Training

1
International
Armaments Cooperation
2
Defense Acquisition Management Framework
Joint Capabilities Integration Development
System
C
Engineering Manufacturing Development
Production Deployment
Operations Support
Materiel Solution Analysis
Technology Development
Operations Support
LRIP
Full-Rate Prod Deployment
Integrated System Design
System Capability Manufacturing
Process Demonstration
Life Cycle Sustainment
Full Rate Production Decision
Materiel Development Decision
Disposal
Post CDR Assessment
CDR
PDR
PDR
Initial Operational Capability
Full Operational Capability
Pre-Systems Acquisition
Systems Acquisition
Foreign Military Sales
International Armament Cooperation Programs
USD (Policy)
USD (ATL)
LOAs
International Agreements
3
DoD Acquisition Strategy

• International Programs Security Handbook
• Very few U.S. defense articles will not be sold
  or shared with an ally sometime during the
  articles life
• Planning for foreign participation must start
  early in the acquisition process

FMS 20XX ?
4
DoD Acquisition Strategy

• Plan for potential foreign participation
• Cooperative Opportunities Document (COD)
  
• Program Protection Plan (PPP)
• Technology Assessment/Control Plan (TA/CP)
• Delegation of Disclosure
  Authority Letter (DDL)
• Program Security
  Instruction (PSI)

5
Anti-Tamper (AT) Measures

• SAMM requires ALL LOAs for materiel to
  include this note
• The USG may incorporate AT protection into
  weapon systems and components that contain
  Critical Program Information. The AT protection
  will not impact operations, maintenance, or
  logistics provided that all terms delineated in
  the system technical documentation are followed.

6
Purchaser Decision Model
CONDUCT DOMESTIC RDTE PRODUCTION
PARTICIPATE IN COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
PARTICIPATE IN COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
IDENTIFIED REQUIREMENT
BUY EQUIPMENT
Other EQUIPMENT
US EQUIPMENT
7
Russia India Collaborate on Fighter By AGENCE
FRANCE-PRESS, MOSCOW, 10/17/07

• Russia and India will collaborate on building a
  new fifth generation fighter plane. We are
  collaborating on missiles, a new combat plane and
  on a multipurpose transport plane ...
  demonstrating the strategic nature of
  Russo-Indian cooperation, Kurian Antony said at
  a high-level meeting in Moscow.
• The Russian Defense Minister pointed out the
  importance of military cooperation between the
  two countries currently shown in the joint
  construction of the Su-30 MKI fighter plane and
  the T-90 tank.
• In fact, India is no longer content simply to
  purchase arms but now favors joint productions
  thanks to the transfer of technologies.

8
Armaments Cooperation

100
Total Activity

Armaments Cooperation
Defense Industrialization
9
OSD and MILDEPs
SECDEF ________________ DEP SECDEF
Secretary of the Army
USD (ATL)
GENERAL COUNSEL
USD (C)
USD (I)
USD (P)
ASA (ALT)
ASD (GSA)
DSS
DASA-DEC
Director International Cooperation
DSCA
Secretary of the Navy
ASN, RDA
Navy IPO
Director, Planning and Analysis
Dir, Pacific Armaments Cooperation
Dir, Atlantic Armaments Cooperation
Secretary of the Air Force
SAF/IA
http//www.acq.osd.mil/ic/handbook.pdf
10
Overseas Armaments Cooperation Offices

• Army Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile,
  France, Germany, Japan, Singapore, UK
• Navy UK, Japan, Chile
• Air Force UK, Japan, Germany, France

11
Armaments Cooperation

• Countries with dedicated armaments cooperation
  personnel

12
DoD Acquisition Policy
PMs shall pursue international armaments
cooperation to the maximum extent feasible,
consistent with sound business practice and with
the overall political, economic, technological,
and national security goals of the United
States. DoD Directive 5000.1, May 12,
2003 Enclosure 1, Para E1.1
13
Objectives

• Operational
• Interoperable systems
• Broader military-to-military contact
• Shared logistics support
• Economic
• Share RDTE costs on new systems
• Reduce production costs through larger longer
  runs
• Reduce support costs through shared
  infrastructure
• Technical
• Access the best global technology
• Political
• Strengthen relationships
• Incentive for arms export restraint
• Industrial
• Bolster industrial base

14
Public Law
10 USC 2457

• It is the policy of the United States to
  standardize equipment, including weapons systems,
  ammunition, and fuel, procured for the use of the
  armed forces of the United States stationed in
  Europe under the North Atlantic Treaty or at
  least to make that equipment interoperable with
  equipment of other members of the North Atlantic
  Treaty organization.

