Gas in protoplanetary disks

1
Gas in protoplanetary disks

• Miwa Goto
• Max Planck Institute for Astronomy,
• Heidelberg, Germany

IAU General Assembly Special Session 1 IR and
sub-mm spectroscopy A new tool for studying
stellar evolution
2
Vibrational transition of CO
-
-
UV-Vis.
-
Electronic transition
-
-
-
Ly a, OIII
NIR-MIR
Vibrational transition
CO v1-0 R(0)
H2 v1-0 S(0)
MIR/FIR-Radio
Rotational transition
CO J1-0
Scoville et al. 1980, ApJ, 240, 929
3
Spectra of CO vibrational transition
v2-0 at 2.3 um
Goto, Mitchell, et al. 2003 ApJ, 240, 929
?v2 v2-0, v3-21 etc....
4
How we arrived here
1980
1990
2000
2010
Scoville et al. 1980, 1983
?
BN something warm and dense...
2/3 AU?, disk?
era of massive star
5
Latest trend
3) H2, H2O, OH, C2H2
1) structure of disk
Gaps
van der Plas et al. 2009, AA 500, 1137
Blake Boogert 2004, ApJ,L 606, L73
Inner cavity
Hügelmeyer et al. 2009, AA, 498 793
Inner wall
Pontoppindan et al. 2008, 684, 1323
2) how gas disappear?

• T Tauri stars

• Herbig Ae/Be stars

Najita et al. 2003, ApJ, 589, 931
Brittain et al. 2003, pJ, 588, 533
Salyk et al. 2009, APJ, 699, 330
Goto et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 758
Rettig et al. 2004, ApJL, 616, L163

• transition object next talk by J. Brown

6
Instrumentation pushes fronts

• Spectral resolution - kinematics

Keplerian rotation

• Spatial resolution

disk structure
non-Keplerian rotation
7
Disk in rotation
WL 16
CO band head at 2.3 um
Carr et al. 1993, ApJL, 411, L37

• spectral resolution - kinematics

Keplerian rotation
Carr et al. 1989,, ApJ, 345, 522
8
Disk with a Cut-off
V836 Tau
CO fundamental transition at 4.7 um
Najita et al. 2008, APJ, 687, 1168

• central depression too strong

definite outer boundary
9
Disk with a Gap
van der Plas et al. 2008, AA, 485, 487
HD 101412, OI 6300A

• double-double peak

gap
10
Disk in Motion
EX Lup - prototype EXor variable

• early 2008 Largest outburst in its record

• monitoring in CO fundamental band

c.f. V 1647 Ori (also known as McNeils Nebula)
Brittain et al. 2008, Rettig et al. 2005, Gibb
et al. 2006
11
Observation

• CRIRES / VLT, IRCS/Subaru

• R100,000, R20,000 (dv3 km/s, 15 km/s)

• 4.6-4.9 um (non continuous coverage)

Goto et al. in prep.
12
Three components
13
DIsk in motion picture
14
Picture of Outburst

• Outburst sets off at 0.2 AU

• Inner disk cut off from outer disk there

• and evolves fast

• accretes on the star

• outer disk does not join in the accretion

• but only passively heated afterward

15
Spatial resolution

• disk structure - inner hole, outer edge, gaps

• assuming Keplerian rotation

• 0.1at 5 um, 10 AU at 100 pc away

• start resolving structures

16
Herbig Ae/Be star HD 141569A

• IRCS / Subaru, R20,000, with AO

17
Spectroscopyhigh dynamic range imaging
Goto et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 758
18
Photodissociation at work

• size of the inner hole 11- 2 AU

• matches gravitational radius of 2 M star

• where escape velocity balances sound speed

• photodissociation at work

19
more to come
outer bright disk 50 AU
inner edge is bright
outer faint disk
see also Brittain et al. 2009 arXiv0907.0047 for
HD 100546
20
Spectroastrometry
see also, Pontoppidan et al. 2008 van der Plas
et al. 2009 for 1D astrometry

• TW Hya, SINFONI/VLT

Goto et al. ApJ submitted.
21
Astrometry down to 0.01 pix

• TW Hya

- 51 pc away

• SINFONI

- 25 mas/spx

• 0.025 mas

• 0.0013AU

• 0.25R?

22
Spectroastrometry
23
Spatial resolution

• disk structure - inner hole, outer edge, gaps

• assuming Keplerian rotation

• 0.1at 5 um, 10 AU at 100 pc away

• start resolving structures

24
IRIS/TMT

• 1-2.5 um

• R8,000

• IFU

x no CO dv1 at 4.7 um
x no organic molecules
www.astro.ucla.edu/irlab/iris/
25
METIS / E-ELT

• 3-14 um

• R100,000

• IFU

x simultaneous spectral coverage
www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/metis/
26
Summary
27
ALMA / Herschel
28
Vibrational transition of molecule