Home Network

1
Home Network

• LEARNING OUTCOME 6- Build basic home network
  including design, configuration and distribution
  methods.
• Note that all learning activities address
  outcomes 1-5 to some degree.

2
LAN

• Local Area Network
• Computer network that covers a small area
• Home LAN
• Office LAN
• Connected by wire or wireless
• Can be connected to Internet via
• Telephone
• Dial-up
• DSL
• Cable
• One of the nodes in LAN acts as a Node in the
  World wide Web (Gateway)

3
OSI ModelOpen Systems Interconnect

• Describes how computers communicate defined as a
  series of layers
• Developed by ISO International Standards
  Organization
• 7 Layers
• Layer 7 Application
• Closest to end user access information on
  network via application e-mail, databases
• Layer 6 Presentation
• Translates data and encrypts or compresses it
• Layer 5 Session
• Controls sessions between computers
• Layer 4 Transport
• Transfers data between end users and checks for
  reliability
• Layer 3 Network
• Performs network routing determines paths
• Layer 2 Data link
• Provides physical addressing MAC address
  packages bits of data
• Layer 1 Physical
• Transmits bits (0 and 1) regulates
  transmissions over medium such as wires

4
Data Packets

• All data in LAN moves in packets
• Data packets contain
• Type of data
• Where is it coming from Source address
• Where is it going Destination address
• Advantages
• Information can be checked and resent if
  corrupted
• NIC card on receiving PC uses checksum to verify
  integrity of data received
• Information travels faster in smaller pieces
• Information flow is easier to control by network
  devices

5
TCP/IP UDP

• TCP/IP Transmission control protocol/Internet
  Protocol
• Protocol used in the Internet
• Protocol used also for e-mail, Remote Login,
  Telnet, and File Transfer
• TCP Transmission Control Protocol
• Connection-oriented
• Reliable protocol
• Connection is established before information is
  sent
• Breaks messages into segments, re-assembles at
  destination

6
TCP/IP UDP

• UDP User Datagram Protocol
• Connectionless
• Transmits messages
• No delivery checking
• Depends on upper layers to check for error
  correction and reliability
• TCP and UP use different ports to identify the
  application to which data belongs
• Example of ports
• FTP TCP Port 20 (data) and Port 21 (control)
• Telnet - TCP port 23
• TFTP UDP Port 69

7
Network

• Reasons users create a network
• Share files
• Share printer
• Share media
• Video surveillance

8
Sharing on the Network

• File Sharing
• Create a home server
• Centralized resource location to store files
• Printer sharing
• Home server above can support print sharing
• One printer can serve all computers
• Saves money
• Instead of buying a printer per PC it will be 1
  printer for all computers
• Media Sharing
• Store data
• Download large files from internet and share with
  family members
• Personal video recorders TiVO
• Devices can hold hours of programming

9
Other Reasons for Networking

• E-mail
• E-mail important service for home user
• Might create own YYY_at_home e-mail service
• Outsource to ISP (Internet Service Provider)
• Data Storage
• Rent data storage to ISP for a small fee
• ISP
• MSN
• ATT
• Earthlink
• NetZero
• Juno
• Video Surveillance
• Common practice in residential networks
• Images can be stored in PCs and accessed anytime
  or remotely across internet

10
Network

• Define scope of network
• Gather technical requirements or specs
• What the customer wants to accomplish
• Location of equipment throughout the house
• Budget constraints
• Time constraints
• Develop timeline
• Meet with homeowner/update homeowner of progress

11
Network

• Determine network services
• Advice homeowner of services provided by network
• Services
• Video, E-mail, Internet, VPN
• Private network inside a public network
• Point-to-point connection
• Home to Corporate LAN
• Telecommuter/Home Office
• Lifestyle
• - Business Use, Casual Use, Games, Music,
  Internet surfing
• - Single person, Couple, Family
• Security
• Share devices
• Printer ,CD-ROM, Files, Digital Cameras
• Remote Access

12
Equipment

• Document Equipment
• Discuss with homeowner type of equipment in
  network and what will be added in the future in
  order to design network ready for growth
• Existing equipment is compatible
• Number of PCs and peripherals on the network
• Laptops
• Wireless
• Wired
• Future equipment will also be compatible with
  current equipment
• Determines location of wall jacks for cable
  connections
• Telecommuters
• Additional equipment might be needed

13
Outlets

• Determine Outlets
• Discuss location of existing current and future
  equipment
• Different types of outlets
• Consider wireless
• No new wires
• New construction
• Standard is to run wires

14
Wired or Wireless

• Dependent on construction type
• New
• Remodel
• Retrofit
• Wired
• Copper cable
• Fiber-optic cable

