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Implementing DSS

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Title: Implementing DSS


1
Implementing DSS
  • Lectures By Dr. Adel S. Aldosary
  • for CRP 507, April 27,29, 2003

2
Agenda
  • Review Last Lecture
  • The Implementation Stage
  • System Conversion
  • Overcoming Resistance to Change

3
DSS Platform
  • DSS on the Central Corporate System
  • DSS with an Information Base on a Separate System
  • Client/Server Approach
  • DSS on a Stand-alone System

4
Implementation
  • the process of assuring that the information
    system is operational and then allowing users to
    take over its operation for use and evaluation
  • everything that takes place from the moment that
    systems developers determine that their system is
    technically ready to be placed in the hands of
    its intended users until those developers are
    free to move on to the next project

5
Activities in Implementation
  • obtaining and installing the DSS hardware
  • installing the DSS on the hardware
  • providing user access to the system
  • creating and updating the database
  • training the users on the new system
  • documenting the system
  • transferring responsibility
  • evaluating the operation and use of the system

6
System Conversion
  • Four basic conversion strategies
  • Direct Cutover
  • the entire organization stops using its old
    system and starts using the new one at the same
    time
  • Parallel Conversion
  • running both the old and the new systems and
    comparing their results

7
System Conversion
  • Pilot Conversion
  • introducing a system to a small part of the
    organization, expanding its use once it has been
    found to operate properly in that area
  • Phased Conversion
  • introducing a system in stages, one component or
    module at a time, waiting until that one is
    operating properly before introducing the next

8
Resistance to Change
  • deals with people (human factors)
  • three-stage approach
  • unfreezing
  • moving
  • refreezing

9
Unfreezing
  • creates the conditions and attitudes that are
    necessary before meaningful change can take place
  • creates a strong motivation for change
  • convinces the users that the new system can make
    the relevant aspect of their life easier

10
Moving
  • constitutes the change itself
  • the actual conversion, or cutover, from the old
    (perhaps manual) decision-making methods to the
    new DSS
  • must continue to monitor project progresses
    against plan during this moving stage
  • check project milestones
  • MIS staff members and users satisfaction

11
Refreezing
  • involves making the new system as much a part of
    the organizational fabric as the old one ever was
  • make sure that the users of the new systems have
    the necessary internal commitment to using the
    new system on an ongoing basis

12
DSS Implementation Issues
  • Technical Implementation Issues
  • unfamiliarity with this type of system
  • response time
  • reliability and availability
  • poor data quality
  • garbage in -- garbage out

13
DSS Implementation Issues
  • User-Related Implementation Issues
  • user and management support
  • unstable user community
  • response time
  • managing the expectation
  • training
  • availability of support
  • voluntary or mandatory use?

14
Adoption of IT Innovation
  • Rogers (1983) found five characteristics of an
    innovation which affect the rate of diffusion of
    an innovation
  • relative advantage
  • compatibility
  • complexity
  • observability
  • trialability

15
Information Systems Failure
  • only 16 of all SW projects were delivered on
    time and on budget
  • only 60 of the originally specified features
    were available in the end product
  • average time overruns -- 222
  • average costs overruns -- 189

16
Information Systems Failure
  • 193 million Denver Airport baggage-handling
    system
  • delayed the opening of the airport for 18 months
    at a cost of over 1 million a day
  • the reported 1 billion cost overrun faced by the
    Federal Aviation Administrations Advanced
    Automation System for air-traffic control
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