FIRST RESPONDER AWARENESS LEVEL

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FIRST RESPONDER AWARENESS LEVEL ANNUAL
REFRESHER TRAINING INTRODUCTION Employees at the
awareness level are personnel likely to (1)
discover or witness a hazardous material
emergency, or (2) may be the first on the scene
of an emergency involving hazardous materials.
These employees are expected to recognize which
hazardous materials are present, protect
themselves, call for trained personnel and secure
the area. Their most important role is making
proper notifications that begin the emergency
response sequence. This level of training
anticipates a response role which involves no
potential for exposure to hazards related to the
hazardous materials involved in an incident. The
employer is responsible for ensuring the health
and safety of responding personnel as well as the
protection of the public and the communities
served. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 and EPA 40 CFR 311
require that emergency response employees be
completely trained before they perform at
hazardous materials emergencies. Training
managers face a significant challenge in ensuring
that all responding personnel are fully trained
and prepared while working within existing
resources and conflicting priorities. An employer
must provide annual refresher training which
focuses on using available information sources to
recognize and identify hazardous materials. The
refresher training should be accomplished with
approximately four contact hours. This training
course has been developed by the Local Emergency
Planning Committee (LEPC) District 1 to provide
annual First Responder Awareness Level Refresher
Training to emergency responders including law
enforcement, fire fighters, EMS, Public Works and
others. This course is divided into four parts
and should take approximately four (4) hours to
complete Part 1 3/4 hour, Part 2 1 1/2
hour, Part 3 1 1/4 hour and Part 4 1/2 hour.
All students taking this course should have a
current version of the North American Emergency
Response Guidebook (NAERG).
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Part 1 Preparation for Response
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• Part 1
• Preparation for Response
• After completing this section, you will
  understand
• Training required by OSHA in 29 CFR 1910.120
  and EPA 40 CFR 311.
• The role of the first responder at the
  awareness level.
• The role of the LEPC and SERC in regards to
  hazardous materials
• emergency response planning.

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Important Acronyms
AHJ Authority Having Jurisdiction ALS Advanced
Life Support BLS Basic Life Support CBRNE Chemical
-Biological-Radiological-Nuclear-Energetic CFR Cod
e of Federal Regulations DOT Department of
Transportation EAP Emergency Action
Plan EHS Extremely Hazardous Substance EMS Emergen
cy Medical Service EOC Emergency Operations
Center EOP Emergency Operations Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPCRA Emergen
cy Planning and Community Right-to-know
Act ERG Emergency Response Guide ERP Emergency
Response Plan FDCA Florida Department of
Community Affairs FDEM Florida Division of
Emergency Management FDEP Florida Department of
Environmental Protection FDLE Florida Department
of Law Enforcement FDOH Florida Department of
Health FDOT Florida Department of
Transportation FOG Field Operations Guide
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Important Acronyms
IAP Incident Action Plan IC Incident Commander
ICP Incident Command Post ICS Incident Command
System HAZ-MAT Hazardous Materials HAZWOPER Hazar
dous Waste Operations and Emergency
Response NAERG North American Emergency Response
Guidebook LEPC Local Emergency Planning
Committee MSDS Materials Safety Data
Sheet NFPA National Fire Protection
Association NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NIMS National Incident Management System
NOS Not Otherwise Specified NRP National
Response Plan ORM Other Regulated
Material OSHA Occupational Safety and Health
Administration PPE Personal Protective
Equipment PIO Public Information Officer
RDSTF Regional Domestic Security Task
Force RPC Regional Planning Council SARA Superfund
Amendment an Reauthorization Act SERC State
Emergency Response Commission SOG Standard
Operating Guidelines SOP Standard Operating
Procedures SWP State Warning Point WMD Weapons of
Mass Destruction
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Definitions   US DOT - a hazardous substance or
material which has been determined to be capable
of posing an unreasonable risk to health,
safety, and property when transported...   US
EPA and OSHA - any substance that can produce
an adverse effect on the health or safety of the
persons exposed....   A simple definition - any
substance or material that may hurt or harm the
things it contacts if released from its
container.
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EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE

• An EHS is a material that
•  
• Is listed by EPA in 40 CFR 355.
• Could present a significant risk to the
  surrounding community and/or environment if
  released.
• Have an extremely high degree of toxicity.
• Have the potential to migrate off-site of the
  release and move
• throughout the environment presenting an
  immediate health and safety hazard.
• Must be reported to the appropriate authorities
  if stored in quantities exceeding the threshold
  planning quantities.