15
Interoperability

• Systems, units, and forces shall be able to
  provide and accept data, information, material,
  and services to and from other systems, units,
  and forces and shall effectively interoperate
  with other U.S. Forces and coalition partners.
• DoD Directive 5000.1
• Defense Acquisition System

16
Objectives

• Operational
• Interoperable systems
• Broader military-to-military contact
• Shared logistics support
• Economic
• Share RDTE costs on new systems
• Reduce production costs through larger longer
  runs
• Reduce support costs through shared
  infrastructure
• Technical
• Access the best global technology
• Political
• Strengthen relationships
• Incentive for arms export restraint
• Industrial
• Bolster industrial base

17
Typical DOD System Life-Cycle Cost
Life-Cycle Cost
Operation and Support
System Acquisition
Production
System Research and Development
60
30
10
18
RD Agreement Financial Contributions (M)
99 Agreements
64 Agreements
80 Agreements
90 Agreements
61 Agreements
19
Objectives

• Operational
• Interoperable systems
• Broader military-to-military contact
• Shared logistics support
• Economic
• Share RDTE costs on new systems
• Reduce production costs through larger longer
  runs
• Reduce support costs through shared
  infrastructure
• Technical
• Access the best global technology
• Political
• Strengthen relationships
• Incentive for arms export restraint
• Industrial
• Bolster industrial base

20
Objectives

• Operational
• Interoperable systems
• Broader military-to-military contact
• Shared logistics support
• Economic
• Share RDTE costs on new systems
• Reduce production costs through larger longer
  runs
• Reduce support costs through shared
  infrastructure
• Technical
• Access the best global technology
• Political
• Strengthen relationships
• Incentive for arms export restraint
• Industrial
• Bolster industrial base

21
Objectives

• Operational
• Interoperable systems
• Broader military-to-military contact
• Shared logistics support
• Economic
• Share RDTE costs on new systems
• Reduce production costs through larger longer
  runs
• Reduce support costs through shared
  infrastructure
• Technical
• Access the best global technology
• Political
• Strengthen relationships
• Incentive for arms export restraint
• Industrial
• Bolster industrial base

22
Environment
Cooperative Programs
IMPEDIMENTS
Technology security Not invented here
Program complexity
Armaments Cooperation
PPBS funding mismatches Congress
Contractors Organiza-tional mismatches
23
IACP PROGRAMS

• Information (Data) Exchange Program
• Engineer and Scientist Exchange Program
• Foreign Comparative Testing Program
• Cooperative RDTE Production Programs
• Defense Trade
• Cooperative Logistics

24
IEP Objectives

• Exchange of scientific and technical information
  in mutual interest areas to
• Avoid duplication of RD
• Access technological advances
• Identify areas for further collaboration
• Promote interoperability

25
Information Exchange

• Master Information (Data) Exchange Program (IEP)
  Agreements negotiated at USD(ATL) and foreign
  ministry level
• Information (Data) Exchange Annex (IEA) executed
  for each technical exchange by the services

26
IEP Policies

• Foreign RD capabilities must contribute to
  satisfying a U.S. military requirement
• Conducted on a reciprocal, balanced basis
• Exchanges limited to narrowest subject area
  practicable
• Parties bear own costs
• No manufacturing or production data
• No loan/leases of equipment

27
IEP Participants
Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Canada
Czech Republic Denmark Egypt Finland France Germa
ny
Greece Hungary Indonesia Israel Italy Japan Jordan
Korea Luxembourg Malaysia Netherlands New
Zealand Norway
Pakistan Philippines Poland Portugal Singapore Sp
ain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey Unit
ed Kingdom
28
Information Exchange Examples

• Army - Australia - Modeling document exchange
• The U.S. leveraged a 5K investment under a IEA
  on Electronic Warfare Vulnerability Assessment.
  The documents sent to Australia cost 5K to
  develop the documents received from Australia
  would have cost the U.S. 75K to develop
• Air Force - Ramjet Combined Engine Propulsion
  Technology
• IEA provides for sharing of research data from
  high speed, innovative propulsion studies. Cost
  and time avoidance of 1M of RDTE 2-3 years
• Navy - Netherlands - Surface Ships
• IEA provides for exchange of data on surface ship
  electromagnetic effects on the environment

29
IACP PROGRAMS

• Information (Data) Exchange Program
• Engineer and Scientist Exchange Program
• Foreign Comparative Testing Program
• Cooperative RDTE Production Programs
• Defense Trade
• Cooperative Logistics

