MODIS Ocean Data Workshop

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MODIS Ocean Data Workshop

• Introduction and MODIS History

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LaSells Stewart Center
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OSU Campus
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Valley Library
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A Short History

• 1983 NASA began to explore the concept of a
  polar-orbiting platform to complement a manned
  polar-orbiting space station
• Beginning as System Z, gained momentum with
  NASAs proposed Global Habitability program
• After Challenger disaster, polar space station
  disappeared as did manned servicing requirement
• System Z became EOS Earth Observing System
• Several instrument suites were developed
• Surface Imaging and Sounding Package (SISP)
  included the Moderate Resolution Imaging
  Spectrometer
• MODIS soon split into 2 concepts
• MODIS-N focused primarily on land and atmosphere
  sensing but included some ocean bands
• MODIS-T (tilting) focused on ocean
• Because of budget constraints, MODIS-T vanished,
  replaced by MODIS-N and EOS-Color (to follow
  SeaWiFS)
• Further budget reductions led to replacement of
  EOS-Color by SIMBIOS

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Some Obscure Facts

• MODIS was always viewed as the keystone sensor
  for EOS
• Three pairs of MODII were planned initially to
  provide a 15-year time series
• NOAA was involved for much of the development of
  EOS
• Budget constraints and orbit incompatibilities
  led to eventual decoupling of NASA and NOAA
• NASA always expected that NOAA would eventually
  assume responsibility for MODIS-like measurements

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INTRODUCTION -MODIS OCEAN DATA PRODUCTS
WORKSHOP
Wayne E. Esaias GSFC Code 971 - Oceans and Ice
Branch wayne.e.esaias_at_nasa.gov http//modis-ocean.
gsfc.nasa.gov September 4, 2003 Oregon State
University
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Early EOS Approach

• Obtain 15-20 Year Consistent Time Series
• Upgrade to New Technology
• Transition Research Mission to Quasi Operational
  System
• Centralized Data System
• COTS approach
• Active Archive Center (DAAC) System
• Ongoing Instrument Team Responsibility
• Instrument performance linkages to
• science product performance
• Transition to a truly operational climate system

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Brief MODIS History

• Definition Panel 1984
• Selection of Instrument, Instrument Team - 1989
• Restructuring - 1992
• MODIS-T out, PM MODIS-N in (6 MODIS-Ns)
• Major budget reduction - 1997
• Addition of team member investigations
• EOSDIS rescope
• 6 platforms reduced to 1st 2 - AM-1, PM-1
• Launch Terra 12/1999
• Launch Aqua 5/2002
• Re-compete in mid 2003

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Instrument Overview

• The MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
  (MODIS), one of the key instruments for NASAs
  Earth Observing System (EOS), was built by
  Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing (SBRS)
• MODIS ProtoFlight Model (PFM) was launched on
  board Terra spacecraft on 12/18/99 (first light
  on 02/24/00).
• http//terra.nasa.gov/
• MODIS Flight Model 1 (FM1) on Aqua spacecraft was
  launched on 05/04/02 (first light on 06/24/02)
• http//eos-pm.gsfc.nasa.gov/
• 20 Reflective Solar Bands (RSB) 0.4 - 2.2
  microns
• 16 Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) 3.5 - 14.5 microns

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MODIS Chronology

• MODIS Instrument Panel formed - 1984
• Instrument Panel Report (MODIS N T) 1986
• Phase-B Studies (N T) complete 1989
• MODIS Science Team selected - 1989
• MODIS-T CDR - 1990
• MODIS-N Contract Award to SBRC 1991
• EOS program restructured - 1992
• EOSDIS restructured - 1996
• Protoflight Model shipped 1997
• EOS Terra launched 12/18/99
• EOS Aqua launched 05/04/2002

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MODIS Instrument DefinitionTeam

• Wayne Esaias (Chairman) NASA
  Hq.
• William Barnes (Secretary)
  NASA/GSFC
• Mark Abbott
  Scripps/JPL.
• Steve Cox
  Colorado St. Univ.
• Robert Evans
  Univ. Miami
• Robert Fraser
  NASA/GSFC
• Alexander Goetz
  NASA/JPL
• Howard Gordon (Ex-officio) Univ.
  Miami
• Christopher Justice Univ.
  Maryland
• E. Paul McClain
  NOAA
• Marvin Maxwell
  NASA/GSFC
• Robert Murphy
  NASA Hq.
• Joseph Prospero
  Univ. Miami
• Barrett Rock
  NASA/JPL
• Steven Running Univ. Montana
• Raymond Smith
  Univ. Cal. Santa Barbara
• Jerry Solomon
  NASA/JPL
• Michael Spanner (Ex-officio)
  NASA/ARC
• Joel Susskind
  NASA/GSFC