15
Network Topologies

• - Topology Physical layout of a network
• - Home single line layout, in a loop or a line
  to central point
• Bus topology Single line layout
• Ring Topology Loop layout
• Star Topology Line to central Point
• Hybrid Start Topologies Combination of the
  above
• Extended star topology
• Mesh Topology everything gets connected

16
Ethernet

• Type of LAN
• Easy to setup
• Run cable
• Data transmission measured in Mbps (Megabits per
  second)
• 10 Mbps
• 100 Mbps
• Defined in IEEE 802.3

17
CSMA/CD

• Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect
• - Devices listen for data on network
• - If wire clear then device transmits
• - If wire busy then device waits before it
  transmits for clear signal
• - If two or more devices try to transmit
• - Collision occurs
• - Everything stops
• - After random period devices start transmitting

18
Ethernet Cabling

• 10BaseT or 100BaseT
• Uses UTP
• Cat3
• Cat5
• Cat5e
• TIA/EIA 570-A
• Grade1
• Minimum requirement is Cat3
• Recommends Cat5
• Grade 2
• Minimum Cat 5
• Recommended Cat 5E

19
HomePNA

• HomePNA Home Phone Network Alliance
• http//www.homepna.org
• Home network
• Internet sharing
• Voice
• Data
• Share peripherals

20
HomePNA

• HomePNA Home Phone Network Alliance
• Home network using existing coax and phone lines
• Does not affect telephone service
• Works like Ethernet network
• Speeds up to 240 Mbps
• HomePNA hardware installed on computer or device
• Adapters
• NIC
• USB-to-HomePNA
• Ethernet-to-HomePNA
• Patch cord connects device to phone line
• Devices
• Driver software
• Residential gateways
• Broadband modems
• HomePNA specification version 3.0

21
HomePNA

• Coexists with
• POTS
• ISDN
• ADSL
• Backwards compatible
• - Members
• ATT Labs
• Motorola
• Samsung electronics
• TATUNG
• Linksys

22
Powerline

• PLC / HomePlug / CEBus / X10
• Power Line Carrier Systems Powerband
• LAN that uses power-line cabling in home to send
  signals to devices
• X10 www.smarthome.com
• Communications protocol
• Uses existing 110-volt wiring inside home
• X10 transmitter sends signal
• X10 receiver will receive signal
• Almost all home automation relies on X10
• Limitations
• Cannot handle sophisticated commands
• Typical commands
• ON, OFF ,ALL ON, ALL OFF
• Slow transfer rate of information
• Unreliable due to noise in power lines
• One-Way communication
• Cannot detect if device is already ON or OFF

23
Powerline

• CEBus - http//www.cebus.org/index.html
• CEBus devices communicate with other CEBus
  devices over existing powerlines
• HomePlug - http//www.homeplug.org/en/index.asp
• Supplements wired and wireless technologies
• Easy to setup network
• Plug in two certified HomePlug adapters
• Connect PC Ethernet cable to adapter

24
Broadband

• Broadband Coaxial Systems
• Coax cable found in many homes
• Provide Cable TV service CATV (Community
  Antenna)
• Video programming
• Telephone service
• High speed internet service
• Services are transmitted and received in
  different frequencies
• Same cable can
• Distribute cable
• Transmit internet
• Broadband vs Baseband
• Broadband carry multiple signals
• Baseband carry only one signal send or
  receive but not both at same time

25
Firewire

• IEE1394 Firewire
• High-performance serial bus
• Support high-bandwidth requirements
• Digital video equipment
• High-capacity mass storage
• Data transmission rates up to 400 Mbps (1394a)
  and 800 Mbps (1394b)
• Firewire port can connect up to 63 external
  devices
• Supports plug and play
• Hot pluggin
• Supply powers to peripherals
• Data delivery rate is guaranteed
• Ideal for real-time applications such as video

26
Wireless

• Alternative in hard-to-cable areas
• Advantages
• Easy installation
• No wires
• Portable computers
• Disadvantages
• Signal distance limitation
• Signal interference
• Signal not always secure
• Frequencies
• 2.4 GHz RF spectrum reserved for unlicensed
  devices
• 5 GHz
• Infrared
• Wireless technologies
• 802.11
• Bluetooth
• HomeRF

27
802.11 Wireless LANs

• IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics
  Engineers
• - Use Access point to integrate into Ethernet
  network
• - 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g
• - 2.4 GHz frequency band or 5 GHz frequency
• - FHSS- Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
• -spreads transmission over different radio
• frequencies
• - little interference but low speed 2 Mbps
• - DSSS - Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
• - OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division
  Multiplexing
• - splits signal into smaller sub-signals and
  transmit All of them at the same time

