anchor, this stirrup continues down the inside of
  the leg, over the medial malleolus, across the
  plantar aspect of the foot, over the lateral
  malleolus, up the lateral aspect of the leg, and
  ends at the lateral aspect of the upper anchor.
  Proper tension must be applied to cause some
  eversion of the foot, thus helping to reduce
  inversion.

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Ankle Taping

• Apply the first of threehorseshoe strips. The
  first horizontal strip is started on the medial
  aspect of the foot, continues toward the heel and
  below the medial malleolus, crosses the achilles
  tendon below the lateral malleolus, and ends on
  the lateral aspect of the foot.
• Repeat steps 4 and 5 twice, overlapping the
  tape one-half its width. These interlocking
  strips should provide additional support for this
  technique. The completed portion of this closed
  basket weave has sets of interlocking stirrups
  and horseshoe strips. Apply a proximal anchor
  for support. For proper adherence, apply
  compression to the tape so that the tape conforms
  to the body part.

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Ankle Taping

• Apply the first heel lock strip. Begin on the
  anterior portion of the upper anchor. This
  lateral heel lock will continue down the outside
  of the leg, crossing the achilles tendon, around
  the medial aspect of the heel, angling underneath
  the foot, and moving up the lateral aspect of the
  leg. Proper tension must be applied to insure
  stabilization of the calcaneus.
• Apply the second heel lock strip. Begin on the
  anterior portion of the upper anchor. This
  medial heel lock will continue down the inside of
  the leg, crossing the achilles tendon, around the
  lateral aspect of the heel, angling underneath
  the foot, and moving up the medial aspect of the
  leg.

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Ankle Taping

• A figure of eight is applied next. Starting on
  the dorsal aspect of the foot, move medially down
  the inside of the foot, across the plantar
  portion, up the outside of the foot to the
  starting point. Continuation of the tape will
  proceed medially around the lower leg crossing
  the achilles tendon, and finishing at the origin
  of this figure of eight technique. By encircling
  the foot and lower leg, this technique will
  assist in dorsal flexion and eversion.
• Final closure strips are then applied. Begin
  proximally and work distally. From the upper
  anchor, apply individual circular strips around
  the extremity to cover tape ends. Make sure you
  overlap the tape approximately one-half its width
  on each strip.

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Ankle Taping
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Turf Toe Taping

• Use of this technique
• This taping supports the ligaments of the MTP
  joints and protects the articular surfaces.
• Supplies Needed
• Zinc oxide, tufskin
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Sudden stop
• The foot slides forward in the shoe
• Resulting in compression of the MTP joint and
  severe dosiflexion of the great toe.
• Most common in the following sports
• Most prevalent with athletes competing on
  artificial turf.

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Turf Toe Taping

• Taping Instructions
• Patient Position
• The athlete is long sitting on the bed with the
  MTP joint in slight flexion.
• Begin with an anchor strip around the transverse
  arch of the foot. Another anchor should be
  placed around the great toe just below the level
  of the nail. Be very careful not to put too much
  tension on this anchor thus causing a tourniquet
  effect.
• Place a longitudinal strip from distal anchor to
  proximal anchor crossing the medial aspect of the
  MTP joint.
• Place two diagonal trips across the joint on the
  plantar surface and two diagonal strips on the
  dorsal surface ensuring that the X these strips
  make lies on top of the MTP joint.
• Finish with an anchor around the great toe and
  another around the transverse arch overlapping by
  half a tape width.

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Turf Toe Taping
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Achilles Tendon Taping

• Use of this technique
• To limit range of dorsiflexion and decrease
  tension on the achilles tendon.
• Used for chronic conditions, or return to sport
  post-injury.
• Supplies Needed
• Elastic tape, tufskin, zinc oxide, heel and lace
  pads
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Acute Sprinting, jumping (eccentric
  contraction).
• Chronic Tendonitis, chronic strains.

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Achilles Tendon Taping

• Taping Instructions
• Position Ankle placed in plantar flexion and
  knee in slight flexion.
• Apply two anchors using 3 elastic tape. The
  proximal anchor should be applied on the proximal
  aspect of the gastrocnemius. The distal anchor
  should be applied around the heads of the
  metatarsals (ball of the foot). It is preferred
  that this circular strip begins on the dorsal
  aspect, goes laterally, continues across the
  plantar aspect, to medial side of the foot, and
  crossing the tape ends.
• Using 3 elastic tape, measure on the posterior
  aspect the distance between the proximal and
  distal anchors. This will be the length required
  for your support strips. The first support strip
  of elastic tape is applied, going from the
  proximal to the distal anchor. Upon application,
  full tension should be applied to the tape ends.
  You will note that the slight knee flexion and
  plantar flexion is maintained so that there is a
  small degree of tension across the first support
  strip.

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Achilles Tendon Taping

• Additional strips of support are applied in an
  angular fashion to cover the posterior aspect of
  the lower leg and the plantar aspect of the foot.
  For proper adherence, apply compression to the
  tape so that the tape conforms to the body parts.
• (Using 3 elastic tape, close up the procedure by
  overlapping the tape by one-half its width on
  each revolution.)
• Secure the elastic tape ends with anchors of zinc
  oxide tape.

