Oscar Schofield, Josh Kohut, John Wilkin, Scott Glenn

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GOES-MAB 2007 HOT SUMMER IN THE CITY
Oscar Schofield, Josh Kohut, John Wilkin, Scott
Glenn Rutgers University
Katja Fennel Dalhousie University
Research http//marine.rutgers.edu/cool
Education http//coolclassroom.org
Public Outreach http//www.thecoolroom.org
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Continental Shelves Where are we?
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Hudson River Plume
Real-time datasets in Google Earth
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CODAR Current Maps of Hudson River Plume -
Positioning ships to inject dye in an ebb tidal
pulse
0400
0600
1000
0800
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Virtual Dye Release in CODAR Current Fields
Most Drifters Recirculate with the Sea
Breeze. Some exit to the South, some exit to the
Southeast.
Morning Synoptic Winds
More on Sea Breeze Ocean Response
Afternoon Sea Breeze
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The Nearshore Recirculation An Incubator for
Phytoplankton
Drifters Recirculate
Observatory Finds The Frazer Eddy!
Hudson River
Oxygen Drops
Large Phytoplankton Dominate
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Mixing of the Hudson and Raritan Rivers
Standard SeaWiFS
Standard RGB
Phyotoplankton Absorption
Detritus Absorption
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Freshwater Plume moves Cross-Shelf, down the
Hudson Shelf Valley
Satellite SST
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LaTTE 2005 -- After Luring the Cape Hatteras
Offshore.
Shipboard Salinity Section Across the NJ Coastal
Current and the HSV Highway
The survey began on the Highway. We were near
the glider when it surfaced. We saw currents
ripping southward in a 10 m thick layer of
freshwater along the highway -- perhaps the most
significant freshwater transport we saw all
week. Perhaps the most perplexing to me
is the Highway and why there has been a lack of
a strong coastally trapped flow this week.
--- Bob Chant aboard the Cape Hatteras, April
21, 2005
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NJ Turnpike Cross-shelf HSV pathway
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Long-term Motivation Hypoxia on New Jersey Shelf
CODAR SST
Warsh NOAA 1989
Observatory Finds Upwelling Eddies
Three Southern Low DO Regions Caused by
river outflows? No! Eddies generated by
upwelling topography. Eddies concentrate
phytoplankton gt Low DO
Models Used to Explain Why
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NEARSHORE SIGNIFICANT FOR THE OFFSHORE
7-Year Mean Percent of Total Chlorophyll
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NEARSHORE SIGNIFICANT FOR THE OFFSHORE
Days 213-216
Days 209-212
Days 217-220
- Blooms begin nearshore and they are advected
offshore
- Blooms begin dissipate 60-90 km offhsore

• These episodic blooms account for 26 of the
  annual shelf chl a
• Deposition appears to occur over the MAB cold
  pool

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OFFSHORE SIGNIFICANT FOR THE NEARSHORE
May 2
May 8
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LaTTE 2006 Check the Coastal Current Glider
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FOR GOES 2007, USE OBSERVING ASSETTSTO ALLOW
PLANE AND SHIP ASSETTS TO CHARACTERIZE OCEAN
COLOR VARIABILITY
Ship-to-Shore Communications
CODAR Network
Cable
Glider Fleet
X-Band
L-Band
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Ocean Color
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NJ DEP, US EPA, Rutgers Partnership for Water
QualityHyperspectral Remote Sensing
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Present Status of the Mid-Atlantic Long-Range
Mid-Range Systems
9 Operating 3 Funded 3 Pending
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Present Status of the Standard Range Systems
10 Operating 4 Funded
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Each Radar Measures Radial Component of the
Surface Current
Hudson Plume April, 2005 Summer Storm July,
2005
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SUSTAINED SPATIAL TIME SERIES
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SUBSURFACE SPATIAL MAPS ANCHORED BY AUVs
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SUSTAINED SPATIAL TIME SERIES
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WHO OTHER THAN SCIENTISTS WANT THIS DATA?

• Can last up to 28 days outfitted with optical,
  physical and oxygen sensors. Even at a max.
  speed of 30 cm s-1 they can map large distances.
  Pictured below is a transect for over half of the
  state of New Jersey. State of New Jersey
  Department of Environmental Protection and EPA
  are buying gliders for water quality monitoring
  in 2006.

LEO
Hudson River Estuary
Salinity
Red surface current Blue depth averaged
current
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Next Year? New sensors
Fluorescence kinetics Photosynthetic rates,
quantum yields Is the nepheloid layers dominated
by living material?
Radiant light field Underwater visibility
models What can we see?
Above water measurements Air-sea temp.
diffrence, radiant heating
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Modeling Tools for the LaTTE Process Study
Atmospheric Model WRF
Ocean Physics ROMS
Biogeochemical NENA, EcoSim
Bowers, Dunk
Choi, Wilkin
Fennel, Bissett
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WITH STRONG LOCAL FORCING YOU DO VERY WELL
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LaTTE 2006 Track the Drifters
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SOME TIMES MODEL WORKS GREAT, HOWEVER SOMETIMES
MODEL NEEDS DATA
Glider
Model
Model
Glider
Temperature
Temperature
Salinity
Salinity
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Models improving especially subsurface data
becomes available
SHAREM 150 (Glenn et al)
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Which models are right? How complex do the
models need to be? What are the limits of
predictability?
Maybe
90 ecosystem solution Transport, transport,
transport, an ocean of passive tracers is cool
Or maybe
90 ecosystem solution A few idealized plankton
driven by the mixing in a Redfield ocean
Or maybe
90 ecosystem solution Ecosystem function is
tied directly to ecosystem complexity
Model Complexity Increasing
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Biomass-based models available in ROMS
NPZD
NNPChlZDD
NNSiPChlPChlZDD
Phytopl.
Zooplankton
DIN
Detritus
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Biomass-based models available in ROMS
NPZD
NNPChlZDD
NNSiPChlPChlZDD
Phytopl.
Chl
NO3
Small detritus
Large detritus
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Biomass-based models available in ROMS
NPZD
NNPChlZDD
Diatoms
NNSiPChlPChlZDD
Chl
Small Phytopl.
Chl
Small detritus
Large detritus
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EcoSim (Complex)
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NOPP Biologics
NSF Hudson River Plume
ONR Shelf Break Front
DoD MURI
NSF Mid-Shelf Front
NOAA GOES
NASA Ocean Niches
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