STUDY OF COGNITIVE DEFICITS

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STUDY OF COGNITIVE DEFICITS DEPRESSION IN
ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME

• Surekha Reddy

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THIS CHILD WAS BORN WITH DOWN SYNDROME
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THIS CHILD WAS BORN WITH DOWN SYNDROME
Down Syndrome is a Chromosomal Disorder and is
the Most common cause of Mental Retardation and
Malformation in a new born.
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DOWN SYNDROME IS NOT A DISEASE AND IT CANNOT BE
CURED
Physical Characteristics of Down Syndrome
There are certain physical characteristics which
are common in Down Syndrome. These appear in
about 80 of all cases.

• The eyes have an upward and
• outward slant.
• 2. There is a fold of the skin on
• the inner side of the eye
• (epicanthal folds)
• The face has a flat appearance

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DOWN SYNDROME IS NOT A DISEASE AND IT CANNOT BE
CURED
Physical Characteristics of Down Syndrome
There are certain physical characteristics which
are common in Down Syndrome. These appear in
about 80 of all cases.

• 4. The head is smaller than average
• The ears are smaller and lower set
• 6. The mouth is small and the lips are
• thin which leads to the tongue
• sticking out as the inside of the mouth
• is smaller.

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Cont.

• The neck appear short.
• The hands are broad and flat
• with short fingers and there is a
• single crease across the palm
• the feet are broad with short toes
• and there is a larger space than
• normal between the big toe
• and the other toes.

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Cont.

• There is poor muscle tone
• (hypotonia)
• Reflexes tend to be weaker
• and the cry is weak.

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THE CHILD MAY ALSO HAVE

• MOTOR CLUMSINESS
• CARDIAC DEFECTS
• BONE ANAMOLIES
• VISION PROBLEMS

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THE CHILD MAY ALSO HAVE

• HEARING PROBLEMS
• THYROID DEFICIENCY

• SPEECH AND ARTICULATE PROBLEMS
• UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

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Aim

• To findout the level of depression of Down
  syndrome individuals and their mothers and its
  impact on cognitive and adaptive behaviour.

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Objectives

• To develop the depression rating scale and assess
  the level of depression of Down syndrome.
• To assess the cognitive function of the Down
  syndrome individuals.
• To find out the relationship between cognitive
  functions and level of depression of the Down
  syndrome individuals.
• To find out the impact of demographic variables
  on level of depression among the syndrome
  individuals.
• To examine the relationship of the family support
  and level of depression among the Down syndrome
  individuals.
• To find out the level of depression of the
  mothers of persons with Down syndrome.

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HYPOTHESIS

• Hypothesis 1. There will be significant
  difference in the level of cognitive functions
  between male and female Down syndrome
  individuals. 
• Hypothesis 2. There will be significant
  difference in the level of depression between
  male and female Down syndrome individuals. 

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Contd

• Hypothesis 3. There will be significant
  difference in the level of depression between the
  Down syndrome individuals living in Joint and
  Nuclear family.
• Hypothesis 4. There will be significant
  relationship between the cognitive function and
  the depression of the Down syndrome individuals

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Contd..

•  Hypothesis 5. There will be significant
  difference in the level of depression between
  Down syndrome individuals belong to different
  socio economic status.
•  Hypothesis 6. There would be significant
  difference in the level of depression among the
  different age groups of mothers of the children
  with Down syndrome.

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METHOD OF INVESTIGATION

• Research Design This is study is
  cross sectional explorative in nature.

• Sampling Design Purposive sampling technique is
  used to collect the data.

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SAMPLING PROCEDURE
Special School
Initial screening by Neuropsychiatries
Interview with parents
Selection of samples
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Contd
Informed consent from parents
Administration of Assessment tools
Total Sample
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Tools used for the study
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Table No.1 Shows N, Mean, S. D, and t Value
for level of cognitive functions of the male and
female down syndrome individuals.
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Table No.2 Shows the correlation between the
cognitive functions and level of Depression
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Table No.3 Shows the N, Mean, S.D, and t value
of level of Depression between Male and Female
individuals v
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Table No.4 Shows N, mean, S.D, and t value for
level of depression of individuals with Down
syndrome living in different family type
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Table No.5Showing the analyses of variance of
the level of depression among with the different
age groups of mothers of the children with Down
syndrome
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Table No.6Shows mean, S.D, and t level of
depression between Down syndrome individual
belong to different socio economic status
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Findings

• 1. There was no significant difference in the
  level of cognitive functions between male and
  female DSI
• 2. There was a significant relationship between
  intelligence and depression
• 3. There was significant difference in the level
  of Depression between male and female DSI

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Contd

• 4. There was significant difference in the level
  of Depression between the Down syndrome
  individuals. living in joint and nuclear family
• 5. There was significant difference in the level
  of Depression among the difference age groups of
  mothers of Down syndrome individuals
• 6. There was significant difference in the level
  of Depression between the Down syndrome
  individuals belong to different socio economic
  status

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Conclusion

• The adults with Down syndrome suffer cognitive
  deficits and also have early onset of depression.
• The mothers of the children with Down syndrome
  also suffer from psychological problems.

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Limitations of the Study

• Time factor was constrain the study
• The study has been restricted only on adults with
  Down syndrome.
• Counseling the parents was difficult and time
  consuming

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Implications and Suggestions

• The present study found certain relationship
  between cognitive and psychological problems
  this provides an insight and awareness to
  understand the problems adults with Down syndrome
  are going through.
• This awareness will be helpful for the teachers,
  special educators, social workers, Rehabilitative
  Psychologists and parents to start a
  comprehensive intervention at an early stage.

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• THANK YOU
• Surekha Reddy