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EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES Some Extremely
Hazardous Substances include
Chemical
Chlorine
Ammonia (anhydrous)
Ammonia (aqueous 20 or greater)
Sulfur Dioxide (anhydrous)
Hydrogen Chloride (anhydrous)
Hydrochloric Acid (aqueous 37 or greater)
Hydrogen Fluoride (anhydrous)
Hydrofluoric Acid (aqueous 50 or greater)
Nitric Acid 80 or greater)
A complete list of extremely hazardous substances
may be obtained from the Florida Department of
Community Affairs Risk Management Program at
www.dca.state.fl.us/cps/arprmp/start.htm or by
calling [phone].
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Hazardous Materials Incident  
Any unplanned or unexpected release/potential
release of a hazardous material. Some unique
characteristics of these incidents Required
PPE might not be provided. Responders may not be
trained in the use of required PPE. May require
operational approaches that differ from normal
or routine duties. Non-routine skills and
attitudes may be required. Can pose a
significant risk to the responder. Always
expect the unexpected when responding!!!!

When responding to any motor vehicle accident,
the responder should park his/her vehicle at
least 50 feet upwind (100 feet if any hazardous
materials are involved in the accident).
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Mechanisms of Harm
TEAM CPR
 
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Public Safety Duty to Act

• Public safety responders have a Duty to Act.
• Your level of involvement is defined by your
  employers Emergency Response Plan (ERP).
• The actions you are expected to take should be in
  Standard Operating Guidelines format.
• NEVER exceed your level of training and
  protection!
•  

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Awareness Level Goals  
First responders at the Awareness Level have four
Goals or responsibilities  
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EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK

• The ERG is a responders tool for success.
• Every emergency vehicle should have an ERG.
• Purpose
• An aid for identification of the material
  involved.
• Outlines basic initial actions.
• Recommends protective action areas.
• Serves as an initial incident safety plan.
• National and international emergency
• contact phone numbers.

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Federal and State Regulations

• Congress passed the Emergency Planning and
  Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA) in 1986
• 1988 - Florida Legislature passed the Florida
  Hazardous Materials Emergency Response and
  Community Right-to-Know Act
• EPCRA, Section 126 mandated that OSHA develop
  safety regulations for fist responders.
• EPCRA requires local communities and facilities
  to plan and prepare for hazardous materials
  emergencies.

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SUPERFUND AND HAZWOPER   SARA
Title I, Section 126 - mandated worker safety
regulations for hazardous waste operations and
emergency response in 29 CFR 1910.120 and 40 CFR
311.   SARA Title III - Emergency Planning and
Community Right to Know Right - To - Know Act
(EPCRA) requires 1. Reporting of hazmat
releases to the Florida State Warning Point at
[phone] or [phone] (emergency 24
hour) and the National Response Center (800)
424-8802 2. State
Emergency Response Commissions (SERCs) and Local
Emergency Planning Committees
(LEPCs)  
 
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Maintain regional emergency response equipment
and facilities lists
LEPC Responsibilities
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• SUPERFUND AND HAZWOPER
•  
•  
• HAZWOPER- Hazardous Waste Operations and
  Emergency Response Standard (29 CFR 1910.120)
• OSHA and EPAs safety standard developed in
  accordance with the mandate of EPCRA, Section 126
• Codified as OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 and EPA 40 CFR
• Adopted by EPA in 40 CFR 311 to insure its
  enforcement in all states.

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HAZWOPER Applies to employers employees
exposed/potentially exposed to hazardous
substances/waste in the following five
operations Required clean-up operations
involving hazardous substances that are
conducted at uncontrolled hazardous waste
sites.   Corrective actions involving
clean-up operations at sites covered under
RCRA.   Voluntary clean-up operations at
sites recognized by federal, state, local, or
other governmental body as uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites.   Operations
involving hazardous wastes conducted at
treatment, storage, and disposal
facilities regulated by Title 40 CFR 264 and 265,
or by agencies under agreement with EPA to
implement RCRA regulations.   Emergency
response operations for releases of, or
substantial threats of release of,
hazardous substances regardless of the location
of the hazard.
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LEVELS OF TRAINING
There are five levels of training required
under HAZWOPER
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OPERATIONAL MODES
Modes of Operation
There are two modes of operation at a haz - mat
incident
  Defensive mode Level of training,
available equipment, or extent of the incident
prohibits further involvement in controlling the
incident. Responder may be required to activate
remote shut-offs.   Offensive mode - Places
the responder close to or in contact with the
hazardous material or its vapors and gases. These
operations are taken only after a thorough risk
vs. benefit analysis. They demand the highest
level of knowledge since they expose the
responder to the greatest risk.
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OPERATIONAL MODES

• Awareness and Operational level responders take
  DEFENSIVE actions.
• Technicians and Specialists take OFFENSIVE
  actions.
• The Incident Commander coordinates the response
  and is ultimately responsible for safety.

