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USMLE Prep

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CAlCUli (Kidney Stones) Calcium #1 Cause, Radiopaque, Hypercalcemia ... 2 Cause, Radiopaque, Proteus (Urease ), Staghorn Calculi that lead to UTIs. Cystine ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: USMLE Prep


1
USMLE Prep
  • Samuel Heardmon
  • Pages 269-272

2
Polyarteritis Nodosa
  • Inflammation of MEDIUM sized arteries
  • No ANCA association
  • Hep B, multiple aneurysms and constrictions on
    arteriogram
  • Corticosteroids

3
Wegeners Granulomatosis
  • Vasculitis and Granulomas in Lung and Upper
    Airway and also Glomerulonephritis
  • C-ANCA
  • Cyclophosphamide and Corticosteroids

4
Other ANCA-positive Vasculitides
  • Microscopic Polyangitis
  • No Granulomas. P- or C-ANCA
  • 1 Pauci Immune Crescentic
  • Vasculitis limited to Kidney
  • Churg-Strauss Syndrome
  • Granulamotous w/ Eosinophilia. Multi-organ
    effects. Seen in atopic patients.

5
Kawasaki Disease
  • CHILD
  • 5 Letters 5 Days, lt or 5 years old
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Hyperthermia (Fever)
  • Idiopathic Rash
  • Lymphadenitis
  • Dryness of lips/mouth

6
Nephritic Syndrome
  • HHEAP
  • Hematuria
  • Hypertension
  • Edema
  • Azotemia
  • Proteinuria

7
NephrItic Syndrome
  • Poststreptococcal
  • IgA Nephropathy (Bergers Disease)
  • Goodpastures Syndrome
  • Alports Syndrome
  • Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic)
  • Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

8
Nephritic Syndromes
  • Acute Poststreptococcal Glomurelonephritis
  • -LM- Enlarged Glomeruli, Neutrophils
  • Lumpy Bumpy
  • -EM- Subepithelial Humps
  • -IF- Granular Pattern
  • -Mostly Seen in Kids
  • Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic)
    Glomerulonephritis
  • -LM and IF- Crescent Moon Shape
  • -Rapid Course to Renal Failure

9
Nephritic Syndromes
  • Goodpastures Syndrome (Type II)
  • -IF- Linear Pattern anti- GBM antibodies
  • -Hemoptysis, Hematuria
  • Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
  • -EM- Subendothelial Humps, tram tracks
  • -Slowly Progresses to Renal Failure

10
Nephritic Syndromes
  • IgA Nephropathy (Bergers Disease)
  • -IF and EM mesangial deposits of IGA
  • Alports Syndrome
  • Split Basement Membrane
  • Collagen IV mutation. Nerve deafness and Ocular
    Disorder

11
NephrOtic Syndrome
  • Protein LEAC
  • Proteinuria
  • Lipid Up
  • Edema
  • Albumin Down
  • Cholesterol Up
  • In Nephrotic, the Protein LEACs out

12
Minimal Change Disease (Lipoid Nephrosis)
  • LM Normal Glomeruli
  • EM Foot Process Effacement
  • Most common cause of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome

13
Diabetic Nephropathy
  • LM- Kimmelsteil- Wilson lesions, basement
    membrane thickening

14
SLE
  • 5 patterns of Involvement (Type IV)
  • LM- Wire loop with granular deposits in
    subendothelial basement

15
Nephrotic Syndromes
  • Membranous Glomerulonephritis
  • LM Capillary and BM thicknening
  • IF- Granular Pattern
  • EM- Spike and Dome
  • Adult Nephrotic Syndrome
  • Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis
  • LM- Segmental and Hyalinosis
  • Seen in AIDS patients and Heroin Addicts

16
2 Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Amyloidosis
  • Vasculitis
  • Infections
  • Drugs

17
CAlCUli (Kidney Stones)
  • Calcium
  • 1 Cause, Radiopaque, Hypercalcemia
  • Ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite)
  • 2 Cause, Radiopaque, Proteus (Urease ),
    Staghorn Calculi that lead to UTIs
  • Cystine
  • Radiolucent, Secondary to Cystinuria
  • Uric Acid
  • Radiolucent, Seen with Leukemia and
    Myeloprofilerative Disorders

18
Renal Cell Carcinoma
  • 1 Renal Malignancy
  • Originates from tubular cells
  • Men Ages 50-70
  • Smokers/Dialysis Patients have increased Risk
  • Paraneoplastic Syndromes/ Can Invade IVC and
    spread

19
Wilms Tumor
  • 1 Renal Malignancy of Kids ages 2-4
  • Deletion of WT1 gene on Chromosome 11
  • WAGR Complex
  • Wilms Tumor
  • Aniridia
  • Genitourinary Malfor.
  • Retardation

20
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
  • 1 Tumor Of Urinary Tract
  • Presents w/ Hematuria
  • Phenacetin
  • e
  • e
  • Smoking
  • Aniline Dyes
  • Cyclophosphamide

21
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23
THE END!
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