Impetus for a Great Lakes recreational boating study was the Commission

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Impetus for a Great Lakes recreational boating
study was the Commissions concern about the Army
Corps of Engineers Cost Savings Initiative
Process and its implications for the maintenance
of federally-authorized Great Lakes Harbors. The
Commissions primary concern was with the
shallow draft navigation and the fact that
recreational harbors did not fare well when
assessed by the Corps cost-benefit method.
Benefits that accrue from recreational boating
were not considered in evaluating the cost of
dredging. Many of these harbors, particularly
those that were built exclusively for smaller
craft, could ultimately lose their periodic
maintenance dredging.
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Recreational Harbor Dredging The perceived
rationale is that commercial navigation is
clearly in the federal interest, while
recreational boating activities are not. This
rationale reflects a narrow perspective on the
value of recreational harbors to the nation as a
whole, and one that, in light of the economic
data contained in this study, may not be
accurate.
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Dredging priorities in recent years has focused
on maintaining commercial navigation channels and
recreational and shallow draft harbors are
getting dredged less frequently or not at all.
Dredging recreational harbors has become
increasingly piecemeal and reactionary.
Recreational harbor dredging is usually done in
the areas of greatest need, where a member of
Congress has complained, or where it is
conveniently located near a commercial dredging
operation.
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94 Great Lakes recreational harbors have been
federally authorized. FOUR have never been built
Kellys Island (Lake Erie) Black River/Alcona
(Lake Huron) Cedar River Harbor (Lake Michigan)
and Northport Harbor, (Lake Michigan) FOUR
have been de-authorized or are classified as
inactive (Beaver Bay and Lutsen Harbors on Lake
Superior and St. Joseph River and Washington
Island on Lake Michigan) and one is on an inland
lake (Little Lake near Lake Superior).
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There are currently 85 federally-authorized
recreational (shallow draft harbors) harbors and
channels on the Great Lakes maintained by three
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Districts Chicago,
Buffalo and Detroit Districts. Sixty-five
federally authorized recreational harbors are
managed by the Detroit District, which covers
Lakes Superior, Michigan and Huron (the shores
along the states of Michigan, Minnesota and
Wisconsin). The Buffalo District maintains 21
shallow draft harbors along the shores of Lake
Erie and Ontario (shores of states of Ohio,
Pennsylvania and New York).
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Of the 85 federally authorized recreational
harbors in the Great Lakes managed by the Corps,
nearly one fifth (17) are also harbors of refuge
(20 ).
Harbors of Refuge
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For the Detroit District, which covers three of
the Great Lakes, there are 54 such harbors, and
some of them could be in jeopardy unless a new
measure is devised to account for
benefits. With the possibility of a new harbor
funding program resulting from the Supreme
Courts invalidation of part of the Harbor
Maintenance Tax, tonnage thresholds may be
considered in the dredging decision process.
Some of these ports and harbors have also
experienced increased recreational boating and
any prioritization process for dredging pegged to
minimum commercial tonnage could jeopardize
timely dredging at those places.
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It is estimated that there are more than a
quarter million marina slips available in Great
Lakes states. Most (89 percent) are seasonal
rental slips. An average of 93 percent of the
accessible seasonal slips in Great Lakes counties
were occupied the summer of 2004, which means
that about 107,000 boats were kept in Great Lakes
county marinas during the boating season.
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List of Recreational Harbors
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Not all recreational harbors are necessarily
shallow draft harbors. Some deep draft harbors
once used for commerce no longer support
commercial activities. These harbors are likely
to benefit from the former commercial status and
not require dredging for many years.
List of Deep Draft Recreational Harbors
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Detroit District Current authorities and
appropriations supports shallow draft harbor
dredging of 2,046,825 cubic yards at a cost of
nearly 11 million The Detroit District
estimates that, in FY05 alone there remains about
555,000 cubic yards of material that needs to be
dredged to fully maintain shallow draft harbors.