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PART 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS Before
continuing, take a few minutes to answer the
following questions
1. Who is designated as the incident commander at hazardous materials emergencies in your community? 2. Who would you notify in your community to activate the hazardous materials emergency response plan?
3. What agencies are available in your community to assist with a haz-mat emergency? 4. What medical facilities in your area will accept hazardous materials patients?
5. Who can order a mandatory evacuation during a hazardous materials emergency? 6. This OSHA regulation was developed to insure responder safety during haz- mat emergencies A. 49 CFR 1910.120 B. 29 CFR 1910.120 C. 40 CFR 1910.20 D. 29 CFR 1911.11
7. Which mechanisms of harm could most likely be present at an accident involving a gasoline tank truck? A. Thermal, etiological, mechanical, radiological B. Thermal, asphyxiation, mechanical, radiological C. Thermal, asphyxiation, chemical, psychological D. Thermal, mechanical, psychological, radiological 8. A hazardous material is defined as a substance or material that A. Can pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported. B. Can produce an adverse effect on the health or safety of exposed persons. C. When released from its container may hurt or harm the things it contacts. D. All of the above.

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9. The seven potential hazards found at a hazardous material incident (TEAM CPR) are? A.  Toxic, etiological, asphyxiation, mechanical, chronic, psychological, radiological. B.  Thermal, etiological, asphyxiation, mechanical, chemical, psychological, radiological. C.  Tired, etiological, asphyxiation, man-made, chemical, physical, radiological. D.  Thermal, etiological, aspiration, mechanical, chemical, physiological, radiological.
10. The two operational response modes are A. Risk and benefit. B. Defensive and operational. C. Offensive and defensive D. Safe and Cautious 11. The four goals of the awareness level responder are A. Recognition/identification, isolation, protection and notification. B. Recognition/identification, isolation, personal protection and public awareness. C. Identification, notification, protection and risk assessment. D.Identification, public protection, risk assessment and isolation.
12. The five levels of training are A. Awareness, Operational Specialist, Hazardous Materials Trainee, Hazardous Materials Awareness, Incident Specialist. B. Hazardous Materials Technician, Hazardous Materials Specialist, Hazardous Materials Incident Commander, Operations Level and Primary Technician. C. Awareness, Operations Specialist, Hazardous Materials Technician, Hazardous Materials Inspector, Hazardous Materials Incident Commander. D. Awareness, Operational, Hazardous Materials Technician, Hazardous Materials Specialist, Hazardous Materials Incident Commander. 13. Awareness Level responders always operate in the offensive mode A. True B. False
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• PART 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS
• This depends upon the emergency responders ICS
  procedures. In most cases, the local fire
  department will have jurisdiction.
• The communications center (911), dispatch center,
  local warning point
• Fire Departments, Law Enforcement Agencies,
  Emergency Medical Services, Utility Companies,
  Public Works Departments, the Florida Department
  of Environmental Protection and Emergency
  Management
• 4. Contact your supervisor for this answer
• The on-scene commander
• (Important - Review the answers to questions 1-5
  with your supervisor)
• 6. B
• 7. C
• 8. D
• 9. B
• 10. C
• 11. A
• 12. D
• 13. B

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This concludes Part 1 Preparation for
Response the information covered in this unit.
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Part 2 Hazard Identification
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• Part 2
• Hazard Identification
• After completing this section, you should be able
  to identify
• Six clues that indicate the presence of a
  hazardous material(s).
• The nine DOT Hazard classes.
• A hazardous material by class, name and/or
  UN/NA ID number.

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Recognition Isolation Protection Notification
Decisions made in the first minutes of an
incident will have a direct impact on its
outcome. Making sound choices early, reduces the
impact of the incident and increases life safety
for the responder and members of the public.
YOUR SAFE RESPONSE IS DEPENDENT UPON YOUR
ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE AND IDENTIFY HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
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• Recognizing Hazardous Materials
• Six Important
  Clues
• Clue 1 - Occupancy and Location
• Clue 2 - Container Shape and Size
• Clue 3 - Placards and labels
• Clue 4 - Shipping Papers and
  Facility Documents
• Clue 5 - Markings and Colors
• Clue 6 - The Human Senses

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Clue 1 - Occupancy and Location
1. Occupancy refers to the actual structure
and its use   Manufacturing facilities
Storage facilities Retail
establishments Residential   2.
Location is the general area in which you are
located  Agricultural
Industrial Parks Business Districts
Residential Areas Transportation
corridors - rail, air, marine, pipeline, and
highway. Illegal Operations (e.g. drug
labs).

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Clue 1 - Occupancy and Location
METH LABS An illegal meth lab makes the illegal
drug methamphetamine.  All processes use harmful
chemicals including explosives, solvents, metals,
salts and corrosives.  During the drug
manufacturing (cooking) process, additional
toxic compounds and by-products are produced. 
The fumes, vapors, and spillage associated with
cooking can all be toxic. Booby traps can be
present. Can be located anywhere activities can
be hidden from view such as in storage units,
motel rooms, trailer parks, apartments, houses
and car trunks.
If you accidentally come across an illegal drug
lab, dont touch anything or stop any process.
Leave the same way you entered and get
specialized help.
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Clue 1 - Occupancy and Location

• METH LAB CLUES
• Unusual traffic at all hours
• Chemical odors
• Fortified
• Occupants come outside to smoke

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Clue 2 - Container Shape and Size
Low pressure or non-pressurized Containers Found
in a wide variety of configurations - bags,
bottles, and drums. Common highway containers are
the MC/306 - DOT/406 (commonly seen carrying
gasoline and other petroleum materials), the
MC/307 - DOT/ 407 (chemical carriers) and the
MC/312 - DOT/412 (corrosive carriers).
Pressurized Containers Pressurized containers -
made from heavy steel with rounded ends to
distribute pressure against the container walls.
Containers transported by rail, have valves and
contentions, which are enclosed in a protective
steel dome. Common highway containers are the
MC/331 (liquefied gas) and the MC/338 (cryogenic)
carriers.