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MODIS Science Team
ATMOSPHERES Michael King (group leader)
NASA/GSFC Bo-Cai Gao
NASA/GSFC Yoram Kaufman
NASA/GSFC Paul Menzel
NOAA/Univ. Wisconsin Didier Tanre
Univ.
Lille/France   LAND Christopher Justice (group
leader) Univ. Maryland Alfredo Huete
Univ. Arizona Jan-Peter
Muller Univ.
London/UK Ranga Myneni (1997)
Boston Univ. Vincent Salomonson (team leader)
NASA/GSFC Steven Running
Univ. Montana Alan Strahler
Boston Univ. John Townshend
(1997) Univ. Maryland Eric
Vermote (1997)
NASA/GSFC Zhengming Wan
Univ. Cal. Santa Barbara
OCEANS Wayne Esaias (group leader)
NASA/GSFC Mark Abbott
Oregon State Univ. Ian Barton
CSIRO/ Australia Otis Brown
Univ. Miami Janet Campbell (1997)
Univ. New Hampshire Kendall Carder Univ. South
Florida Dennis Clark
NOAA/NESDIS Robert Evans
Univ. Miami Howard Gordon Univ.
Miami Frank Hoge
NASA/GSFC John Parslow
CSIRO/Australia   CALIBRATION Phillip Slater
(group leader) Univ.
Arizona Kurt Thome (group leader
1999-present) Univ. Arizona William Barnes
NASA/GSFC
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MODIS-T Phase B
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MODIS-N Phase B
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MODIS SPECIFICATIONS
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MODIS Scan Cavity and OBCs
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VIIRS vs. MODIS Size, Power
MODIS 2 m3/230 kg/147 W
VIIRS lt1.2 m3/250 kg/200 W
129 cm
118 cm
107 cm
65 cm
164 cm
138 cm
92-10-175
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MODIS Ocean Science TeamTeam Members and
Associate Team Members
Mark Abbott Oregon State University Barney
Balch Bigelow Otis Brown University of
Miami Dennis.K.Clark NOAA/NESDIS Janet
Campbell University of New Hampshire Ken
Carder University of South Florida Wayne
Esaias NASA Robert Evans University of
Miami Howard Gordon University of Miami
Frank Hoge NASA Kay Kilpatrick University
of Miami Ed Kearns University of Miami
Ricardo Letelier Oregon State University Peter
Minnett University of Miami Ken Voss
University of Miami
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MODIS Ocean Science TeamSupport
Jasmine Nahorniak Oregon State University
Bruce Bowler Bigelow Mark Yarborough Moss
Landing Tim Moore University of New
Hampshire Bob Chen University of South Florida
Sue Walsh University of Miami Jim
Brown University of Miami Warner
Behringer University of Miami Kevin Turpie
GSFC, SAIC Ron Vogel (MODAPS) GSFC,
SAIC Donna Thomas GSFC, SAIC Aumber
Bhatti GSFC, SAIC Bob Woodward (SDST) GSFC,
SAIC
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TERRA MODIS NIGHTTIME 4mm SST
MAY 2001 V 3.3.1
-2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Co
MODIS/OCEAN GROUP GSFC, RSMAS
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EOS MODIS SUCCESS CRITERIA
Develop improved calibration and science
products Process and reprocess the data to make
it available for 6 year mission
life Distribute products and tools to the
science and operational communities. Improve
understanding of how to best implement
operational transitions of a national climate
time series There are many lessons learned from
MODIS Assemble feedback from science community
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MODIS Ocean Products

• MODIS Instruments
• Terra (1030 morning),
• Aqua (1330 afternoon)
• 40 products
• 4 SST,
• 36 Ocean Color
• Resolution
• Spatial
• Level 2 - 1km, 2000km x 2000km
• Level 3 - 4km, 39 km, 1 deg all products are
  global
• Temporal Resolution
• Level 2 - 5 minute granule
• Level 3 - daily, 8 day week, monthly, yearly

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MODIS Ocean data products

• There are 86 ocean parameters available in over
  100 categories of MODIS Ocean data types
  archived by (and may be obtained from) the NASA
  Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center.
• The three basic groupings of MODIS ocean data
  parameters are
• ocean color
• sea surface temperature
• ocean primary production
• Ocean Parameter categories
• 36 Ocean Color parameters
• 4 Sea Surface Temperature parameters
• 8 Primary Productivity parameters
• (including 2 Primary Production indices)
• 38 Quality Control parameters.

