PROMOTING LEADERSHIP UNDERSTANDING OPPORTUNITY in the AMERICAS

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PROMOTINGLEADERSHIPUNDERSTANDINGOPPORTUNITY
in the AMERICAS
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• Partners is the largest private voluntary
  organization in the Western Hemisphere engaged in
  international cooperation and training.

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Founded in 1964 as the people-to-people
component of the Alliance for Progress, Partners
of the Americas has conducted and facilitated
community based training and technical assistance
for 40 years.
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U.S. states are paired with areas of Latin
America and the Caribbean in 60 Partnerships.
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Each partnership consists of two chapters one
in the north and one in the south.Chapters are
organized as private, nonprofit institutions in
their own respective communities.Individual
chapters decide what projects they will carry
out.
Indiana USA
Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Some areas in which we work

• Agriculture the Environment
• Citizen Participation
• Education Culture
• Emergency Preparedness
• Public Outreach
• Sports
• Women Families
• Youth Development

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To learn more about Partners of the Americas
International, visit www.partners.net
To learn more about Partners of the Americas
Indiana, visit www.bsu.edu/partners
To learn more about Partners of the Americas Rio
Grande do Sul, visit www.partners.org.br
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Rio Grande do Sul Indianas Sister State
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Rio Grande do Sul is located in Brazil, the
largest country in South America and the fifth
largest in the world.
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Geography Area 3,300,170.9 sq miles Population
184,000,000 Capital Brasilia ( pop.
2,051,146) Largest city Sao Paulo (pop.
13,000,000) Climate mostly tropical, but
temperate in the south. Terrain mostly flat to
rolling lowlands in north some plains, hills,
mountains, and narrow coastal belt. Natural
Hazards recurring droughts in northeast floods
and occasional frost in south.
Brazil anthem
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FlagGreen with a large yellow diamond in the
center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27
white five-pointed stars (one for each state and
the Federal District) arranged in the same
pattern as the night sky over Brazil on the day
of independence the globe has a white equatorial
band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and
Progress) .
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Government
Conventional long form Federative Republic of
Brazil Conventional short form Brazil
Government type federative republic
Branches of government Executive Chief of
State President Luiz Inacio Lula da
Silva Legislative bicameral National Congress
Federal Senate and Chamber of Deputies Judicial
Supreme Federal Tribunal, Higher Tribunal of
Justice, Regional Tribunals
Suffrage voluntary between 16 and 18 years of
age and over 70. Compulsory between 18 and 70.
Independence September 7 1822, from Portugal
Constitution October 5 1988
Administrative Divisions 26 states and 1 federal
district.
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Religions 74 - Catholic 16 - Protestant 06 -
African-Brazilian beliefs 02 - Spiritism 02 -
Eastern beliefs
Syncretism is a very important aspect of the
Brazilian culture. Syncretism is the
reconciliation or fusion of differing systems of
belief, as in philosophy or religion, especially
when success is partial or the result is
heterogeneous.
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Languages
Primary first language Portuguese Portuguese is
a romance language, derived from vulgar Latin,
that presents varied degrees of similarity to
other romance languages very close to Spanish,
close to Italian, somewhat close to French, and
not very close to Rumenian.
Other first languages German, Italian, Polish,
Spanish, Japanese, and Native-Brazilian
languages. These languages remain even today as
the first language in small communities in the
countryside, originally quite isolated and
independent.
Languages assimilated into Portuguese Native and
African Languages The languages of the
Native-Brazilians and the Africans brought as
slaves disappeared as their cultures were
assimilated into the new emerging national
culture. What has remained as their contribution
is the vocabulary, especially words naming
plants, animals, food and folclore.
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Language Samples Compare Portuguese to Spanish,
its closest language, and English, in a poem by
Elly Sherman (original in English). From
http//www.languageportraits.net/panels/list.html
Portuguese CIRCULO PLENO Eu sou feita de Fogo do
sol Poeira de dinossauro Luz de estrela Chamas de
Vulcao Vidas desconhecidas Rabos de cometa E todo
o futuro Bestas e coisas Podem tambem ser eu.
English FULL CIRCLE I am made of Sun
fire Dinosaur dust Star light Volcano
flames Unknown lives Comet tails And all the
future Beasts and things Shall also be me.
Spanish CIRCULO COMPLETO Estoy hecha de Fuego del
sol Polvo de dinosaurio Luz de las
estrellas Lhamas de volcan Vidas
desconocidas Colas de cometas Y estare tambien Em
las bestias y cosas Del futuro.
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Food and Drinks
The most famous Brazilian food and drinks among
foreigners are
Caipirinha an alcoholic beverage made with
cachaca (sugar cane spirit), lemon, and sugar.
Brigadeiro this dessert is made with sweet
condensed milk and chocolate, covered with flocks
of chocolate.
Feijoada black beans with different kinds of
meat, served with cassava flour, kale, and orange.
Quindim a dessert made with coconut, egg yolks
and sugar.
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Brazil is divided into five regions with very
distinct geography and culture North
Northeast Midwest Southeast South
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North
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The Amazon Forest is a tropical rain forest that
covers most North Region and a large part of the
national territory.
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Manaus, the capital of the state of Amazonas is
famous for ecological tourism, the rubber cycle
architecture, and high-tech industries.
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Northeast
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The Northeast is a land of contrasts the
beautiful coast with its beaches and the dry
countryside the historical city of Olinda and
the modern city of Recife (respectively the
former and current state capital of Pernambuco).
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The Northeast is the home of the only genuinely
Brazilian sport Capoeira. The African slaves
brought to Brazil were not allowed to practice
their fighting techniques. So, they disguised
them into movements that resembled dance, with
music that sounded as if they were celebrating.
Today Capoeira is a fighting technique practiced
as a sport or competition.
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Midwest
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The Federal District is located in the Midwest
and the Federal Capital is called Brasilia. The
city is famous for its modern architecture
(counterclockwise) the Federal Congress, the
Presidents Residence, and the Cathedral.
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The Pantanal is a large swampy area in the
Midwest. It is a natural preservation area
protected by law because it is the home and
breeding environment for many species of birds.
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Southeast
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Rio de Janeiro, the former national capital, has
a privileged landscape and is the home for the
grandest Carnival parade in Brazil
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If you ever come to Brazil, you are almost
certainly going to fly into Sao Paulo, one of the
largest cities in the world. Dont forget to look
out the airplane window to apprehend the size of
the countrys economical capital.
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South
