Psychological Therapies

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Psychological Therapies
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Psychotherapy

• An interaction between a trained therapist and
  someone suffering from psychological difficulties.

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Eclectic Approach

• The most popular form of therapy- it is basically
  a smorgasbord where the therapist combines
  techniques from different schools of psychology.

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Psychoanalysis

• Freud's therapy.

• Freud used free association, hypnosis and dream
  interpretation to gain insight into the clients
  unconscious.

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Psychoanalytic Methods

• Psychotherapists use their techniques to overcome
  resistance by the client.

• The psychoanalyst wants you to become aware of
  the resistance and together interpret (ex. Latent
  content) its underlying meaning.

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Transference

• In psychoanalysis, the patients transfer to the
  analyst of emotions linked with other
  relationships.

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Humanistic Therapy

• Focuses of peoples potential for
  self-fulfillment (self-actualization).

• Focus on the present and future (not the past).

• Focus on conscious thoughts (not unconscious
  ones).

• Take responsibility for you actions- instead of
  blaming childhood anxieties.

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Client (Person) Centered Therapy
Most widely used Humanistic technique is

• Developed by Carl Rogers

• Therapist should use genuineness, acceptance and
  empathy to show unconditional positive regard
  towards their clients.

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Active Listening

• Central to Rogers client-centered therapy

• Empathetic listening where the listener echoes,
  restates and clarifies.

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Behavior Therapies

• Therapy that applies learning principles to the
  elimination of unwanted behaviors.

• The behaviors are the problems- so we must change
  the behaviors.

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Classical Conditioning Techniques

• Counterconditioning
• A behavioral therapy that conditions new
  responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted
  behaviors.

Two Types
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Systematic Desensitization

• A type of counterconditioning that associates a
  pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing
  anxiety-triggering stimuli.

How would I use systematic desensitization to
reduce my fear of old women?
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Systematic Desensitization

• Progressive Relaxation

Exposure Therapy
Flooding
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Virtual Technology Exposure Therapy
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Aversive Conditioning

• A type of counterconditioning that associates an
  unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.

How would putting poop on the fingernails of a
nail biter effect their behavior?
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Aversive Conditioning
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Aversive Conditioning

• What are some ways you can change the behaviors
  of your friends with aversive conditioning?

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Operant Conditioning

• Token Economy an operant conditioning procedure
  that rewards a desired behavior.

A patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned
for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various
privileges or treats.
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Cognitive Therapy
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Cognitive Therapies

• A therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive
  ways of thinking and acting based on the
  assumptions that thoughts intervene between
  events and our emotional reactions.

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Cognitive Therapy

• Cognitive Therapists try to teach people new,
  more constructive ways of thinking.

Is .300 a good or bad batting average?
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Cognitive Therapy
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Aaron Beck and his view of Depression

• Noticed that depressed people were similar in the
  way they viewed the world.
• Used cognitive therapy get people to take off the
  dark sunglasses in which they view their
  surroundings

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Cognitive Therapy- Does It Work?
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Group Therapies
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The Biomedical Therapies
Therapies aimed at the altering the body
chemistry.
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Psychopharmacology

• The study of the effects of drugs on mind and
  behavior.

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Drugs and Hospitalization
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Emptying of Mental Hospitals
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Testing New Drugs

• When a new drug is released there is always too
  much enthusiasm.

• Must use a double-blind procedure to combat
  placebo and experimental effects.

These experiments better able use to classify
different types of drugs
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Antipsychotic Drugs

• Antipsychotic drugs are a class of medicines used
  to treat psychosis and other mental and emotional
  conditions.

These drugs are beginning to help schizophrenics
with both positive and negative symptoms.
These drugs (Thorazine) often have powerful side
effects
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Antianxiety Drugs

• Includes drugs like Valium and Librium.

• Like alcohol, they depress nervous system
  activity.

• Most widely abused drugs.

Do they really solve the problem?
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Antidepressant Drugs

• Lift you up out of depression.

Most increase the neurotransmitter Norepinephrine.
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Prozac, Paxil Zoloft

• Work by blocking serotonin reuptake.

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Electroconvulsive Therapy

• Biomedical therapy for severely depressed
  patients in which brief electric current is sent
  through the brain of an anesthetized patient.

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Psychosurgery

• Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in
  an effort to change behavior.

Egas Moniz developed the lobotomy in the 1930s.
Ice pick like instrument through the eye sockets
cutting the links between the frontal lobes and
the emotional control centers.
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Lobotomy