Review Pages 18 19 in your 2004 ERG
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Clue 3 - Placards and Labels
Labels - Found on containers
Placards - Found on vehicles transporting
hazardous materials.

• A vehicle without a placard may be
  transporting hazardous materials.
• For commercial carriers, it is estimated
  that
•   50 carry hazardous materials.
• Placards are required for only 50 of those
  transporting haz-mats.
• Only 50 are properly placarded.

Review Pages 16 17 in your 2004 ERG
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CLASS 1 - EXPLOSIVES
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EXPLOSIVES SAFETY

• Consider all explosives an extreme hazard when
  involved in a fire.
• Engine compartment and tire fires should be
  fought aggressively by trained personnel if the
  fire does not make its way to the storage area.

3. Always anticipate that you will be unable
to get the fire under control and start
evacuation early. 4. Know your response area
and where explosives may be in use. There may be
no outward indication that explosives are
present.
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CLASS 2 GASES
Division 2.1 Flammable Gases A flammable gas has
a vapor pressure of 14.7 psi or greater at 68
degrees F and is usually present in the form of a
gas. Some flammable gases are liquefied, e.g.
propane and butane. The pressure keeps the gas in
a liquid form. If released, the liquid will
convert to a gas and expand rapidly. Other gases
are stored as compressed gases. The container
pressures for these gases are generally higher
and the expansion ratio is not as
great. Examples Acetylene, Hydrogen

• Division 2.2 Non-Flammable, Non-Toxic Gases2.2
  Non-Flammable, Non-Po
• Non-flammable gases can be compressed, liquefied
  compressed or cryogenic. Cryogenic liquids have
  three hazards
• Extremely cold temperatures (lt -150 degrees F).
• The hazards of the gas itself (inert, displaces
  oxygen).
• Very high expansion ratio - 800 - 1000 to 1.
• Materials in this class do not meet the strict
  criteria for being either flammable or poisonous.
  However, they may be toxic to humans and
  sometimes flammable.
• Examples anhydrous ammonia, cryogenic argon,
  liquid or compressed nitrogen, carbon dioxide.

Division 2.3 Toxic Gases2 A gas stored in a
compressed or compressed liquefied state. These
gases have the potential to travel longer
distances. If liquefied, it will have higher
expansion ratio and will create a large vapor
cloud. Examples chlorine, methyl bromide,
hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide.
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CLASS 3 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS  
Flammable liquids must be grounded and bonded to
prevent fires and/or explosions

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CLASS 4 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS  
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CLASS 5 OXIDIZERS AND ORGANIC PEROXIDES
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CLASS 6 POISONOUS AND INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES  
Division 6.1 - Poisonous Materials Materials
other than gases that are poisonous/presumed
poisonous to humans. Includes severely irritating
materials. Examples tear gas, hydrocyanic
acid, carbon tetrachloride

• Division 6.2 - Infectious Substances
• AKA Etiological.
• Viable microorganism or its toxin, which can
  cause disease in humans or animals.
• Includes bacteria, viruses and their toxins.
• Human blood and many body fluids must be
  considered to be infectious. Emergency responders
  must be trained in universal precautions and
  infection control.
• Examples anthrax, botulism, tetanus.

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  CLASS 7 RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS  
Radioactive materials are materials that emit
ionizing radiation with an activity of greater
than 0.002 micro curies per gram. If
contamination is avoided, exposure stops when you
get away from the material.   Time Dose is
directly proportional to duration of
exposure. Distance Dose is indirectly
proportional to the square of the distance from
the source. Shielding Ionizing radiation is
absorbed in varying amounts by materials. The
greater mass placed between the source and the
responder, the less the exposure. Further
classified as Radioactive I, II and III with III
having the highest specific activity. Packaged in
either type B or A containers. Both types of
containers are designed to withstand impacts and
damages of varying magnitudes. Type A packaging
is the strongest.  
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CLASS 8 CORROSIVE MATERIALS  
These materials can cause irreversible damage to
human tissue. Their fumes or vapors are also very
hazardous.   Examples nitric acid, sodium
hydroxide (caustic soda or lye), hydrochloric
acid.
Corrosive materials are measured on the pH Scale
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CLASS 9 MISCELLANEOUS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS  

• Miscellaneous hazardous materials which
• Can cause extreme annoyance or discomfort to
  flight crew members
• during air transport, or
• Are not classified into one of the other eight
  categories but are subject
• to DOT transportation regulations.
• Examples molten sulfur, PCBs (poly chlorinated
  biphenols), hazardous wastes.