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Processing levels

• Ocean color and sea surface temperature are
  available at a variety of processing levels
• Level 1 - Unprocessed top of the atmosphere
  radiance/reflectance
• At 1-km spatial resolution
• 5 minute granule time resolution
• Level 2 swath data
• At 1-km spatial resolution
• 5 minute granule time resolution
• Level 3 global binned or mapped data
• spatial resolutions of 4.63km, 39km, or 1 degree
• Time resolutions of one day, 8 days, a month or a
  year.
• The binned data products use an integerized
  sinusoidal equal area grid (ISEAG). The mapped
  products use a Cylindrical Equidistant
  Projection.

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DATA BINNING PATHWAYS
Ocean Color SST
Ocean Primary Productivity
YEARLY PGE74
L3
L3
L3
L3
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
PGE52
MONTHLY PGE73
L3
L3
L3
L3
8-DAY PGE54
L4
L4
L4
L4
L3
L3
L3
L3
PGE51
DAILY PGE20
L3
L3
L3
L3
L2
Binned Maps
1 km 4.6 km 4.9km 39km 1 111 km
Swath ISEAG Linear Linear Linear
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Level 4 Productivity

• Ocean primary production data is available only
  as binned or mapped Level 4 (i.e. L4) data.
• Ocean Productivity outputs are averaged weekly or
  yearly. Like the L3 data, the L4 data is
  organized spatially as either 4km ISEAG gridded
  bins or as maps using a Cylindrical Equidistant
  Projection. The mapped data products are
  available in a choice of 4km , 39km, or 1 degree
  spatial resolutions. More than one model is used
  for deriving these data products and some quality
  statistics are available.

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Where to get data and more information

• Information locations
• MODIS Oceans home page
• http//modis-ocean.gsfc.nasa.gov
• MODIS Oceans QA Browse 36km Imagery (MQABI)
• http//mqabi.gsfc.nasa.gov
• Select Terra collection 4 or Aqua Collection 3
• Useful links to documentation and related web
  pages
• http//modis-ocean.gsfc.nasa.gov/doclinks.html
• Data Ordering locations
• NASA GES DAAC WHOM (NASA - Goddard DAAC)
• http//daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/
• Select Ocean color -gtMODIS-gtocean
• EOS DATA GATEWAY EDG
• - http//modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/ordering.html

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Team, Quality Assurance, Processing, and User
data access relationship
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Backups
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Terra - Daytime Descending Orbits
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Aqua - Daytime Ascending Orbits
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8 Day (Weekly) Composites Terra Aqua
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Development,characterization, and performance of
the EOS MODIS sensors
W. Barnes, X. Xiong, B. Guenther and V.
SalomonsonNASA/GSFC Greenbelt, MD
20771SPIE/Earth Observing Systems VIIIAugust
3-6, 2003San Diego, CA
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VIIRS Heritage in Key Components
Full-aperture Calibrators
Angular Momentum Compensator (SeaWiFs)
Reflective Spectralon Solar Diffuser (MODIS TRMM-V
IRS)
Emissive V-Groove Blackbody (MODIS Design)

• Diamond-turned Postpolished
• All-reflective Optics
• Rotating Telescope (SeaWiFS) (less stray light
  vs. MODIS)
• 3-mirror Anastigmat
• Aft Optics
• 4-mirror Anastigmat

Passive Flat-panel Radiative Cooler (Raytheon
IRD)

• Stand-alone Electronics Module
• Reliable, redundant design
• Reprogrammable in flight

• Scan Control
• MODIS SeaWiFs
• Based Optical Encoders
• lt30 µrad Uncertainty

High-performance 2nd-generation Focal Planes
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VIIRS RTA
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VIIRS Optics