High Voltage Direct Current Power Systems

1
High Voltage Direct Current Power Systems

• By
• Greg Weitzel
• And
• Andrew White

2
Transmission

• Overhead Lines
• Towers
• Insulators
• Submarine Cables
• Australia-Tasmania Case

3

• Converting Stations
• Simple Converters/Inverters
• Controllers/Synchronizing
  Techniques
• Gotland HVDC System

4
Protection Systems

• HVDC Disturbances
• AC DC Filters
• HVDC Circuit Breakers
• Lightning Protection

5
Overhead Lines

• Cost effective at 500-800km
• Line Creepage
• Pollution Factor
• IEC 60815

6
Transmission Towers

• Less Load
• Conductor Breakage Consideration
• Cost Effectiveness

7
Insulators

• Cap and Pin
• Good Mechanical Strength
• Porcelain Long-Rod
• Self Cleaning
• Composite Long-Rod
• Competitive Price

8
Submarine Cables

• Cost effective at 70km
• Mass-impregnated Cable
• Depths up to 1000m
• Oil-filled Cable
• 70-100km lengths

9
Australia-TasmaniaHVDC

• 295km Submarine Cable
• 5.5 Total Power Loss
• 500MW Capacity

10
Simple Converters and Inverters

• Current Controlled source
• Voltage Controlled Source
• Thyristors
• and Triggering

11
Controllers and Synchronization

• Essential for Small Grid Connection
• Reducing Harmonic Instability problems

12
Gotland

• Wind Farms Power Island
• HVDC Light Technology is Now In Use
• HVDC is Used in Gotland to Stabilize Grid
• HVDC Submarine Cables are Used to Connect to
  Sweden

13
AC and DC Filters

• Eliminates Harmonics
• Active filters using semiconductors eliminate the
  harmonics.

14
HVDC Circuit Breakers

• HVDC Arc Chimney Breaker
• Arc Damage

15
Lightning Protection

• Large Over Voltages are Produced
• Surge Arrestors Used
• Low Resistance During Overvoltage
• High Resistance During Normal Operation

16
Costs
17
Itaipu

• 6300MW Power Rating
• 600kV DC
• Bi-polar HVDC
• Transmission Line Length of 800km

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Conclusion

• Major Advantages of HVDC
• No limits in transmitted distance. Valid for
  overhead lines as well as submarine cables
• HVDC can carry more power than AC can for a given
  cable
• Smaller environmental impact.
• Ability to interconnect asynchronous networks
• Can bring grid stability
• Bi-directional power flow

20
References

• 1 "High Voltage Direct Current Transmission
  Proven Technology for Power Exchange," Siemens,
  March 30, 2008 www.siemens.com/hvdc/downloads.
• 2 C. Adamson and N .G. Hingorani, High Voltage
  Direct Current Power Transmission, London,
  England Garraway Ltd, 1960.
• 3 Uhlmann, E. Power Transmission by Direct
  Current, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1975.
• 4 J. J. Price and T. H. Westerweller, "Crossing
  the Divide," Power Engineering Journal, vol. 20,
  issue 5, pp. 42-45, 2006.
• 5 Siemens PTD. (2006). Siemens Commissions HVDC
  Transmission Link Between Australia and Tasmania.
  Online. Available http//tdworld.com/news/SEIME
  NS-PTD-Austalia/
• 6 V. K. Sood, HVDC and FACTS Controllers
  Applications of Static Converters in Power
  Systems, Norwell, United States of America
  Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
• 7 S. Green, "HVDC Systems Gotland the HVDC
  Pioneer," Power Engineering International, July
  2004 http//pepei.pennnet.com/Articles/Article_Di
  splay.cfm?SectionCurriSubsectionDisplDiP17AR
  TICLE_ID208541KEYWORDgotlandxy
• 8 Gotland The First Commercial HVDC Light
  Project, ABB, March 27, 2008, http//www.abb.com/
  cawp/gad02181/c1256d71001e0037c1256a1400317eee.asp
  x
• 9 Gotland HVDC Light Project Brochure, ABB,
  March 30, 2008, http//search.abb.com/library/Down
  load.aspx?DocumentIDPOW-0034LanguageCodeenDocu
  mentPartIDActionLaunchIncludeExternalPublicLIn
  cludTrue
• 10 S. Sasaki, "Suppression of Abnormal
  Overvoltages on a Metallic Return HVDC Overhead
  Line/Cable Transmission System," in IEEE
  Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,
  1978, pp. 1925-1934.
• 11 B. Bachmann, "Development of a 500kV Airblas
  HVDC Circuit Breaker," IEEE Transactions on Power
  Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-104, No. 9, pp.
  2460 - 2466. September 1985.
• 12 "Itaipu, March 24, 2008 http//en.wikipedia
  .org/wiki/Itaipu