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THE 1000 POUND RULE
A placard is not required when less than 1000
pounds of a particular hazard class is loaded at
one location. Exceptions to this rule include
some explosives, high-level radioactive
materials, poisonous gases, and flammable solids
which are dangerous when wet.
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Pesticide Labels   EPA requires the following
labeling on pesticide containers  

• Product Name
• Active Ingredients
• Signal Word Caution, Warning, Danger

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Clue 4 - Shipping Papers and Facility Documents
  
MODE NAME LOCATION NOTES
Highway Bill of lading, freight bill or manifest Cab of vehicle Must be within arms reach of driver and on drivers seat or door pocket when un-attended.
Rail Consist List or Waybill With conductor or engineer Provides an itemized listing of each car within the train.
Water Dangerous Cargo Manifest Wheelhouse of vessel or in document tube or box on a barge
Air Airbill Cockpit and attached to outside of packages In the possession of the pilot.
Pipeline Pipeline Markers Where pipeline crosses another mode of transportation Indicates owners name and 24 hour emergency contact information. Note contents of many pipelines change regularly.
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Clue 4 - Shipping Papers and Facility Documents
  
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)   Employers
must maintain MSDS for all hazardous substances,
stored, manufactured or used in the workplace.
MSDS has 8 basic sections
Section I Manufacturer
Section II - Hazardous Ingredients/Identity
Information
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Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
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Section V - Reactivity Data
Section VI - Health Hazard Data
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Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and
Use
Section VIII - Control Measures
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MSDS TERMINOLOGY   
A glossary of terms used in the MSDS can be found
at http//www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/index.html
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More Facility Documents

• Facility Emergency Response Plans (ERP)
•  
• Facilities storing EHS over a certain quantity
  must prepare an ERP. Identifies materials stored
  onsite and procedures to follow in an emergency.
•  
• Facility Emergency Action Plans (EAP)
•  Identifies emergency procedures. May
  identify hazardous materials that are present.
  Usually calls for employees to evacuate rather
  than respond to an emergency.
•  
• Facility Contingency Plan
• Required for large generators of hazardous
  waste. Must minimize hazards to human health or
  the environment from fires, explosions, or any
  unplanned sudden or non-sudden release of
  hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents
  to the air, soil, or surface water.

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• Clue 5 - Markings and Colors
•  
• 1. Container colors 
• Many organizations have established standardized
  color coding for
• containers such as the Compressed Gas
  Association.
• Compliance is not mandatory
• Colors may vary depending on the supplier
• Colors are not uniform statewide
•  
• 2. UN/NA Identification Number - 4 digit
  number established by DOT.
• Found in three locations during
  transport
•  
• Shipping papers
• On the vehicle placard
• Sometimes on the MSDS
• UN/NA number can be cross-referenced in
  the yellow - bordered pages of

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Clue 5 - Markings and Colors
NFPA 704 Diamond The National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) has developed a standardized
facility marking system commonly called the 704
system.
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The HMIS label   Found on containers of
hazardous materials. Similar to the NFPA label
for the blue, yellow and reactivity sections, but
white area identifies required PPE.
Clue 5 - Markings and Colors
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Clue 5 - Markings and Colors
Military Markings   Familiarize yourself
with the specialized hazards you may encounter
at military facilities.
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Clue 6 - The Human Senses Never use touch,
taste or smell to identify hazardous materials.
High odor thresholds and/or olfactory fatigue can
make your sense of smell unreliable. Many
hazardous materials do not have an odor.
Odor Threshold - The lowest concentration at
which a normal person should be able to smell a
material. Olfactory Fatigue The ability
to detect an odor decreases with continued
exposure to the odor.
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Clue 6 - The Human Senses
  Low Risk Senses Sight
and Sound High Risk Senses
Smell, Touch and Taste
Use sight and hearing to detect pressure
releases, liquids, gas leaks/vapor clouds,
victims and chemical reactions and/or explosions.
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Clue 6 - The Human Senses
With your sight, you can detect from a safe
distance
Vapor clouds

Corrosive actions
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BLEVE Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion
An explosive release of expanding vapor and
boiling liquid following the catastrophic failure
of a pressure vessel holding a liquefied gas such
as propane or LPG. A BLEVE is the worst possible
outcome when a propane or LPG tank is exposed to
fire. BLEVE hazards include fireballs, blast,
projectiles and possible toxic clouds or vapor
cloud explosions.
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BLEVE

• BLEVE warning signs
• Pinging sound from the metal shell
• Discoloration of the container (normally cherry
  red)
• Flaking of small metal pieces
• Bubble or bulge on the container
• Steam from the tank surface
• Shrill sound from the pressure relief valve
• Especially if increasing with passage of time
• Tear in container surface

