Pharmacodynamics

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Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics
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Half Life ?????
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Mechanisms of Transfer
No energy
O2,CO²,Na,K,Cl
Electric charge
Lipid solubility
MW and Receptor
Glucose,Ca,P and Fe
Enzymatic energy
Amino acidVitamins
Pinocytosis
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Simple diffusion
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?????????????? lt 1000 Dalton
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Uteroplacenta Blood Flow ?????????
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Placental capillary memb. ?????
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Maternal factors
Route of administration
Time of administration
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Metabolism of drugs in Mother
Uterine blood flow
Placental factors
Rate of diffusion
Drugs metabolism by placenta
Maternal diseases
Others causes for placental insufficiency
Drugs effect gt asphyxia
Fetal factors
Fetal liver
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Know genetic transmission
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Chromosome anomalies
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Environmental factors
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Infections
Maternal Diseases
Drugs and Chemical
Irradiation
lt 1
2-3
1-2
4-5
Multifactorials/Unknown
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Major malformation
Minor malformation
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Ovum period
Embryonic Period
Fetal Period
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Teratogenicity During Embryogenesis
Killed,otherwise no teratogenic effects
CNS differentiation occurs
Axial skeleton and musculature
Limb buds
Eyes,heart and lower limbs
Organ differentiation well
Differentiation complete
Maturation occurring
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???????????????????????????????? Human Teratogens
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Acetaminophen
Category B
Aspirin
Category C
NSAID
Category D
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Penicillin ??? Cephalosporins
B
Macrolides
B
D
Tetracycline
Aminoglycosides
D
C
Fluoroquinolones
Sulfonamide
C
Antitubercurosis
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Heparin ?????????????????????????
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????????????????????????Category D
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Category A
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Category D
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??????????????????? Category B ???? C
Brompheniramine ????????????????????????????
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Social drugs exposure
Alcohol
?????????????? D
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Social drugs exposure
Caffeine
?????????????? B
Smoking
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Social drugs exposure
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Social drugs exposure
????? (Marijuana)
?????????????? C
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Social drugs exposure
Cocaine
?????????????? C
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Social drugs exposure
??????? (Heroin)
?????????????? B
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Social drugs exposure
Methadone
?????????????? B
Withdraw Symptoms
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Methotrexate
?????????????? D
Azathioprine
Leukopenia
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Cyclosporin A
?????????????? C
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1-2 ???????????????????????????????????????????
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????? American Acedemy of Pediatrics
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????? American Acedemy of Pediatrics
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Bromocriptine
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????? American Acedemy of Pediatrics
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Ergotamine
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????? American Acedemy of Pediatrics
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Lithium
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????? American Acedemy of Pediatrics
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Radiopharmaceuticals
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Metronidazole
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Cimetidine
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Methimazole
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