User Account Administration

1
User Account Administration

• Introduction to User Accounts
• Planning New User Accounts
• Creating User Accounts
• Creating User Profiles
• Creating Home Directories
• Maintaining User Accounts

2
Introduction to User Accounts

• Local User Accounts
• Domain User Accounts
• Built-In User Accounts

3
Local User Accounts
4
Local User Accounts

• Local user accounts allow users to log on and
  gain access to resources only on the computer
  where the local user account is created.
• Microsoft Windows 2000 creates the account only
  in that computers security database, which is
  called the local security database.
• Windows 2000 does not replicate local user
  account information to domain controllers.
• The domain does not recognize local user
  accounts.
• Do not create local user accounts on computers
  that require access to domain resources.

5
Domain User Accounts
6
Domain User Accounts

• Allow users to log on to the domain and gain
  access to resources anywhere on the network.
• The user provides a user name and password during
  the logon process.
• A domain user account can be created in a
  container or OU in the copy of the Active
  Directory database on a domain controller.
• The domain controller replicates the new user
  account information to all domain controllers in
  the domain.
• After the new user account information is
  replicated, all of the domain controllers in the
  domain tree can authenticate the user during the
  logon process.

7
Access Tokens

• Windows 2000 authenticates the user and then
  builds an access token that contains information
  about the user and security settings.
• The access token identifies the user trying to
  gain access to resources on computers running
  Windows 2000 and pre-Windows 2000 computers.
• Windows 2000 provides the access token for the
  duration of the logon session.

8
Built-In User Accounts Administrator

• Use this account to manage the overall computer
  and domain configuration.
• Create a user account to perform
  nonadministrative tasks.
• Use this account only when performing
  administrative tasks.
• The account can be renamed to provide a greater
  degree of security.
• The account cannot be deleted.

9
Built-In User Accounts Guest

• Allows occasional users the ability to log on and
  gain access to resources
• Disabled by default
• Enabled only in low-security networks
• Always assigned a password
• Can be renamed and disabled, but not deleted

10
Planning New User Accounts

• Naming Conventions
• Password Requirements
• Account Options
• Practice Planning New User Accounts

11
Naming Conventions

• Local user accounts Unique to the computer
• Domain user accounts Unique to the directory
• 20 characters maximum
• Invalid characters / \ , ? lt gt
• User logon names Not case-sensitive
• Accommodate duplicate employee names
• Identify type of employee
• E-mail compatibility

12
Password Requirements

• Use passwords that are hard to guess.
• Maximum 14 characters minimum eight recommended.
• Use uppercase and lowercase letters, numerals,
  and nonalphanumeric characters.
• Use at least one symbol character in the second
  through sixth positions.
• Make password significantly different from prior
  passwords.
• Must not contain the users name or user name.
• Must not be a common word or name.

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Account Options

• Logon hours
• Computers from which users can log on
• Account expiration

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Creating User Accounts

• Creating Local User Accounts
• Creating Domain User Accounts
• Practice Creating Domain User Accounts
• User Account Properties
• Setting Personal Properties
• Setting Account Properties
• Setting Logon Hours
• Setting the Computers from Which Users Can Log On
• Configuring Dial-In Settings
• Practice Modifying User Account Properties

15
Local Users and Groups Snap-In, New User Dialog
Box
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Local User Account Options

• User Name A unique name based on naming
  conventions required.
• Full Name Complete name of the user determines
  which person belongs to an account optional.
• Description Useful for identifying users
  optional.
• User Must Change Password At Next Logon Requires
  user to change password when logging on the first
  time.
• User Cannot Change Password Only administrators
  are allowed to control passwords.
• Password Never Expires Password will never
  change.
• Account Is Disabled Prevents use of the users
  account.

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Creating Domain User Accounts

• Use the Active Directory Users and Computers
  console to create, delete, or disable domain user
  accounts on the domain controller, or local user
  accounts on any computer in the domain.
• The user logon name defaults to the domain in
  which the domain user account is being created.
• With proper permissions, any domain can be
  selected to create domain user accounts.
• The container must be selected to create the new
  account.
• Create the account in the default Users container
  or in a container that is created to hold domain
  user accounts.

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Active Directory Users and Computers Console
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User Name Options

• First Name The users first name.
• Initials The users initials.
• Last Name The users last name.
• Full Name The users complete name.
• User Logon Uniquely identifies the user
  throughout the entire network.
• User Logon Name (Pre-Windows 2000) Users unique
  logon name that is used to log on from earlier
  versions of Windows entry is required and must
  be unique within the domain.