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Methods of Identification  
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REVIEW Hazardous Materials Six
Clues Occupancy and Location Container
Shape and Size Placards and Labels Shipping
Papers and Facility Documents Markings and
Colors The Human Senses
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PART 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS Before
continuing, take a few minutes to answer the
following questions
Six important clues to recognizing hazardous materials are A. Occupancy and Location, Container Shape and Size, Placard and Labels, Shipping Papers and Facility Documents, Markings and Colors and the Human Senses. B. Occupancy and Location, Container Shape and Size, MSDS, Shipping Papers, Markings and Colors and the Human Senses. C. Occupancy and Location, Electronic monitoring equipment, MSDS, Shipping Papers, Markings and Colors and the Human Senses. D. Occupancy and Location, the NAERG, MSDS, Shipping Papers, Markings and Colors and the Human Senses. 2. The UN/NA number can be found on A. On shipping papers B. On the placard C. On the orange rectangular panel D. All of the above
3. The 1000 Pound Rule means a placard is not required when less than 500 pounds of a particular hazard class is loaded at one location. A. True B. False

• The correct interpretation of this
• NFPA placard would be
• A. Severe health hazard, extreme fire hazard,
  minimal reactivity hazard and water reactive.
• B.   Moderate health hazard, extreme fire hazard,
  minimal reactivity hazard and water reactive.
• C.   Severe health hazard, extreme fire hazard,
  moderate reactivity hazard and water reactive.
• D. None of the above.

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5. You can use your sight to detect A. Smoke and fire, chemical reactions, vapor clouds, victims, and good weather conditions. B.   Smoke and fire, chemical reactions, vapor clouds, victims, and corrosive actions. C. Smoke and fire, chemical reactions, vapor clouds, victims, corrosive actions, and unsafe responders. D.  Co-workers, chemical reactions, vapor clouds, victims, corrosive actions, and witnesses. 6. The high risk senses are A. Sight, touch and taste. B. Smell, touch and taste. C. Hearing, touch and taste D. Smell, sight and hearing
7. Pressurized containers have rounded ends and are made of heavy steel. A. True B. False   8. Section 2 of the MSDS gives you information concerning hazardous ingredients and chemical identity. A. True B. False

• 9. This placard means
• A. Virtually the entire load could detonate
  instantaneously if given the proper initiating
  source.
• Explosive with a projectile hazard but
• not a mass explosion hazard.
• C. Contains very small amounts of explosive
  materials with no projection hazard.

10. This placard means A. A flammable gas
is present. B. A flammable liquid is
present. C. A flammable solid is present.
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11. In a highway incident involving a tanker truck, shipping papers are generally found in the cab of the truck. A. True B. False 12. In a railroad accident, shipping papers can usually be found in the caboose or last car of the train. A. True B. False
13. Olfactory Fatigue occurs when the ability to detect an odor decreases with continued exposure to the odor. A. True B. False
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• PART 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS
• 1. A
• 2. D
• 3. B
• 4. C
• 5. B
• 6. B
• A
• A
• A
• B
• A
• B
• A

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This concludes Part 2 Hazard Identification
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Part 3 Taking Control
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• Part 3
• Taking Control
• After completing this section, you will be able
  to identify actions that protect responders and
  civilians during hazardous materials incidents
  such as
•  
• Actions needed to properly isolate the
  incident.
• Procedures necessary to activate an Emergency
  Response Plan.
• Proper protective actions to take in
  accordance with the NAERG.

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The North American Emergency Response Guidebook
(NAERG)

• U.S. DOT, Transport Canada and the Secretary of
  Communications Transport (Mexico) developed the
  NAERG. It should be carried in every emergency
  response vehicle in North America. The NAERG is
• Updated every 3 years.
• Duplicated and distributed free of charge by US
  DOT.
• Distributed by your countys Emergency
  Management
• office and your Local Emergency Planning
  Committee
• (LEPC).

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The North American Emergency Response Guidebook
(NAERG)

• Assists responders in making initial decisions
  at a hazardous
• materials emergencies.
• Users must know how to use and interpret the
  information
• provided.
• Designed for use in transportation emergencies
  (highway and rail).
• May have some use at fixed facility incidents.
• Instructions are based on the involvement of a
  single not
• multiple chemicals.

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Using the NAERG
The NAERG is divided into four basic sections
Yellow bordered pages provide an index list of dangerous goods in numerical order by UN/NA ID number.
Blue bordered pages contain a list of dangerous goods in alphabetical order by material name. If you know the chemical name, the UN/NA number can be cross-referenced in the blue bordered pages of the NAERG.
Orange bordered pages provide safety guidelines.
Green bordered pages provide information on initial isolation and protective action distances, and lists TIH materials including certain chemical warfare agents and water reactive materials which produce toxic gases upon contact with water.
TIH materials liquid or gases so toxic to
humans as to pose a hazard to health during
transportation
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• Using the NAERG
• To effectively use the NAERG, you must first
  recognize that you are dealing with a hazardous
  material. The hazardous material can be
  identified finding
• Look up the Guide number using one of the
  following
•  
• The yellow bordered numerical index.
• The blue bordered alphabetical index.