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Clockwise city transportation system, Iguacu
falls, the wire-frame opera house, and the
botanical gardens.
The state of Parana is famous for the Iguacu
Falls on the boarder of Paraguay and Argentina
and its capital, the city of Curitiba,
internationally recognized as a model of urban
planning and technology.
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The state of Santa Catarina offers the best
beaches in southern Brazil attracting tourists
from Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. The state
capital, Florianopolis, is a modern city on the
Island of Santa Catarina connected to the
continent through an old historical bridge.
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State of Rio Grande do Sul
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Rio Grande do Sul is the southernmost state in
Brazil, sharing boarders with Uruguay and
Argentina. The state was very disputed in its
early history (1500 to 1800) belonging to the
Portuguese and the Spanish alternately until its
late consistent colonization by the Portuguese in
1735, Germans in 1825, and Italians in 1875.
Between 1835 and 1845, the state fought and lost
the Farroupilha war against the Brazilian Empire
to be an independent country, the Pampas
Republic. The state capital is the city of Porto
Alegre.
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State Information
Size 108,904 square miles North/South 621
miles West/East 497 miles Highest point 4,586
feet Population 10,512,283 Urban population
8,756,394 Rural population 1,775,889 Climate
subtropical, temperate
Average summer temperature 82ºF Average winter
temperature 53ºF Highest summer temperature
100ºF Lowest winter temperature 40ºF
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The German Mountains
This part of the mountains was colonized by
German settlers and offers the best tourist
infrastructure in the state. It is one of the
very few places where it snows in Brazil
(actually very little and quite seldom).
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The Italian Mountains
Here the settlers were Italian. The region is
famous for the hearty Italian meals, the locally
produced wine, and the furniture industry.
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The Canyons
In this part of the state there are canyons over
2,500 feet deep. A visitor can hike, climb up and
down, go rafting, or simply enjoy the view.
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The Pampas
The Pampas of South America are flat, fertile
plains covered with grass. The word Pampas comes
from the Guarani Indian word for level plain. The
Pampas is the home of the 'Gaucho', the original
Rio Grande do Sul cowboy. The humid Pampas
ecosystem is one of the richest grazing areas in
the world.
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The Missions
In 1682 the Jesuits founded seven missions in Rio
Grande do Sul to convert and civilize the Guarani
natives. Each settlement had an impressive church
and surrounding village. For political reasons,
the Missions were caught between the Portuguese
and Spanish fighting for the territory and
eventually abandoned around 1800.
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The Coast
Brazilians love the beach and in the summer they
crowd the cities and towns on the coast. Many
families own a beach house where they spend the
hottest months (December, January, and February).
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Gaucho
The word gaucho denotes a person or anything
else from Rio Grande do Sul (as Hoosier in
Indiana). Gaucho for a man and gaucha for a
woman. However, when dressed up in the
traditional outfit, called pilcha , a woman is
called a prenda. Even today it is common to see
people dressed in less elaborate versions of the
outfit in the countryside, especially those
involved in agriculture. Other than that, the
gauchos dress their pilchas only for special
parties and when participating in a folkloric
dance group.
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Chimarrao
Chimarrao is a traditional drink in Rio Grande do
Sul. It is a hot bitter green tea made of the
ground leaves from the tree called erva mate,
served in a gourd and sucked through a decorated
metal straw.
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Churrasco
Churrasco is the most traditional and famous
gaucho meal. It consists of skewering large
pieces of meat (mostly beef, pork or lamb) and
roasting them slowly over hot charcoal. The meat
is traditionally flavored only with rock salt and
served with cassava flour. The skewers are
brought to the table and the person chooses a
slice.
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Gre-Nal
When visiting Rio Grande do Sul, there is one
choice you are not spared to make to be
gremista or colorado. Gaúchos are divided
into those who root for Gremio and those who root
for Internacional. A Gre-Nal is a game when the
two teams play against each other.
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Fauna
The capibara, capivara, is the largest rodent
in the world, reaching 120 pounds.
The rhea, ema is common only in the pampas or
the southern flatlands.
The quero-quero is considered the state bird
and lives in the fields. The name is an attempt
to reproduce the sound the bird makes. It is
considered a very good watch animal because it
nests on the ground and defends the nest by
making a lot of noise and being very aggressive.
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Flora
Araucaria is a species of pine tree that grows
in higher altitudes in southern Brazil. Gauchos
like to eat the seed from the pine cooked in
water and salt.
From the ground leaves of this tree, Gauchos
prepare the green tea used in the chimarrao.
This tall grass is very common in the Pampas.
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Porto Alegre the state capital
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Porto Alegre is located on the right margin of
the Guaiba Lake, whose waters come from five
different rivers and flow into Patos Lake. The
city has developed from an original harbor by the
lake, where the first Azorian imigrants arrived.
Porto Alegre means happy harbor.
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The red lines show the latitude where Porto
Alegre would be in North America and Indianapolis
in South America.
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The Lacador statue is considered the city symbol.
It depicts a typical gaucho man prepared to work
in the fields. The man who modeled for the statue
is Paixao Cortes, one of the most important
researchers of gaucho culture.
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There is a square downtown called Praça da
Matriz, around which five powers are
represented (clockwise) Metropolitan Cathedral
(religious), Governors Palace (executive), State
House of Representatives (legislative), Sao Pedro
Theater (cultural), and the State Court House
(judicial).
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If you are in Porto Alegre on a Sunday, there is
something you must do go shopping at Brique da
Redencao, a flea market at Redencao park, the
biggest in the city.
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Being downtown Porto Alegre is being in the
crowd. The busiest street is Rua da Praia, closed
to cars (left). Take time to shop for local
produce at the Public Market (above right) and to
visit the City Hall (above left).
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In Porto Alegre, the sun sets on the Guaiba Lake,
and many say it is one of the most beautiful
sunsets in the country.
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Brazilian Music
To listen to the music, click on the red buttons
or use a compatible software (the songs are in
MP3 format).
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Traditional Carnival Music
Carnival started with people dressed in costumes
parading through the streets following the rhythm
and tune of Marchinhas de Carnaval, carnival
march. Later, as more people in the upper classes
joined the celebration, carnival was taken into
ballrooms, but still with the same music.
Although today more up-beat versions of samba are
preferred, every Brazilian has the tunes below
engraved in their memories. All songs are
performed by the band Banda Rio-Copa.