20
New Object-User Dialog Box
21
Password Options

• Password Used to authenticate the user.
• Confirm Password Confirmation that the password
  was typed correctly.
• User Must Change Password At Next Logon Requires
  user to change password when logging on the first
  time.
• User Cannot Change Password Only administrators
  are allowed to control passwords.
• Password Never Expires Password will never
  change.
• Account Is Disabled Prevents use of the users
  account.

22
User Account Properties

• A default set of properties is associated with
  each user account created.
• Personal and account properties, logon options,
  and dial-in settings can be configured after
  creating a user account.
• Account properties equate to object attributes
  for domain users.
• Properties defined for a domain user account can
  be used to search the directory or for use in
  other applications as objects attributes.
• Detailed definitions should be provided for each
  domain user account created.

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Properties Dialog Box Tabs

• General Users first name, last name, display
  name, description, office location, telephone
  number(s), e-mail address, home page, and
  additional Web pages
• Address Users street address, post office box,
  city, state or province, zip or postal code, and
  country or region
• Account Users logon name, logon hours,
  computers permitted to log on to, account
  options, and account expiration
• Profile Profile path, logon script path, home
  directory, and shared document folder
• Telephones Users home, pager, mobile, fax, and
  IP telephone numbers, and spaces for comments
• Organization Users title, department, company,
  manager, and direct reports

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Additional Properties Dialog Box Tabs

• Remote Control Terminal Services remote control
  settings
• Terminal Services Profile Terminal Services user
  profile
• Member Of Groups to which the user belongs
• Dial-In Dial-in properties for the user
• Environment Terminal Services startup
  environment
• Sessions Terminal Services timeout and
  reconnection settings

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Address Tab of the Properties Dialog Box
26
Account Tab of the Properties Dialog Box
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Additional Account Options

• Store Password Using Reversible Encryption
  Enables Macintosh users to log on
• Smart Card Is Required For Interactive Logon
  Allows a user to log on with a smart card
• Account Is Trusted For Delegation Allows a user
  to assign responsibility for management and
  administration of a portion of the namespace to
  another user, group, or organization
• Account Is Sensitive And Cannot Be Delegated
  Prevents the account from being assigned for
  delegation by another account
• Use DES Encryption Types For This Account
  Provides the Data Encryption Standard (DES)
• Do Not Require Kerberos Preauthentication
  Removes Kerberos preauthentication for accounts
  using another implementation of Kerberos
• Account Expires Sets account expiration dates

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Logon Hours Dialog Box
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Setting Logon Hours

• Controls when a user can log on to the domain.
• Limits the hours users can explore the network.
• By default, Windows 2000 permits access for all
  hours on all days.
• Reduces the amount of time that the account is
  open to unauthorized access.

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Logon Workstation Dialog Box
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Setting Logon Options

• Setting logon options for the domain user account
  allows you to control the computers from which a
  user can log on to the domain.
• Setting the computers from which a user can log
  on prevents users from accessing another users
  data that is stored on that users computer.
• By default, each user can log on from all
  computers in the domain.

32
Options on the Dial-In Tab

• Allow Access
• Deny Access
• Control Access Through Remote Access Policy
• Verify Caller-ID
• Callback Options
• No Callback
• Set By Caller
• Always Callback To
• Assign A Static IP Address
• Apply Static Routes
• Static Routes

33
Creating User Profiles

• User Profiles
• Local User Profiles
• Roaming User Profiles
• Mandatory User Profiles
• Practice Managing User Profiles

34
User Profile Overview

• A collection of folders and data that stores the
  users current desktop environment, application
  settings, and personal data
• Contains all network connections established when
  a user logs on to a computer
• Maintains consistency of desktop environments
  provides each user with the same desktop
  environment used the last time that user logged on

35
User ProfilesAdvantages to Users

• Multiple users can use the same computer each
  user receives own desktop settings at logon.
• When logging on to their workstation, users
  receive the same desktop settings as existed when
  they logged off.
• Customization of the desktop environment by one
  user does not affect another users settings.
• Roaming user profile User profile stored on a
  server, which follows that user to any computer
  running Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000 on the
  network.
• Application settings are retained for
  applications that are Windows 2000-certified.

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User ProfilesAdministrative Advantages

• Allows creation of a default user profile that is
  appropriate for the users task
• Allows a mandatory user profile to be established
  that does not save changes made by the user to
  the desktop settings
• Allows specific default user settings to be
  included in all of the individual user profiles

37
Profile Types

• Local user profile Created upon first logon to a
  computer and stored on the computers local hard
  disk changes are saved on the computer on which
  changes are made.
• Roaming user profile Created by the system
  administrator and stored on a server changes are
  updated on the server.
• Mandatory user profile A roaming profile used to
  specify particular settings for individuals or an
  entire group of users changes made by the user
  are discarded.