30
ESEP Objectives

• Form a cadre of internationally experienced
  military and civilian professionals to enhance
  research and development programs
• Gain insight into foreign research methods,
  organizational structures and management systems
• Cultivate future cooperative endeavors

31
ESEP Background

• First exchange program with Germany 1963
• MOU concluded at OSD level with foreign
  counterpart
• OSD designates a service to be DoD executive
  agent for administering program
• Promotes international cooperation in RDTE by
  assignment of military or civilian engineers and
  scientists to positions in foreign facilities

32
ESEP Policies

• Career development assignments (1-2 years)
• In-depth study in technical areas associated with
  national defense
• Exchanges need not be one-for-one
• Same technical discipline not required
• Not a training program
• Not a vehicle for obtaining tech data on weapon
  systems

33
ESEP Agreements
South Korea Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Sin
gapore Sweden United Kingdom
Australia Canada Egypt France Germany Italy Israel
Japan
34
IACP PROGRAMS

• Information (Data) Exchange Program
• Engineer and Scientist Exchange Program
• Foreign Comparative Testing Program
• Cooperative RDTE Production Programs
• Defense Trade
• Cooperative Logistics

35
FCT Policy and Purpose

• Created 1989 Reduce duplicative RDTE
• Consolidated earlier programs
• NATO comparative test (NCT) program (1986)
• Foreign Weapons Evaluation (FWE) program (1980)

36
FCT

• Separate US funding source to test foreign
  equipment to determine if it will satisfy a US
  defense requirement
• Objectives
• Improved capability
• Cost avoidance
• Reduce acquisition lead-times

37
Defense Acquisition SystemOrder of Preference
1. Commercially products or dual-use technology
from domestic or international sources 2.
Production or modification of already developed
U.S. or Allied military systems or equipment 3.
Cooperative development program with one or more
Allied nations 4. New joint Service
development 5. New Service-unique development
DoD Directive 5000.1
38
Program Manager Responsibility

• Identify and nominate candidate foreign programs
  for FCT
• Determine resources needed
• Develop the test plan
• Execute the approved FCT proposal
• Provide quarterly status reports and completed
  test report to OSD
• Make procurement decision

39
Zvezda K-36D Ejection Seat
40
FCT Success

• Pressure Sensitive Paint
• USAF tested Russian aerodynamic models paint
  technology in Russian wind tunnels
• Cost time avoidance of RDTE - 3-4M,
  development time - 5-7 yrs cost savings per
  test - 500K-1M
• Hot Gas Thrust Vector Control Valve
• USAF tested French concept using rocket engine
  gases to adjust thrust
• Cost, time avoidance and payoff RDTE - 10M,
  development time - 2 yrs
• Cold Water Escape Suit With Integral Life Raft
• USN tested and bought from the UK submarine
  escape suits enabling crews to escape at greater
  depths and survive on the surface until rescued.
  
• Cost avoidance 9M

41
IACP PROGRAMS

• Information (Data) Exchange Program
• Engineer and Scientist Exchange Program
• Foreign Comparative Testing Program
• Cooperative RDTE Production Programs
• Defense Trade
• Cooperative Logistics

42
Cooperative RDTE andProduction Definition
The DOD and a foreign defense ministry by written
agreement jointly manage an RDTE and/or
production effort to satisfy a common requirement
by sharing work, technology and costs
43
Defense Acquisition Management Framework
Determination of Capability Requirements
B
C
System Integration
System Demonstration
Low Rate InitialProd
Full-Rate Prod Deployment
Sustainment
Disposal
Full Rate Production Decision Review
Design Readiness Review
Concept Decision



System Development Demonstration
Operations Support
Concept Refinement
Technology Development
Production Deployment
International Armament Cooperation Programs
Foreign Military Sales
USD (ATL)
USD (Policy)
International Agreements
LOAs
44
Defense Acquisition SystemOrder of Preference
1. Commercially products or dual-use technology
from domestic or international sources 2.
Production or modification of already developed
U.S. or Allied military systems or equipment 3.
Cooperative development program with one or more
Allied nations 4. New joint Service
development 5. New Service-unique development
DoD Directive 5000.1
45
Cooperative RDTEand Production
MOU

• Joint RD
• Joint/Concurrent Production

46
Cooperative Production
47
Co-production Defined

• Enables a foreign government or firm to acquire
  know-how to manufacture or assemble a defense
  item, in whole or part, by either
• Government-to-Government agreement
• LOA or LOA and MOU
• Commercial License
• Munitions export license
• May also require MOU, LOA, or both

