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9'1 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

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The chemical reaction in plants that occurs when sunlight is captured and ... Autotroph (producer): Gets energy from the Sun. Does photosynthesis & Cellular Resp. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: 9'1 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration


1
9.1Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
2
Intro What is Photosynthesis?
  • The chemical reaction in plants that occurs when
    sunlight is captured and converted to chemical
    energy.
  • The chemical energy is stored in an organic
    compound, glucose (a simple sugar).

3
Photosynthesis Overview
  • Def process by which plants, algae and some
    bacteria use sunlight, CO2 and H2O to produce
    sugar and oxygen.
  • 1st step Capture radiant energy (from the sun)
    and convert it to chemical energy.
  • 2nd step Use chemical energy to convert CO2 to
    glucose.
  • Takes place in the chloroplasts, using
    chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants.

4
EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
WATER
OXYGEN
6CO2
6H2O
ENERGY
C6H12O6
6O2
CARBON DIOXIDE
GLUCOSE
5
Plant pigments
  • Pigments are materials that absorb particular
    wavelengths of light and reflect others
  • Why do your eyes have a ___ color?
  • Why do most plants have a green color?
  • The pigment, chlorophyll,
  • absorbs sunlight and
  • energy is transferred to
  • electrons which boosts
  • them to a higher state.

6
After sunlight is captured by chlorophyll, what
happens next?
The Calvin Cycle
  • Chlorophyll temporarily stores the suns energy
    in the form of ATP and NADPH.
  • This stored energy powers the Calvin cycle.
  • The Calvin cycle uses CO2 and the ATP NADPH to
    store the suns energy long term.
  • It is stored as the organic compound glucose.

7
Review What happens during photosynthesis?
  • Basically, plants capture the suns energy, and
    use that energy to make and store glucose.
  • It occurs in the chloroplast, where the pigment
    chlorophyll, changes molecules of carbon dioxide
    and water into glucose.
  • The Calvin Cycle is the final step.
  • Oxygen is released in this reaction.
  • Short term energy ATP
  • Long term energy glucose

8
Why is photosynthesis important to us?
  • We cannot make our own food (glucose, energy),
    we must get our food from plants.
  • Plants are the first step in the food chain.
  • The oxygen released during photosynthesis is
    necessary for all living things.

9
What factors affect photosynthesis?
  • Light intensity
  • More light more photosynthesis
  • Upper limit occurs when all chlorophyll is being
    used.
  • CO2 concentration
  • More CO2 more photosynthesis
  • Same reason as above.
  • Temperature
  • Requires a certain temp range
  • Enzymes are used to speed up reactions, enzymes
    require a certain temp to work correctly.
  • Turn to pg. 205 in your book!

10
Moving Along
  • Lets look at Cellular Respiration

11
Intro What is Cellular Respiration?
  • Organisms extracting the energy stored in
    glucose.
  • Recall that in photosynthesis, the suns energy
    is converted into chemical energy (sugar) for
    long term storage.
  • Organisms must remove the sugar from storage and
    then transform it into a form that can be used by
    the organism.

12
Cellular Respiration Overview
  • Def Process by which cells produce energy, in
    the form of ATP, from carbohydrates (sugars
    specifically glucose), in the presence of oxygen.
  • Why do we breathe (external respiration)?
  • Why do we consume and digest

    carbohydrates?
  • Happens in more than one step.

13
EQUATION FOR RESPIRATION
CARBON DIOXIDE
ATP
GLUCOSE
C6H12O6
6O2
6CO2
6H2O
ENERGY
OXYGEN
WATER
14
Why does cellular respiration convert glucose to
ATP?
  • Glucose long term stored energy.
  • ATP temporary form of energy that can be
    quickly used for cellular activity.

15
Recall What is ATP?
  • ATP adenosine triphosphate
  • Molecule that is the main energy source for all
    living things.
  • Energy is released when the last phosphate group
    is removed.

Three Phosphate Groups
Base (adenine)
Energy
Sugar (ribose)
Removed to Make
16
Review What is Cellular Respiration?
  • The breakdown of glucose molecules to release
    energy in the form of ATP.
  • Takes place in all living things.
  • Oxygen gas in required!

17
1st Step Glycolysis
  • Series of chemical reactions that break down one
    molecule of glucose to form ATP.
  • Produces 2 ATP molecules.
  • Happens in cytoplasm of the cell
  • May be anaerobic (happens without oxygen) or
    aerobic (happens with oxygen).
  • Anaerobic ? fermentation
  • Aerobic ? just the first step of cellular resp

18
2nd Step Krebs cycle (Aerobic)
  • Series of reactions that finishes glucose break
    down to carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen.
  • Happens in the mitochondria.
  • 1 ATP produced

19
3rd Step Electron Transport Chain
  • Process that uses high energy electrons from
    Krebs cycle to convert molecules to ATP.
  • Happens on the inner membranes of the
    mitochondria
  • Up to 34 ATP produced

20
Overview of photosynthesis and respiration
SUN
RADIANT ENERGY
CELL ACTIVITIES
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATION
GLUCOSE
ATP(ENERGY)
21
Fill out the following chart to compare
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
22
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration comparison
23
Food Chain andEnergy Flow
Primary Producer Plant/ algae Primary
consumer Herbivores Secondary consumer Primary
Carnivore Tertiary consumer Top Carnivore
Autotroph (producer) Gets energy from the
Sun ? Does photosynthesis Cellular
Resp. Heterotroph (consumer) Gets energy from
Food ? Does cellular respiration
24
Food Chain Example
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