28
802.11

• 802.11 original standard
• 2.4 GHz frequency
• 1 to 2 Mbps
• Uses either FHSS or DSSS
• 802.11a
• 5 GHz frequency
• Up to 54 Mbps
• Uses OFDM
• Range about 10 meters

29
802.11

• 802.11b
• Referred to as Wi-Fi
• 2.4 GHz frequency
• 11 Mbps, with fallback to lower speeds
• Range 30 meters
• Uses DSSS
• 802.11g
• 2.4 GHz frequency
• Up to 54 Mbps speed
• Uses OFDM
• Works well with 802.11b
• Range about 30 meters

30
802.11

• Expected next - 2007
• 802.11n
• 2.4 GHz frequency
• Up 540 Mbps
• MIMO multiple input/multiple output
• Multiple antennas receiving and transmitting
• Range about 50 meters

31
Wireless Security

• 802.11
• WEP Wired Equivalent privacy
• Does not protect users in the network from each
  other
• WEP is weak and has been broken
• WPA took over WEP
• Wi-Fi protected access
• WPA2 is the latest version

32
Internet Access

• Factors affecting access
• Availability in area
• Cost of service
• Location of home
• Comfort level of homeowner with technology
• Ways to get Internet
• Dial-up
• DSL
• Cable
• Satellite

33
Dial-up

• Slowest speeds of all services
• Uses a modem
• Communicates over a telephone line
• 56 Kbps is maximum speed
• Slow down
• Graphics
• Audio
• Video

34
Bluetooth

• Short distance RF communication
• up to 10 meters
• links between PC, cameras and other portable
  devices
• PDAs, Mobile phones, Laptops, PCs, Printers,
  Digital cameras
• Operates in 2.4 GHz
• SSFH
• Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping
• support voice and data
• Solution to replace infrared remote controls
  currently available
• Technology promoted by
• 3Com, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Lucent, Microsoft,
  Motorola, Toshiba and Nokia
• Speeds
• Bluetooth 1.0
• Up to 721 Kbps
• Bluetooth 2.0
• 2.1 Mbps

35
HomeRF

• Wireless networking
• Uses SWAP
• Shared Wireless Access Protocol
• Six duplex voice channels plus Ethernet
• Uses 2.4 GHz freqeuency
• Home RF is dead
• By Richard Shim Staff Writer, CNET
  News.comPublished January 7, 2003, 550 PM PST
• A consortium of companies promoting a wireless
  home networking specification to compete with
  Wi-Fi disbanded at the beginning of the year,
  representing its commercial end

36
DSL

• Digital Subscriber Line
• Uses telephone line
• Uses frequencies not used by the voice portion of
  the telephone line
• Speed
• About 50 time faster then dial-up
• 1.5 Mbps
• DSL modem needs to be used
• Users can use voice and data at the same time on
  the same telephone line
• Distance is drawback
• Customer must be close to the Telephone company
  office
• Other problems
• Lower voice quality

37
DSL Technologies

• HDSL
• High Data Rate
• Sends and receives data at same speed
• Require two lines in addition to voice line
• SDSL
• Symmetric Digital
• Phone is not used at the same time speed is the
  same
• ADSL
• Asymmetric Digital
• Download rate is faster then upload
• RADSL
• Rate-Adaptive
• Modem adjusts the connection speed
• VHDSL
• Very High Digital
• Fastest connection up to 52 Mbps short
  distance only

38
Infrared

• Infrared
• Infrared technology
• Remote controls
• VCRs
• TVs
• CD players
• Line of sight wireless technology

39
Cable

• Provided by Cable Television providers
• Uses Coax cable
• Speed
• 320 Kbps up to 10 Mbps
• Bandwidth shared among users in area
• Uses cable modem

40
Satellite

• Use satellites
• Use a DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite system
• Speed is up to 45 Mbps download but upload has to
  use telephone system
• Dial-up connection secondary internet service
• Advantage
• available worldwide
• Disadvantage
• expensive

41
Fiber

• Fiber can deliver large amounts of data over a
  long distance
• Resistant to EMI Electromagnetic Interference
• FIOS from Verizon
• http//www22.verizon.com/content/consumerfios/abou
  tfiostv/aboutfios.htm

42
Network Equipment

• NIC
• Network Interface Card
• Plugs into expansion slot in side PC or
  motherboard
• Allows computers to communicate with network
• Has a MAC address
• 48 Bit identifier physical address
• Servers
• Provide services to other computers in network
• E-mail
• Storage
• Applications
• Switches/Hubs
• Switch
• Network device that filters and sends data
• Devices connected to switch do not compete for
  bandwidth
• Each device is its own LAN
• Hub
• Sends data to all devices in network

