Ice vs Salt Which Shall Dominate

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IcevsSaltWhich Shall Dominate?
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Purpose

• Problem
• what salts melt ice faster
• how long does each salt take
• what salt melts ice best
• Acknowledgements
• Tim Cugle

• Hypothesis
• chemically changed salts work best

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Research Abstract and Hyperlinks

• salt corrodes streets, sidewalks, etc
• salt disrupts ice growth
• most people use salt to melt ice
• some salts are useless
• based on what salts are used results will vary

• http//antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/solut
  ions/faq/why-salt-melts-ice.shtml
• http//chemistry.about.com/cs/howthingswork/a/aa12
  0703a.htm

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Materials List

• Ultra Melt
• Maryland Highway Brand
• Berkly and Jenson Iodized Salt
• Garlic Salt
• Celery Salt
• Mortons Rock Salt
• Mortons Iodized Salt
• Plastic Bowl ( used to hold ice)

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Controls/Variables

• Controls
• Experiment completed in same area
• Temperature of area (39 degrees Fahrenheit)
• Amount of salt put on the ice (1/4 teaspoon)
• Size of ice cube used
• After each type of ice was used bowl cleaned

• Variables
• Type of salt used changed after ice was melted
• Time of day each salt was used

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Method/Procedure (Steps)

• Procedure (Steps)
• Ice cube selected and placed in bowl
• Type of salt randomly selected and correct amount
  placed on the ice
• Wait for ice to melt
• Clean out bowl
• Redo process starting with step one until all
  salts were used

• Method
• 9 different types of salts
• Same amount of each placed on same sized ice
  cube.
• Monitored every 5 min
• Total experiment time 1 hour 51mins

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Data

• No salt 62min (roughly 1 hour)
• Ultra Melt 15 min (1/4 of an hour)
• Maryland Highway Brand 21 min (roughly 1/3 of a
  hour)
• Berkley and Jensen Iodized Salt 18 min (almost
  1/3 of a hour)
• Mortons Coarse Kosher Salt 22 min (roughly 1/3
  of a hour)
• Garlic Salt 62 min (roughly 1 hour)
• Celery Salt 62 min (roughly 1 hour)
• Mortons Rock Salt 20 min (1/3 of an hour)
• Mortons Iodized Salt 25 min (about ½ hour)

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Results

• Hypothesis proved correct
• Chemically altered salts did melt ice faster
• Normal salts had little effect
• Type of salt will affect performance
• Salt should be used at the right temperature

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Conclusion

• Chemically altered salts melt ice more
  efficiently on ice compared to other salts
• Salt works well under certain temperatures
• Chemically altered salted have a dramatic time
  difference over other salts
• Hypothesis proved correct

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Synthesis

• Worth it to buy chemically altered salt
• Normal salts have little or no affect
• Know what salts are better
• Know what salts to not use
• Know how effective salt is in certain temperatures

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Bibliographies

• Senese,Fred. Why Does Salt Melt Ice? General
  ChemistryOnline!31 July 07 Oct. 08
  http//antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/solut
  ions/faq/why-salt-melts-ice.shtml.
• Helmstine, Anne M. Melting Snow Ice with
  Salt. About Chemistry.com. 2008. The New York
  Times Company. 28 Oct. 2008 http//chemistry.about
  .com/cs/howthingswork/a/aa120703a.htm.
• Willis, Bill. Salt and the Freezing Point of
  Water. Http//www.worselyschool.net. 2008. 28
  Oct. 2008 http//www.worselyschool.net/science/fil
  es/saltandfreezing/ofwater.htmlgt.
• Cugle,Tim,ed. Bureau of Highways 30 Oct.
• 2008lthttp//www.co.ho.md.us/highways_homepage.htmgt
  .
• Lynch, Bob. Why Does Salt Melt Ice? 04 Mar.
  1992. Michigan State University. 28 Oct. 2008
  http//www.pa.msu.edu/sciencet/ask_st/030492.html.