Do You Know Where Your Bull Is Do You Know Your Bulls Physical and Fertility Conditions Do You Know

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Do You Know Where Your Bull Is?Do You Know Your
Bulls Physical and Fertility Conditions?Do You
Know the Importance of Breeding Soundness
Evaluation?

• Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS
• Texas AgriLife Extension Service
• College of Veterinary Medicine
• Texas AM University
• http//extesionvetmed.tamu.edu

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Do You Know Where Your Bull Is?

• Hes not staying with the cows.
• Hes not serving the cows.

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Hes not staying with the cows.

• In the shade
• Lying down
• Unable to find cow in heat
• Hes gone

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In the shade

• pinkeye
• cancer eye
• fat
• hot
• lazy
• tired
• low libido

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Lying down

• thin, weak, tired, low libido
• foot crack, foot corn, foot rot, toe fracture,
  long toes
• bursitis (hip, stifle, hock, ankle, shoulder,
  spine)
• fever (sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleursy,
  peritonitis, abscess, gastroenteritis, orchitis)
• anemia (lepto, anaplas)

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Unable to find cow in heat

• pinkeye
• cancer eye
• sinusitis

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Hes gone

• no grass
• no cows in heat

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Hes not serving the cows.

• Unable to mate
• Unable to ejaculate
• Unable to conceive

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Unable to mate

• foot problem
• bursitis
• penis problem (infection, hair ring, broken
  penis, warts, frenulum, spiral penis)
• sheath problem (infection, prolapse)

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Unable to ejaculate

• seminal vesiculitis
• scrotal hernia

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Unable to conceive

• low sperm count (inherited small testicles,
• orchitis, epididymitis, scrotal adhesions,
  pointed
• scrotal shape, straight scrotal shape, fat,
  thin,
• inheritable)
• low sperm motility (inheritable)
• high abnormal sperm (inheritable)

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Do You Know Your Bulls Physical and Fertility
Conditions?

• You make observations and evaluations.
• Your scoring criteria.
• Have a veterinarian conduct a breeding soundness
  evaluation (BSE).
• Scoring criteria for BSE by veterinarian.
• Rating of BSE by veterinarian.

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You make observations and evaluations.

• physical observation
• serving observation
• bull to cow ratio evaluation
• pregnancy evaluation

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Physical observation

• injury
• lameness
• illness
• conformation abnormalities
• penile abnormalities

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Serving observation

• ability to mate
• ability to ejaculate
• libido and serving capacity

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Bull to Cow ratio evaluation

• 110 to 160

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Pregnancy evaluation

• 60 100

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Your scoring criteria.

• normal physical observations
• able to mate (physical and learning factors)
• able to ejaculate
• moderate to high libido and serving capacity

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Moderate to high libido and serving capacity

• genetically influenced
• unrelated to semen quality and masculinity
• 1 or more services in 1 cow in 10 to 15 minutes
• 3 or more services in 4 cows in 40 minutes

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Have a veterinarian conduct a breeding soundness
evaluation (BSE).

• one to two months before and immediately after
  breeding season.
• external physical examination
• internal physical examination
• semen evaluation
  
  

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External physical examination

• age
• teeth
• flesh cover
• nose
• eyes
• feet
• legs

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External physical examination

• prepuce
• penis
• frenulum
• testicles (size, shape, consistency)
• cords
• epididymis
• scrotum (shape, free)

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Internal physical examination

• seminal vesicles
• inguinal rings

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Semen evaluation

• sperm motility
• sperm morphology

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Scoring criteria for BSE by veterinarian.

• physical examination
• scrotal circumference
• sperm motility
• sperm normality

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Physical examination

• normal

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Scrotal circumference

• 15 months 30 cm minimum
• 24 months 33 cm minimum

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Sperm motility

• 30 minimum

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Sperm normality

• 70 minimum

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Rating of BSE by veterinarian.

• satisfactory potential breeder
• classification deferred
• unsatisfactory potential breeder

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Do You Know the Importance of BSE?

• High breeding ratio.
• High conception rate.
• Short breeding season.
• Short calving season.
• Heifer progeny.

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High breeding ratio.

• 140 to 160

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High conception rate.

• greater than 90

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Short breeding season.

• less than 3 months

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Short calving season.

• increased total weaning weight

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Heifer progeny.

• younger puberty age
• regular heat cycles
• greater lifetime productivity