• The four digit ID number a placard or orange
  panel.
• The four digit ID number (after UN/NA) on a
  shipping
• document or package.
• The name of the material on a shipping document
  or package.

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Using the NAERG

• If you cannot identify the material, match the
  placard or label
• If you cannot find a name or an ID number, turn
  to the Table of Placards located on pages
  16-17 and use the guide page number indicated for
  the particular placard or DOT label.
• NOTE these placards are also located in Part 2
  of the course materials.

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Using the NAERG
A P next to the guide page in the yellow or
blue bordered pages, indicates the material can
undergo violent polymerization (heat/explosion).
If the index entry is highlighted, it is a TIH
or a Dangerous Water Reactive material.
P
TIH a liquid of gas so toxic to humans as to
pose a health hazard during transportation.
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HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION
A chemical reaction in which one or more small
molecules combine to form larger molecules. A
hazardous polymerization takes place at a rate
that releases large amounts of energy that can
cause fires or explosions or burst containers.
Materials that can polymerize usually contain
inhibitors that can delay the reactions.
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Using the NAERG
If you cannot find a chemical name or an ID
number, and you believe a hazardous material is
involved, turn to Guide Page 111 in the Guides
section (orange bordered pages) of the NAERG for
further help.
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(No Transcript)
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Using the Guides Section of the NAERG    
Potential Hazards  
83
Using the Guides Section of the NAERG
Using the of the NAERG Public Safety
84
Using the Guides Section of the NAERG
of the NAERG Public Safety
85
Using the Guides Section of the NAERG
of t Emergency Response  
86
Using the Guides Section of the NAERG of
t Emergency Response
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Using the NAERG
If the chemical is shaded in the yellow or blue
pages, look for the ID number and chemical name
in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective
Action Distances (green bordered pages) and
begin IMMEDIATE protective actions.
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Incident Control Zones
Incident
Command area, Support functions
Entry Corridor
Decontamination
Safe Refuge
HOT
WARM
COLD
Establish work zones
Hot Zone Work area where chemical hazards exist Separate with red barrier tape Do not enter w/o appropriate PPE
Warm Zone Work site area where decontamination occurs Separate with red barrier tape Semi-contaminated area Do not enter w/o appropriate PPE
Cold Zone Separate with yellow barrier tape No chemical PPE required
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Isolate and Restrict Access to Incident Scene

• Consider
• Roadblocks and traffic re-routing
• Perimeter control
• Personnel accountability system

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Protective Action Options

• Shelter in-place
• Short duration incidents
• Greater hazard to attempt to move
• Impractical to evacuate
• Evacuation
• Potential for massive fire or explosion
• Long duration incidents

• Seek shelter inside a building
• Turn off HVAC
• Close all windows and doors
• Seal all openings
• Stay inside until notified to leave

Review page 298 of your NAERG
91
Incident Command System (ICS)

• Initiate ICS to identify those authorized to
  enter the scene
• Senior response official/Qualified response
  official implements ICS
• Review ICS specified in ERP SOGs
• Must appoint safety officer
• NIMS and HAZWOPER require ICS
• To be IC requires minimum of Operations Level and
  IC training. Fire Chief, Police officer or county
  EM may not have the required training.
• Evaluate priorities for incident, life, property,
  environment (LIPE)

LIFE Health well-being, acute chronic health
hazards
PROPERTY Immediate destruction, fire, explosion,
long term contamination
INCIDENT Establish ICS, hazard zones take
proper protective actions
ENVIRONMENT Air, water, land pollution,
death/injury to wildlife
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Weapons of Mass Destruction

• C- Chemical
• B- Biological
• R- Radiological
• N- Nuclear
• E- Explosives

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Terrorist Activity Target Locations

• Public assembly areas and mass transit systems,
  i.e. subways, buses
• Government buildings and historic or symbolic
  sites
• Areas of significant economic impact, i.e.
  regional shopping centers
• Religious or controversial organizations
• Industrial and military facilities
• First Responders may intentionally be targeted to
  increase the impact of the attack.

