Industrialization

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Industrialization
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Nurturing Factors What caused industry to grow?

• Plentiful Natural Resources
• Improved Transportation
• Growing Population in U.S.
• 1860 1890 31 Million 75 Million
• High Immigration
• 1860 1890 14 Million came to U.S.
• Investment Capital
• New Inventions

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Industry Grows In Northern Cities

• Many are along water sources
• Many are linked to each other by railroads
• Larger population
• More investors

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Growth of Youngstown
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Steel Industry-Why Youngstown?

• Mahoning River
• Mineral Resources
• Proximity
• Cleveland
• Pittsburgh
• East Coast
• Population
• Jobs and Economy

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Steel Production

• Steel was expensive to manufacture
• Required large amounts of coal
• New Process-Bessemer
• Used less than 1/7 the amount of coal

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Bessemer Process

• Removes impurities in iron by oxidation air is
  blown through molten iron
• Advantages of Bessemer Process
• Lowers cost of production
• Less labor requirements
• Increases speed of production
• Increases production output

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Oil Industry

• Black Gold
• Fuel Source
• Lubricant for Machinery

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The Electric Industry

• Generator- Machine that produces an electric
  current
• Replaces water and steam power

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Thomas Edison

• Discovered ways to use the electrical current
• Over 1,000 Patents
• Electric Lighting replaces gas in building and
  street lighting

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Alexander Graham Bell

• Telephone
• Created a device to transmit human speech using
  electricity

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Other Critical Inventors

• Christopher Latham
• Typewriter (Communication)
• Elias Howe Isaac Singer
• Sewing Machine (Clothing and Fabric Production)
• Granville T. Woods
• Improvements to the Telephone and Telegraph
  (Communication)
• Margaret Knight
• Improved Motors and Engines (Power and Energy)

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What are these lines?
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Railroads Construction

• Transcontinental
• Central Pacific to start in Sacramento, CA
• Chinese Immigrants
• White Settlers
• Union Pacific to start in Omaha, NE
• Former Civil War soldiers
• Irish and German Immigrants
• African Americans
• Native Americans

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Economic and Social ChangesBrought By Railroads

• Linked trade of West and East
• Created jobs and boosted manufacturing
• Linked cities together
• New Towns Towns grow into cities
• Connected inland cities to coastal ports

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Economic and Social ChangesBrought By Railroads

• Helped settlement of West
• Weakened Native American hold on the West
• Led to adoption of standard time zones
• Gave people more control of the environment and
  natural resources

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Mass Transit and Transportation

• Horse Cars gt Street Cars gt Cable Cars gt Trolleys
• Subways (Boston 1897 New York 1904)
• Automobile- Internal Combustion Engine 1867
  Motor Cars Sold as early as 1893
• Airplane Wright Brothers in 1903

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New Available Jobs

• Many American families would begin to move into
  northern cities
• Immigrants will also move into the country
  because of the need for work
• Cities will quickly become over-crowded

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