An emerging topic

1
3D Printing

• An emerging topic
• Groups 17/18

2
What is 3d Printing?

• Three-dimensional printing is a method of
  printing a virtual 3D model onto a 2-D object.
• 3D printers typically work by 'printing'
  successive layers on top of the previous layers
  to build up a three dimensional object.
• It is also used to create prototypes of parts to
  test their form, fit, and function with other
  parts in an assembly.
• 3D printing is a category of rapid prototyping
  technology.

3
YouTube Video

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v39VJP671LDY
• http//www.dimensionprinting.com/mv3dp/Dimension_3
  Dprinter3.mov

4
3D Printer
5
Different Types of 3D Printing

• Stereolithography
• Fused deposition modeling
• Selective laser sintering (SLS)

6
Stereolithography

• The Stereolithography software cuts the
  computer-aided-design (CAD) model into thin
  layers.
• A cylinder filled with liquid photosensitive
  resin positions itself just below the designated
  surface.
• An ultra violet laser beam directs the nozzle to
  a shape of slice.
• As the resin is poured to surface, it solidifies
  and sticks to the surface.
• The process continues till the desired shape is
  obtained.

7
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

• The nozzle is fed with plastic filament wound on
  a coil.
• The heated nozzle melts the plastic.
• The molten plastic is then deposited on a support
  platform and plastic gets harden immediately
  after deposition.

8
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

• The nozzle can move in horizontal and vertical
  directions.
• The molten plastic is deposited layer by layer to
  form a complete shape.
• Most common material used in FDM is ABS plastic
  (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene).

9
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

• A laser beam follows the shape on a platform
• The laser beam melts the powder and the piston
  below the platform lowers the formed layer so
  that the next layer is ready to form.
• The next formed layer is then sintered onto the
  previously formed layer.

10
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

• The process continues until the object is
  completely formed.
• It uses a different variety of material such as
  nylon, polycarbonate, and polyamide.

11
What can it be used for?

• Architecture
• Custom Designs
• Projects
• Robotics

12
What Can It Be Used For?

• Artistic Expression
• Entertainment- iPod casing
• Healthcare- CAT scans, MRIs, physical 3D models,
  generic and custom implants
• Education

13
What Can It Be Used For Architecture

• An architect can turn the plans for a building
  into a three-dimensional model and then print a
  scale model to help understand and communicate
  his design.

14
What Can It Be Used For Education

• An archaeologist can print duplicates of an
  important, but fragile, tool so that his/her
  students can hold it in their hands and better
  understand how it might have been used by an
  ancient civilization.
• A biochemist can print accurate models of DNA
  molecules, enlarged by many orders of magnitude,
  to help students and researchers better
  understand nature by engaging their hands, as
  well as their eyes, in comprehending the geometry
  of nature.

15
What Can It Be Used For Education
16
Pricing

• Desktop Factory is set to sell its first 3D
  printer for price of 4,995 sometime this year.
• Larger models that can create architectural
  models, range from 15,000 to 55,000
• Stereo lithography machines range from 180,000
  to 500,000

17
Competitive Advantage

• Allows designers and developers to go from flat
  screen to exact part
• Provides a faster, more accurate, and less costly
  alternative to machining
• Easy to manufacture and time saving.

18
Competitive Advantage

• Highly accurate and simple to handle patterns for
  casting
• Provides better analysis of products
• Better design decisions, faster development of
  products

19
Disadvantages

• Stair stepping - The finishing of the end product
  is not smooth
• High initial cost
• High hidden costs material cost
• Maintenance cost is about 10 of the machine

20
Industry Leaders

• 3D Systems www.3dsystems.com
• Stratasys www.stratasys.com
• Desktop Factory www.desktopfactory.com

21
Other Competitors

• NextEngine www.nextengine.com
• Z Corporation www.zcorp.com
• Great Eastern Technology www.get.com
• Minico Industries www.minicoindustries.com
• Dimensions www.dimensionprinting.com

22
Companies that use this technology
23
Is there Future for 3D Printing ???

• Great Idea, but many flaws needs to be worked out
• The appearance of the machine, no one will like a
  refrigerator in their office
• High Cost now, but getting lower, less than
  2,000 within the next few years

24
Is there Future for 3D Printing ???

• Clear industrial purpose
• Not well defined purpose on the consumer level
• Additive technology will reduce waist
• Great for Hobbyists with extra cash
• Potential for Small Businesses

25
Is there Future for 3D Printing ???

• 3D printing will make it possible for the average
  Joe to turn his scheming little mind full of
  ideas into actual prototypes, or maybe even his
  or her own personal business.
• Downing got his hands on one of these high
  technology bad boys he could open his own little
  OMIS souvenir shop and be a millionaire selling
  beautiful works of art like these

26
Is there Future for 3D Printing ???
27
Q A
28
Sources

• http//www.answers.com/topic/3d-printing?cattechn
  ology
• http//www.cnczone.com/forums/showthread.php?t264
  73
• http//www.answers.com/topic/3d-printing?cattechn
  ology
• http//www10.mcadcafe.com/link/display_detail.php?
  link_id17579
• http//people.moreheadstate.edu/students/rxpati02/
  files/research-iet600.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_printing
• http//www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/dec0702.pdf
  

29
Sources

• http//blog.ponoko.com/wpcontent/uploads/2007/10/r
  adar1.png
• http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3126625.stm
• http//www.wohlersassociates.com/SepOct05TCT3dp.ht
  m
• http//www.nytimes.com/2007/04/05/business/05scan.
  html?_r1orefslogin
• http//www.zcorp.com/documents/191_2007-1126-Proto
  typeDesign20the20Next20Generation.pdf