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Targets in Our Area
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TERRORISM
A Chemical Release Important Clues

• Rapid on-set of medical signs and symptoms
• Dead animals and insects
• Chemical Residue
• Unusual odors and/or residue
• Discolored trees or foliage
• Skin, eye and/or airway irritation
• Indications of a hazmat release e.g. plume or
  cloud

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TERRORISM
A Biological Release Important Clues

•  
• Gradual on-set of medical signs symptoms
• No obvious odor and/or residue
• Hospitals are reporting mass casualties with
• the same signs and symptoms
• Widespread migration of illness
• Infected individuals transmitting to others

Review pages 354 - 356 of your NAERG
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Specific Actions for Suspected Terrorist
Incidents

• If a terrorism or other criminal activity is
  suspected,
• consider all of the following
• Take self protective actions
• Be alert to secondary devices
• Communicate suspicions during the notification
  process
• Establish work control zones and access control
  points
• Document the initial observations
• Attempt to preserve evidence

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REVIEW The NAERG Guidebook contains

• Guidelines for initial safety and protection
  actions.
• Basic response instructions.
• A numerical and an alphabetical index.
• Guide pages that can be selected by using the

• 4 digit UN/NA ID number
• The Material name
• A Placard comparison

Yellow bordered pages provide an index list of dangerous goods in numerical order by UN/NA ID number.
Blue bordered pages contain a list of dangerous goods in alphabetical order by material name.
Orange bordered pages provide safety guidelines.
Green bordered pages provide information on initial isolation and protective action distances.
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PART 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS Before continuing,
take a few minutes to answer the following
questions
1. The NAERG A. Was developed by U.S. DOT, Transport Asia and the Secretary of Communications Transport (Mexico). B.    Should be carried in every emergency response vehicle in North America. C.     Is duplicated and distributed for a small fee by US DOT. D.    Assists responders in making initial decisions at a hazardous materials emergency. E. B and D 2. In the NAERG, the green bordered pages contain A. The Table of initial isolation and Protective Action Distances. B. An alphabetical listing of hazardous materials. C. The emergency response Guides. D. A list of DOT placards.
3. In the NAERG, the blue bordered pages contain A. The Table of initial isolation and Protective Action Distances. B. An alphabetical listing of hazardous materials. C. The emergency response Guides. D. A list of DOT placards. 4. In the NAERG, the yellow bordered pages contain A. The Table of initial isolation and Protective Action Distances. B. The emergency response Guides. An listing of hazardous materials by UN/NA ID . A list of DOT placards.
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5. In the NAERG, the orange bordered pages contain A. The Table of initial isolation and Protective Action Distances. B. An alphabetical listing of hazardous materials. C. Safety Guidelines D. A list of DOT placards. 6. If you know the chemical name, the UN/NA number can be cross-referenced in the blue bordered pages of the NAERG A. True B. False
7. Street uniforms provide fairly good protection against chemical hazards. A. True B. False 8. The minimum level of protective clothing at hazardous materials emergencies is structural firefighter protective clothing with a positive pressure breathing apparatus. True False

101

• PART 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS
• 1. E
• 2. B
• 3. B
• 4. C
• 5. C
• 6. A
• B
• A

102
This concludes Part 3 Taking Control Please
take a few minutes to review the information
covered in this unit.
103
Part 4 Termination
104

• Part 4
• Termination
• After completing this section, you should be able
  to identify
• Three actions to take when terminating an
  incident.
• Information to gather during an incident
  debriefing.

105

• Termination Procedures
•  
• Are required by OSHA
• to identify operational weaknesses and to
  improve
• response and safety
• Conveys important information to the emergency
  responders
• Insures exposures are documented
• Insures improvements in future responses
•  

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On-Scene Debriefing Process

• Relays important information to responders
  concerning 
•   Hazardous material exposure(s).
• Signs and symptoms of over-exposure.
• Who to contact if symptoms of over exposure
  are
• experienced.
• T The responder must immediately seek medical
  attention if an
• exposure over the PEL has occurred.

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• Incident Critique
•  
• An incident critique should
•  
• occur immediately after the incident.
• involve all responders.
• reinforce the strong points.
• expose any weaknesses.
• identify any needed corrective actions.
•  

•  
• After action analysis
• an administrative function.
• implementation schedule for corrective actions
  is
• developed.
• Method for tracking implementation and
  effectiveness
• of changes is developed.
•  

108
PART 4 REVIEW QUESTIONS Before continuing,
take a few minutes to answer the following
questions
1. The following statement(s) are true regarding termination procedures A. Are required by OSHA. B. Convey important information to accident victims C. Insure improvements in future responses D. A and C 2. A Hazard Communication briefing is held after every incident and responder(s) are advised about A. Hazardous material(s) exposures. B. Signs and symptoms of over exposure. C. Procedures to follow if signs and symptoms occur. D. All of the above.
The following statement(s) are true regarding an incident critique A. It should occur within two weeks after the incident. B. It should reinforce the strong and weak points. C. It should involve only operational level responders. D. It should identify any needed corrective actions. E. B and D 4. The after incident analysis identifies A. Operational strong points. B. Operational weaknesses. C. Methods for correcting weaknesses D. All of the above.
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PART 4 REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS 1. D 2. D 3.
E 4. D
110
This concludes Part 4 Termination Please take
a few minutes to review the information covered
in this unit.
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FINAL EXAM To complete this training course and
receive your certificate of completion, you must
take and pass a proctored exam. A schedule of
exam dates, times and locations is listed below
Date Time Location






Please contact Sherry Starling at [phone]
x 247 or starlings_at_wfrpc.dst.fl.us to register
for an exam.