38
User Profile Contents

• Local user profiles are stored in C\Documents
  and Settings\user-logon-name folder.
• Roaming user profiles are stored in a shared
  folder on the server.
• Use the My Documents folder to centralize all
  user settings and personal documents into a
  single folder that is part of the user profile.
• Windows 2000 automatically sets up the My
  Documents folder, which is the default location
  for storing users data for Microsoft
  applications.
• Home directories can also contain files and
  programs for a user.

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Contents of a User Profile Folder

• Application data folder
• Cookies folder
• Desktop folder
• Favorites folder
• FrontPageTempDir folder
• Local Settings folder
• My Documents folder
• My Pictures folder
• NetHood folder
• PrintHood folder
• Recent folder
• SendTo folder
• Start Menu folder
• Templates folder
• NTUSER.DAT file

40
Local User Profiles

• Windows 2000 creates a local user profile the
  first time a user logs on at a computer, storing
  the profile on that computer.
• The local user profile is stored in the
  C\Documents and Settings\user_logon_name folder.
• When logging on to Windows 2000, users always
  receive their individual desktop settings and
  connections, regardless of how many users share
  the same client computer.
• When a user logs off, Windows 2000 incorporates
  the changes into the user profile stored on the
  computer.

41
Roaming User Profiles

• Roaming user profiles support users who work at
  multiple computers.
• Roaming user profiles are stored on the network
  server and are available to the user no matter
  where the user logs on in the domain.
• Users always receive their own individual desktop
  settings and connections.
• The first time a user logs on at a computer,
  Windows 2000 copies all documents to the local
  computer.
• When a user logs off, Windows 2000 copies changes
  back to the server where the profile is stored.

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Profile Path for a Roaming User Profile
43
Copying a User Profile Template
44
Mandatory User Profiles

• A mandatory user profile is a read-only roaming
  user profile.
• Users can modify the desktop settings of the
  computer while they are logged on, but none of
  these changes is saved when they log off.
• The next time that the user logs on, the profile
  is the same as the last time that user logged on.
• One mandatory profile can be assigned to multiple
  users who require the same desktop settings.
• By changing one profile, several users desktop
  environments can be changed.

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Creating a Mandatory User Profile

• A hidden file called NTUSER.DAT contains that
  section of the Windows 2000 system settings that
  applies to the individual user account and
  contains the user environment settings.
• This hidden file becomes a read-only file if you
  change its name to NTUSER.MAN.

46
Creating Home Directories

• Introducing Home Directories
• Creating Home Directories on a Server

47
Home Directory Overview

• Folder that can be provided to users to store
  personal documents in addition to the My
  Documents folder
• Sometimes the default folder for saving documents
  in older applications
• Stored on a client computer or in a shared folder
  on a file server
• Not a member of a roaming user profile
• Does not affect network traffic during the logon
  process

48
Home Directory Advantages

• Users can gain access to their home directories
  from any client computer on the network.
• Backing up and administration of user documents
  are centralized.
• Home directories are accessible from a client
  computer running any Microsoft operating system.

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Creating Home Directories

• Permission to administer the object in which the
  user accounts reside is mandatory.
• When username is used to name a folder on an
  NTFS volume, the user is assigned the NTFS Full
  Control permission.
• All other permissions are removed from the
  folder, including those for the Administrator
  account.

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Specifying a Path to a Home Directory Folder
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Maintaining User Accounts

• Disabling, Enabling, Renaming, and Deleting User
  Accounts
• Resetting Passwords
• Unlocking User Accounts
• Practice Administering User Accounts

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Maintaining User Accounts Overview

• The needs of an organization might require the
  modification of user accounts.
• Modifications of user accounts are based on
  personnel changes or personal information.
• You make changes to the user account object in
  Active Directory to modify a user account.
• You must have permission to administer the object
  in which the user accounts reside.

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Modifications Affecting Functionality of User
Accounts

• Disabling and enabling a user account
• Renaming a user account
• Deleting a user account

54
Disabling, Enabling, Deleting, or Renaming User
Accounts
55
Resetting Passwords

• Reset a password if a users password expires
  before it can be changed, or if a user forgets
  the password.
• It is not necessary to know the old password.
• Once the password is set, it is not visible to
  any user, including the administrator, thus
  improving security.

56
Unlocking User Accounts

• A Windows 2000 group policy locks out a user
  account when the user violates the policy.
• When a user account is locked out, Windows 2000
  displays an error message.