The cost to complete the unmet dredging needs
in these 30 Detroit District shallow draft
harbors is 6.9 million which is not now
available.
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Buffalo District The Buffalo District supports
20 active recreational harbors. One recreational
harbor, Kellys Island Harbor in Ohio, is yet to
be constructed. Of the active recreational
harbors, 77 of those located on Lake Erie have
unmet dredging needs. Three harbors with
dredging frequency needs of 10 years have unmet
dredging frequency needs.
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Buffalo District Four of the six harbors with a
dredging frequency of four years or less have
unmet dredging frequency needs. Half-- 50 (4
out of 8) of the recreational harbors located on
Lake Ontario have unmet dredging needs. In FY05
alone there remains about 200,000 cubic yards of
material that needs to be dredged to fully
maintain shallow draft harbors and the cost to
complete the unmet dredging needs is estimated at
710,000. .
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Watercraft Registration Trends in Great Lakes
States.
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Number of Currently Registered Watercraft by
State of Registration and Boat Length, 2003.
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Number of Watercraft by State of Residence and
Registration.
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Number of Watercraft Currently Registered to
Residents of Great Lakes Counties in Great Lakes
States, 2003
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Registered Watercraft by Segment and State of
Registration.
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Average Craft Spending by Segments ( Per boat
per day).
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Total Craft Spending for Registered Boats Using
Great Lakes ( Millions).
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Average Trip Spending by Segments ( Per boat
per day).
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Total Trip Spending for Registered Boats Using
Great Lakes ( Millions).
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Terms Economic Impacts are the changes in sales,
income, value added and jobs in the region
associated with boating activity. Impact
estimates measure the size and importance of
boating to the regions economy, not impacts in a
with versus without sense.
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Terms Sales Sales of firms within the region
to boaters. Jobs The number of jobs in the
region supported by the boater spending. Job
estimates are not full time equivalents, but
include part time and seasonal positions. Four
seasonal jobs for three months each counts as one
job on an annual basis, whether part time or
full time. Personal income Wage and salary
income, sole proprietors income and employee
benefits.
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Terms Value added Personal income plus rents
and profits and indirect business taxes. As the
name implies, it is the value added by the region
to the final good or service being produced. It
can also be defined as the final price of the
good or service minus the costs of all of the
non-labor inputs to production. Value added is
the best measure of the contribution of an
industry or region to gross state or national
product.
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Terms Indirect effects Changes in sales,
income and jobs from industries that supply goods
and services to the business that sell directly
to the visitors. For example, linen suppliers
benefit from boater spending at lodging
establishments. Induced effects Changes in
economic activity in the region resulting from
household spending of income earned through a
direct or indirect effect of the visitor
spending. For example, motel and linen supply
employees live in the region and spend the income
earned on housing, groceries, education, clothing
and other goods and services.
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Terms Total effects Sum of direct, indirect
and induced effects. Direct effects accrue
largely to boating and tourism/service-related
business in the area. Indirect effects accrue to
a broader set of economic sectors that serve
these firms. Induced effects are distributed
widely across a variety of economic sectors.
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Economic Impacts of Trip Related Spending for
Registered Boats in Great Lakes States.
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Economic Impacts of Craft Related Spending for
Registered Boats in Great Lakes States.
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Total Craft Spending for Registered Boats Using
Great Lakes ( Millions).
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Economic Impacts of Craft Spending for Registered
Boats Using Great Lakes ( Millions).
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Total Trip Spending for Registered Boats Using
Great Lakes ( Millions).
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Economic Impacts of Trip Spending for Boats Using
the Great Lakes.
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Direct Economic Impacts of Registered Boats on
State Economies
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Total Economic Impacts (Direct and Secondary) of
Registered Boats on State Economies.
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Direct Economic Impacts of Boats Using the
Great Lakes
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Total Economic Impacts of Boats Using the
Great Lakes