Exploration

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Exploration Colonization

• 1492-1673

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In the late 1400s European explorers began to
sail and chart the oceans of the world.
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An Era of Exploration

• In 1001, Viking sailors led by Leif Ericson
  reached North America. They left no permanent
  settlement.

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Discovered in Norway in 1906, the Oseberg ship,
the best preserved Viking ship ever found,
reveals its Norse shipbuilders' graceful
construction style.
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Christopher Columbus

• 1492 Made the Atlantic crossing with the Niña,
  Pinta, and Santa Maria.
• He traveled for Spain, hoping to reach the East
  Indies by sailing across the Atlantic.
• Instead, he reached the West Indies, islands in
  the Caribbean.

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• Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has
  seen and thinking what nobody has thought.
• Christopher Columbus, The Admiral whochanged
  the world

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Lasting Impact of Columbus

• His voyages marked the beginning of lasting
  contact between Europe, Africa, and Americas.
• Devastated the Native American population.
• Columbian Exchange exchange of goods, ideas,
  disease, etc. between the Eastern and Western
  Hemispheres.

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Spain Builds an Empire

• Balboa crossed the isthmus of Panama and
  claimed the Pacific for Spain
• Magellan circumnavigated the globe.

Diaries, stories, maps
library.thinkquest.org/ J002678F/balboa.htm
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Spanish conquistadors

• Cortés Conquered the Aztecs, killed their
  emperor Montezuma.
• Pizarro Conquered the Incas
• De Soto explored Florida and died looking for
  gold he never found
• Coronado claimed present day New Mexico and
  Arizona for Spain

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Settling New Spain

• 3 settlements pueblos, presidios, and missions
• 4 social classes Peninsulares, creoles,
  mestizos, Indians
• Encomiendas land grants to Spanish colonists
  which included the right to demand labor or taxes
  from the Indians

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Harsh Life for Native Americans
Indians forced to work in Spanish mines
Most die so Spanish seek other labor sources
Atlantic slave trade begins
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Colonizing North America

• Search for the Northwest Passage

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Rivalries Among European Nations

• The Protestant Reformation in 1500s divided
  Europe
• Europeans settling in the Americas brought their
  rivalries with them (Example Sir Francis Drake)

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Francis Drake made a habit out of raiding the
Spanish treasure fleets. He brought gold and
jewels home to England. When the Spanish
complained to Queen Elizabeth, she knighted him
Sir Francis Drake!
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Sir Francis Drake
Why do you think he wanted to be painted with his
hand on a globe?
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New France

• Settled along the St. Lawrence River
• Hunters and trappers (coureurs de bois runners
  of the woods)
• Established friendly relations with the Indians
• Expanded down the Mississippi River
• Most largely free of government control

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New Netherland

• Settled along the Hudson River around what is now
  New York
• Established a busy port.
• The Dutch and French became rivals in the fur
  trade.
• The Rivals established alliances with Native
  tribes, thus increasing warfare among the
  Indians, French, Dutch, and English.

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Jamestown

• The 1st permanent English settlement
• Had a disastrous start
• Thanks to the Indians, they survived
• When colonists started growing tobacco, the
  colony got better. By 1620, England was
  importing more than 30,000 lbs of tobacco a year.

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Signing the Mayflower Compact
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You try and survive!

• http//www.historyglobe.com/jamestown/