1. Allah-la-o
2. Cabeleira do Zeze
3. Cidade Maravilhosa
4. Mamae eu quero
5. Mascara negra
6. Me da um dinheiro ai
7. Saca-rolha
8. Turma do funil

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Ary Barroso - The early 1900s
Ary Barroso was the most influential pre-bossa
nova composer in Brazil. His 1939 composition,
"Aquarela Do Brasil, was featured in the 1942
Disney film Saludos Amigos, and has gone on to
become one of the 20 most recorded songs of all
time. His song, "Na Baixa Do Sapateiro, based
on a Brazilian pop tune, was included in the
Disney film The Three Caballeros and popularized
as "Bahia." In 1955, Barroso received the
National Order Of Merit, the greatest honor
bestowed by the Brazilian government.

1. Aquarela do Brasil singer Francisco Alves
2. Na baixa do Sapateiro singer Angela Maria
3. No tabuleiro da baiana singers Luiz Barbosa and
   Carmem Miranda
4. No rancho fundo singer Eliseth Cardoso
5. No rancho fundo
6. Camisa amarela singer Ary Barroso
7. Trapo de gente singer Ary Barroso
8. Upa! Upa! singer Dyrcinha Batista

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Bossa Nova
A suave, romantic style which started in the
1950s, replacing samba as the national music.
Typically, bossa nova (which means "new way" in
Portuguese) is very mellow and laid-back, and
very, very cool. In the early 1960s, bossa nova
rhythms became popular with jazz and pop
musicians in the U.S. and Europe. The two
landmark composers are Joao Gilberto and Antonio
Carlos Jobim.

