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Alpha-theta

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Alpha-Theta Training. Peniston & Kulkosky (1989) ... 4) SMR NF 5) Alpha-Theta NF 6) Exercise. Alpha-Theta neurofeedback group had significant change in musical ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Alpha-theta


1
Alpha-theta
  • The Addicted Brain
  • Drug abuse produces long-term changes in the
    reward circuitry of the brain

2
Electrical stimulation of brains (ESB)
  • Electrical stimulation of brains of rats - James
    Olds in 1950s
  • Jacobsen and Torkildsen replicated work in
    humans
  • some epileptics stimulated themselves into
    convulsions

3
INTRA-CRANIAL SELF-STIMULATION
  • Rodent wireheads
  • 0.0005 amperes for less than a second whenever
    rat pushed lever
  • Rates of up to 10,000 bar-presses an hour
    recorded
  • Medial forebrain bundle passing through lateral
    hypothalamus and ventral tegmentum
  • An animal will self-stimulate for more than 24
    hrs continuously without rest, and will cross
    electrified grid to gain access to lever
  • Other brain centers are aversive, such as
    periaqueductal grey matter (PAG)
  • Ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons manufacture
    dopamine and they are under continuous inhibition
    by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, an
    important component of the final common pathway"
    of reward, implicated in addiction, mood, and
    learning.

4
Delgado, Primate wireheads, and Circuitry man
5
Prevalence
6
Lifetime Rates by Gender
Disorder Males Females TOTAL ()
Anxiety disorder 19 31 25
Unipolar Depression 13 21 17
Mania 2 2 2
Substance dependence 35 18 27
Any disorder 49 47 48
7
Alpha-Theta Training
  • Peniston Kulkosky (1989)
  • Alpha activity deficits in alcoholics known since
    1940s
  • Drinking produces rewarding slow waves (alpha)
  • Normal state has much more high beta
  • Teach alcoholics to produce alpha without drinking

8
Peniston Protocol
  • Hand-warming primed EEG biofeedback techniques
  • Guided visual imagery during Alpha-Theta
    training, especially addict behavior rejecting
  • O1 site used (Pz by W. Scott)
  • Goal is crossover state high theta state
    associated with reverie, disidentification with
    ego self
  • Results
  • Alcoholism PTSD very low relapse rate, lt20 9
    years out
  • Chemical addicts, ½ relapse rate 18 months out
    (Kaiser Scott, 1999)

9
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10
Scott Kaiser, 1999
11
Scott Kaiser, 1999
12
MMPI (Minnesota MultiPhasic Inventory)
  • Hypochondriasis (Hs) - neurotic concern over
    bodily functioning  
  • Depression (D) - symptomatic depression.  
  • Hysteria (Hy) - hysterical reactions to stress
    situations
  • Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) - psychopathy, asocial,
    amoral
  • Masculinity-Femininity (Mf) - originally
    developed to identify homosexual invert males,
    now those who reject traditional gender roles.  
  • Paranoia (Pa) - paranoid symptoms
  • Psychasthenia (Pt) - excessive doubts,
    compulsions, obsessions, and unreasonable fears
    (OCD).  
  • Schizophrenia (Sc) - identify
    schizophreniaHypomania (Ma) - hypomanic
    disturbances
  • Social Introversion (Si) - person's tendency to
    withdraw from social contacts and
    responsibilities.  

13
MMPI Derived Empirically
  • Developers used every personality question they
    could find
  • 1. Tested on various clinical groups
    (depressive, schizophrenics, etc.)
  • 2. Large pool of questions
  • 3. Kept only those questions that
  • discriminated between groups

14
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15
MMPI (Minnesota MultiPhasic Inventory)
  • Validity Scales     
  • "Cannot Say" scale 30 omitted items
    invalidates test
  • L Scale Lie scale - not willing to admit even
    minor shortcomings.
  • F Scale - detect atypical ways of responding to
    test items.  
  • K Scale detect subtle attempts at denying
    psychopathology or, conversely, at exaggerating
    psychopathology overall defensiveness

16
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17
Scott Kaiser, 1999
18
Kaiser Othmer, 199?
19
Substance Abuse Study OutcomeWilliam Scott,
Thomas Brod, MD, Stephen Siderof Ph.D.,
David Kaiser, Ph.D.,
Meredith Sagan, MD. (2002)
  • Crack, Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Heroin
  • All participants in 12-step inpatient program
  • Control group n61
  • Experimental group n60
  • 40-session EEG biofeedback added to 12 step
    program
  • Compared abstinence rates, psychometric measures
  • UCLA HSPC approved the study design
  • 12 month post study (those who completed)
  • 36 of 47 experimental subjects were abstinent
  • 12 of 27 control subjects were abstinent
  • Experimental subjects stayed in treatment
    significantly longer (plt 0.005) compared to the
    control group
  • This confirmed and extended earlier studies

20
Royal Conservatory of MusicImprovement in
Musical Performance
  • Dr. John Gruzelier, Ph.D, Tobias Egner, Ph.D.
    Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and
    Behavior, Imperial College, London, 2003,
    Neuroreport.
  • Subjects top music students
  • Goal could training show measurable improvement
    in performance
  • 15 minute musical performance assessed prior and
    subsequent to training.
  • Performances were video-recorded, randomized and
    rated by expert musicians external to the Royal
    College of Music.
  • Six groups created each with different
    training
  • Alexander Technique 2) Mental skills 3) Beta NF
  • 4) SMR NF 5) Alpha-Theta NF 6) Exercise

21
Alpha-Theta neurofeedback group had significant
change in musical improvements
Overall Quality ( 14.4 , p .06) Musical
Understanding ( 16.4 , p lt .01) Stylistic
Accuracy ( 13.5 , p lt .01) Interpretative
Imagination ( 17 , p lt .01)
Study since replicated
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