43
Gateways and Routers

• Residential Gateways
• Used to connect to the Internet
• Server can also be used as a gateway
• Firewall software
• It acts as a router, switch and modem together
• Routers
• Can do more than switches and bridges
• Can be Computers with software
• Can be network device
• Route packets received on one port to another
  port
• Make decisions
• Keep table of routes
• Keep optimal routes
• Router RG

44
Wireless Access

• Wireless Access point
• Network equipment that connects to Ethernet
  network
• Radio transceiver distributes signals
• More expensive than regular Wired routers or hubs
• Disadvantage distance limitation

45
Network Connection

• Network connection is very important
• Outlets
• Location determined by the homeowner
• Wall outlets
• Phone outlets
• Connect phone line RJ11
• Cable outlet
• Connects Coaxial cable RG6 F type connector
• Data outlet
• Connects Cat 5 RJ45
• Power outlet
• Power line
• Universal outlet
• Custom type jack Coax, phone line, Cat 5/6 and
  powerline
• Type I
• Most common
• 1 Cat 5/6 and 1 Coax
• Type II
• Connects 2 Cat5/6 and 2 Coaxial cables

46
Network Termination

• Proper termination of wires
• SMC
• Structure Media Center
• Telephone module
• Data Module
• Network termination points
• Punch-down blocks
• 110-type termination block voice and data
• 66-type termination block voice telephone
• BIX block similar to 110-type block
• Krone block used in Europe and Australia 45
  degree angle contacts
• Patch panels

47
Existing Equipment

• Connect with Existing Equipment
• Legacy equipment and devices can exist
• Interoperate legacy and new equipment
• Manuals
• Manufacturer websites
• Other resources
• Approach
• Upgrade software
• Upgrade BIOS
• Run additional cabling
• Research backward compatible adapters
• Used wired and wireless solutions

48
Documentation

• Documentation is very important
• Wire detail chart
• Devices
• Outlets
• Type of wire used
• Location of devices
• Cable labeling convention

49
Configuration Testing

• Software
• OS
• Network OS
• IP address sharing
• Web services
• Buy latest version of software
• Vendor specific
• Upgrades and patches will always be available
• Technical support
• Open Source
• Linux
• Help is available everywhere

50
Network

• NAT
• All devices share a single IP address to access
  Internet
• Provides security
• DHCP
• Dynamic Host Control protocol
• Computers automatically obtain IP configuration
• IP address
• Subnet Mask
• Default Gateway
• DNS Servers
• WINS Servers
• Web Services
• Contain Web page on Internet

51
IP Address

• Internet Protocol Address
• Every device in a network needs to have an IP
  address in order to communicate
• Types
• Public address
• Private address
• Static address
• Dynamic address
• If a device needs to be accessed from the outside
  then
• Assign a public static IP address
• Assign a private IP address and assign a Port in
  the Residential Gateway to point to the assigned
  IP address
• More secure then public static entry

52
Address Conservation

• Address conservation techniques
• Use NAT
• 1 or 2 public IP addresses can be used with NAT
• RFC 1918 NAT - http//www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1918.
  html
• Private IP addresses
• 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

53
Public Vs Private

• ISP provide static or dynamic IP addresses
• 1 static IP is OK if all network access goes
  through Residential Gateway
• Dynamic is cheaper
• Does not support remote control access
• Upgrade issues
• Static IP
• Costs more
• Supports remote control
• Upgrade

54
Firewall

• Broadband technologies always on
• Expose network to risks
• Hacker stealing data
• Hacker taking over your network
• Hack into other networks
• Installation of Firewall
• Prevents hacker attacks on home network
• Closes broadband connection when attacked
• Allows different levels of security
• Records all Internet access events
• In Corporate environment
• Firewalls is the most popular method of
  protecting LAN from outsiders
• Computer with software can be a firewall
• Open ports in order to work
• SMTP Port 25
• POP3 port 110
• HTTP port 80

55
Final Phase

• Install Test Equipment
• Equipment installation and testing hardware
• Follow manufacturers instructions
• Do test run

56
Troubleshooting

• Testing connectivity
• Verify all computers can connect to internet
• Use PING Packet Internet Groper
• Command utility
• Ping Host name or IP address
• If PING errors out then troubleshoot
• Check NIC
• Cable
• Wall jack

57
Questions Feel free to contact the creators of
this material

• Julian Carranza, jcarranza_at_dcccd.edu
• Mike Harsh, mharsh_at_ccccd.edu

This material is based upon work supported by the
National Science Foundation under Grant No.
0402356. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions
or recommendations expressed in this material are
those of the author(s) and do not necessarily
reflect the views of the National Science
Foundation