1. Aguas de marco singers Elis Regina and Tom
   Jobim
2. Coisa mais Linda singer Caetano Veloso
3. Corcovado singer Sylvia Telles
4. Desafinado singer Gal Costa
5. Garota de Ipanema singer Sergio Mendes
6. Triste singer Elis Regina

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Samba Enredo
On carnival, the major samba associations in a
city compete by parading on the street. Each
association, escola de samba, chooses a theme,
designing costumes and composing an original
samba according to this theme. This kind of samba
is called samba enredo enredo means plot
because the song has to tell the plot of what is
being presented. The grandest of these
competitions is in Rio de Janeiro.

1. Criador e Criatura Escola de Samba Mocidade
   Independente
2. Catarina de Medicis Escola de Samba Imperatriz
3. Herois da Resistencia Escola de Samba
   Academicos de Santa Cruz
4. Templo do absurdo Escola de Samba Unidos da
   Tijuca

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Popular Samba
Samba has many manifestations today and they are
very distinct for Brazilians. The songs below are
examples of what we can call modern popular
samba, that is, good quality samba performed by
renowned bands and singers. All songs below are
played by the band Fundo de Quintal (live) with
the participation of important Brazilian samba
singers.

1. Trem das Onze part. Demonios da Garoa
2. A batucada dos nossos tantas part. Dudu Nobre
3. Bebeto loteria
4. Parabens pra voce part. Alcione
5. Se chama mulher
6. Seja sambista tambem

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Forro
During the second World War, the U.S. government
set an air force base in the state of Rio Grande
do Norte, Brazil. The base normally promoted
dances for the Americans only, but sometimes they
would open the dance for all to come.
Brazilians who could not speak English would say
it forro and the word has become the synonym
for a big lively party. Today, forro is the
typical dance party in the Northeast of Brazil
with typical music from that region.

1. Flor do Baiao Baiao de Corda
2. Forro da ribanceira Forro na Contramao
3. Fungada da Crioula Baiao de Corda
4. Toca pra nois dois Targino Gondim
5. Bilha no sapato - Domquixote

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Percussion
In most Brazilian rhythms, percussion plays a key
role. Here you can listen to the Santa Maria
Federal University Percussion Ensemble,
performing renowned pieces by renowned Brazilian
composers.

1. Trenzinho Caipira (the piece imitates a steam
   engine train)
2. Baiao (typical Northeast rhythm)
3. Xote (typical Northeast rhythm)
4. Caboclinho (typical Northeast rhythm)
5. Batuque
6. Novena

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Gaucho Music
The traditional music in Rio Grande do Sul shares
a lot more characteristics with the music from
Uruguay and Argentina than with the rest of
Brazil. It is the Pampas culture. There are
special clubs, CTG Gaucho Tradition Center,
where gauchos go to dance the typical music. But
one has to be dressed in pilcha to be allowed
to dance there.

1. Canto Alegretense
2. Ceu, Sol, Sul, terra e cor
3. Esquilador
4. Gaucho de Passo Fundo
5. Gaudencio sete luas
6. Negro da Gaita
7. Prenda Minha
8. Querencia Amada
9. Veterano
10. Rio Grande do Sul anthem

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Gaucho Folkloric Music
In the old times, at the ball dances, people used
to dance the gaucho version of square dances.
They had been totally forgotten until Paixao
Cortes and Barbosa Lessa, through a thorough
research, brought them back in their Gaucho
Dance Manual. Today, special dance groups,
invernadas, at the CTGs dance them for leisure,
for shows, or even for competition. Below you can
find some samples of these dances.

1. Anu
2. Balaio
3. Caranguejo
4. Macanico
5. Pezinho
6. Tirana do Lenco

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Music about Porto Alegre
There are three songs that were inspired in Porto
Alegre and are unofficially considered the citys
anthems, espcially the first.

1. Porto Alegre e demais
2. Horizontes
3. Deu pra ti

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Brazilian country Music
In Brazil, country music is called sertaneja.
It is only in the last 15 years that country
music has left its marginal place in Brazilian
music to become popular and well accepted. All
songs below are performed by Chitaozinho e
Xororo.

1. Nuvem de lagrimas
2. Coracao sertanejo
3. Evidencias
4. Pagina virada

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Pop Music
Pop music today covers as many varieties as there
are in the world. Below are some samples of
modern pop music in Brazil.

1. Da lata Fernanda Abreu (funk)
2. Mama palavra Joao Bosco (reggae)
3. Na esquina Joao Bosco
4. Aconteceu Adriana Calcanhoto
5. Cinema Adriana Calcanhoto
6. 2345meia78 Gabriel Pensador (RAP)
7. Danca do desempregado Gabriel Pensador (samba)
8. Amolacao Skank
9. Pacato cidadao - Skank