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Achilles Taping
68
Anterior / Posterior Compartment Shin Splints

• Use of this technique
• To decrease pain and tension on
  anterior/posterior shin muscles.
• Used on chronic conditions.
• Supplies Needed
• Tufskin, ultralite, zinc oxide, foam padding
  strip
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Overuse (prolonged running, biking, skating, etc)
• Biomechanics
• Training techniques

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Anterior / Posterior Compartment Shin Splints

• Taping Instructions
• Place a strip of thin foam padding over affected
  area.
• Apply an adhesive tape strip. Begin the tape one
  to two inches below the distal end of the felt
  pad, proceed laterally, cross the achilles tendon
  an pull the tape and felt back against the tibia.
  Tear the tape.
• Apply four to six additional overlapping adhesive
  tape strips as applied in step 2.
• NOTE Instructions are for pain on the medial
  aspect of the tibia. For pain on the lateral
  side of the tibia, pull the tape in the opposite
  direction.

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Anterior / Posterior Compartment Shin Splints
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Finger Taping

• Use of this technique
• To provide support and prevent re-injury of MCP
  and IP joints.
• Supplies Needed
• Zinc oxide (1/2 strip)
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Jammed finger, sprains, return to sport
  post-fracture.

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Finger Taping

• Taping Instructions
• Apply ½ adhesive tape around the proximal and
  distal aspects of the affected and adjacent
  phalanges. This technique is known as buddy
  taping.

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Finger Taping
74
Principles of Tensors

• The purpose of a tensor (if used alone) is for
  compression or mild support.
• When using padding, support and compression are
  increased.
• Always apply the tensor from distal (away from
  the torso) to proximal (towards the torso).
• Always check circulation after application.
• Never end the bandage on the inside.
• Wash the tensors frequently and between athletes.

75
Shoulder Spica Tensor Wrap

• Use of this technique
• To be used for post-shoulder dislocations (return
  to sport post-rehab).
• Supplies Needed
• Double 6 tensor, ultralite, zinc oxide tape
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Fall on outstretched arm, reaching out for a
  tackle, contact.

76
Shoulder Spica Tensor Wrap

• Wrapping Instructions
• Position the arm by internally rotating the arm
  behind the athletes back, as if their hand were
  in their back pocket.
• Have the athlete sitting.
• Anchor around the biceps making sure you start on
  the outside of the arm, wrapping inwards under
  the armpit then carry outwards and around the
  arm.
• The wrap should now continue across the chest,
  under the opposite arm and then transverse
  upwards around the affected shoulder again.
• Repeat this procedure then clip the tensor at the
  arm.
• Cover with one layer of ultralite tape, and close
  off with a strip of zinc oxide to hold down the
  tape end.

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Shoulder Spica Tensor Wrap
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Cervical Arm Sling

• Use of this technique
• This technique is designed to support the
  forearm, wrist, and hand immediately after an
  acute injury.
• Supplies Needed
• Triangular bandage
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Various mechanisms

79
Cervical Arm Sling

• Wrapping Instructions
• The athlete stands with the affected arm bent at
  approximately a 70 degree angle.
• Position the triangular bandage under the injured
  arm with the apex facing the elbow.
• Carry the end of the triangle nearest the body
  over the shoulder of the uninjured arm.
• Pull the loose end over the shoulder of the
  injured side.
• Tie the two ends of the bandage in a square knot
  behind the neck. For sake of comfort, the knot
  should be on either side of the neck, not
  directly in the middle.
• Bring the apex of the triangle around the front
  of the elbow and fasten.

80
Cervical Arm Sling
81
Hip Flexor Tensor Wrap

• Use of this technique
• To limit range of hip extension.
• To support hip flexor muscles and prevent
  re-injury.
• Supplies Needed
• Double 6 tensor, ultralite, zinc oxide
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Overuse of hip flexor muscles, muscle strains

82
Hip Flexor Tensor Wrap

• Wrapping Instructions
• Patient Position
• Put involved leg forward and flex the hip at
  least 60 degrees (step up on something about the
  height of a roll of tape).
• Put tone into the leg by putting body weight in
  that leg.
• From the medial side, move the tensor laterally
  around the thigh then up and across the pelvis
  around the back using the crest of the pelvis
  as the landmark (tensor should not go above this)
  continue along this path until you have
  finished the tensor. Begin at the end of the
  tensor with two inch elastic tape and do three
  more revolutions.
• NOTE Pull the leg up into hip flexion. Be
  careful not to cut off circulation. Should
  create a herring bone over the pressure pad.

83
Hip Flexor Tensor Wrap
84
Groin/Adductor Tensor Wrap

• Use of this technique
• To limit range of abductor muscles.
• To support adductor muscles, and prevent
  re-injury.
• Supplies Needed
• Double 6 tensor, ultralite, zinc oxide
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Overuse of adductor muscles, muscle strains

85
Groin/Adductor Tensor Wrap

• Wrapping Instructions
• Patient Position
• Put involved leg forward and across the midline
  of the body.
• Position a lift under the heel.
• Put tone into the leg.
• From the lateral side, move the tensor medially
  around the thigh then across the pelvis around
  the back using the crest of the pelvis as the
  landmark (tensor should not go above this)
  continue along this path until you have finished
  the tensor. Begin at the end of the tensor with
  the elastic ultralite and continue with one more
  wrap around.
• NOTE Pull the leg into adduction and across the
  body. Be careful not to cut off circulation.
  Should create a herring bone over the pressure
  pad.

86
Groin/Adductor Tensor Wrap
87
Quad Tensor Wrap

• Use of this technique
• To support quadriceps muscles, and prevent
  re-injury.
• To compress and protect contusions.
• Supplies Needed
• Double 6 tensor, ultralite, zinc oxide, foam
  pressure pad.
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Quad strains and contusions.

88
Quad Tensor Wrap

• Wrapping Instructions
• Patient Position
• Feet shoulder width apart, injured leg anterior,
  weight bearing with the knee slightly flexed.
• Wrap from distal to proximal over the pressure
  pad, using a herring bone tensor wrap technique
  to completely cover the painful area. Using
  compression strips apply ¾ strips over the
  pressure pad. Complete the strip at the back
  with zinc oxide tape.
• NOTE While applying the compression strips,
  have the patient push into the tape so as not to
  throw off their balance.

89
Quad Contusion
90
Hamstring Tensor Wrap

• Use of this technique
• To support hamstrings, and prevent re-injury.
• To compress and protect contusions.
• Supplies Needed
• Double 6 tensor, ultralite, zinc oxide, foam
  pressure pad.
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Hamstring strains and contusions.

91
Hamstring Tensor Wrap

• Wrapping Instructions
• Patient Position
• Feet shoulder width apart, injured leg posterior
  with the heel pushing into the ground to put tone
  in the hamstring.
• Wrap from distal to proximal over the pressure
  pad, using a herring bone tensor wrap technique
  to completely cover the painful area. Using
  compression strips apply ¾ strips over the
  pressure pad. Complete the strip at the front
  with zinc oxide tape.
• NOTE While applying the compression strips,
  have the patient push into the tape so as not to
  throw off their balance.

92
Hamstring Tensor Wrap
93
Ankle Tensor Spica Wrap

• Use of this technique
• The ankle spica bandage is primarily used in
  sports for the compression of new injuries, as
  well as for holding wound dressings in place.
• Supplies Needed
• 2-3 tensor bandage, foam horseshoe pressure
  pad(s)
• Common Mechanisms of Injury
• Any injury to the ankle causing immediate
  swelling and acute pain.

94
Ankle Tensor Spica Wrap

• Wrapping Instructions
• Position the horseshoe pads one around the medial
  malleolus and one around the lateral malleolus.
• Anchor the bandage around the foot near the
  metatarsal arch.
• Bring the tensor across the medial instep and
  around the heel and return to the starting point.
• Repeat this step several times, with each
  succeeding revolution progressing upwards on the
  foot and ankle. Each revolution (spica) is
  overlapped by approximately half a bandage width
  of the preceding bandage.

95
Ankle Tensor Spica Wrap
96
Patellar Strap

• Use of this technique
• To decrease the tension on the sub-patellar
  tendon.
• Used to prevent pain caused by a tight quadriceps
  muscle, pain caused by osgoode-schlaters, and/or
  growth pains.
• Supplies Needed
• Pre-wrap

97
Patellar Strap

• Wrapping Instructions
• Have the athlete standing with the injured leg
  forward. The leg should be slightly bent at the
  knee, and should be bearing weight to create tone
  in the muscle.
• Position the prewrap so that the top edge is on
  the patellar tendon (below the patella).
• Roll the prewrap around the leg, approximately
  eight times.
• Tear the prewrap, and roll the bottom edge up
  towards the knee, creating a band.
• NOTE Tape is not required because the prewrap
  will stick to itself and hold once it has been
  rolled. Adjust the band (if necessary) so that
  it is positioned in the middle of the tendon.

98
Patellar Strap
99
Blisters
100
Skate Bite / Lace Bite
101
Contusions
102
Lacerations
103
Concussions
104
Questions??
105
Thank You!!

• Lifespring
• 2 Orchard Heights Boulevard, Suite 36
• Aurora, Ontario
• L4G 3W3

106
References

• Sheridan College, Bachelor of Applied Health
  Science in Athletic Therapy, Lecture Notes 2003
  2007.
• Wright, KE, Whitehill, WR, The Comprehensive
  Manual of Taping and Wrapping Techniques, Cramer
  Products Inc., USA, 1996.
• Cartwright, LA, Pitney, WA, Athletic Training for
  Student Assistants, Human Kinetics, USA, 1999.

107
Video Teaser

• Concussion Seminar Date TBD
• http//www.nata.org/consumer/headsup.htm