48
Co-production MOUs

• International agreements contemplating
  co-production implemented via security assistance
  program require approval of the Director, DSCA
• Guidance on co-production MOUs and LOAs
• SAMM, C11.9.3
• DoDD 5530.3, Coproduction Agreements

49
F-16 Multinational Co-production
50
Co-production vs. Cooperative Development and
Production
Co-production

• Co-assemble
• Co-produce

MOU
LOA
Technical Data

• U.S. RD
• U.S. Initial Production
• FMS History

Cooperative Development and Production
MOU

• Joint RD
• Joint/Concurrent Production
• Joint Management

51
Co-production Programs

• EP-3 AIRCRAFT
• JAPAN
• AIM-9L MISSILE
• GERMANY
• JAPAN
• M1A1 TANK
• EGYPT
• STINGER AIR DEFENSE MISSILE
• GERMANY
• SWITZERLAND
• F-16 MULTINATIONAL FIGHTER PROGRAM
• BELGIUM, DENMARK, NETHERLANDS, NORWAY, TURKEY
• NATO AWACS
• NATO COUNTRIES LESS FRANCE, ICELAND, SPAIN

52
IACP PROGRAMS

• Information (Data) Exchange Program
• Engineer and Scientist Exchange Program
• Foreign Comparative Testing Program
• Cooperative RDTE Production Programs
• Defense Trade
• Cooperative Logistics

53
Defense Trade
Two Way Street
54
Domestic Preference Laws

• Discriminate against foreign offers
• Buy American Act of 1933
• Non-DoD, Large US business Add 6 to foreign
  offer
• Non-DoD, Small US business Add 12 to foreign
  offer
• DoD, Any US business Add 50 to
  foreign offer

55
Competition
Competition shall provide major incentives to
industry and Government organizations to
innovate, reduce cost, and increase
qualityAcquisition managers shall take all
necessary actions to promote a competitive
environment, includingensuring that qualified
international sources are permitted to
compete. DoD Directive 5000.1, May 12,
2003 Enclosure 1, Para E1.3
56
Reciprocal ProcurementMemorandum of Understanding

• Both nations agree to
• Evaluate offers without price differentials
  resulting from buy national laws
• Obtain exemptions from customs and duties
• Consider all qualified sources in other country
• Annexes may provide for reciprocal contract
  support (audit, administration, quality
  assurance)

57
Reciprocal Procurement MOUs DFARS 225.872-1

• Australia
• Austria
• Belgium
• Canada
• Denmark
• Egypt
• Finland

• Norway
• Portugal
• Spain
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• Turkey
• U.K.

• France
• Germany
• Greece
• Israel
• Italy
• Luxembourg
• Netherlands

58
Defense Trade

• AV-8 Harrier Aircraft - United Kingdom
• 9mm Beretta Pistol - Italy
• M1A1 120mm Tank Gun - Germany
• Joint Primary Aircraft Training System -
  Switzerland
• T-45 Aircraft - McDonnell Douglas British
  Aerospace
• Mark 92 Naval Fire Control Radar - Netherlands

59
IACP PROGRAMS

• Information (Data) Exchange Program
• Engineer and Scientist Exchange Program
• Foreign Comparative Testing Program
• Cooperative RDTE Production Programs
• Defense Trade
• Cooperative Logistics

60
International Cooperative Logistics

• Objectives
• Enhanced logistics support of the U.S. and its
  friends and allies
• Promotes Rationalization, Standardization and
  Interoperability
• More efficient use of resources
• Improved readiness

61
International CooperativeLogistics

• Categories of logistic support, supplies,
  services
• Base Operations Support
• Storage Services
• Billeting
• Transportation
• Petroleum/Fuel
• Spare Parts
• Repair Services

• Food
• Facility Use
• Training Services
• Clothing
• Medical Services
• Port Services
• Communications

62
Acquisition Cross-Servicing Agreements (ACSA)

• Bilateral international agreements that permit
  cooperative logistics support for exercises or
  contingencies
• DoD Directive 2010.9
• CJCS Instruction 2120.01
• Payment options
• Cash
• Replacement in Kind
• Equal Value Exchange

63
ACSA Normal Exclusions

• Routine support
• Weapon systems
• Major end items
• Guided missiles
• Naval mines
• CAD/PAD

• Nuclear/chemical items
• Bomb guidance kits
• Torpedoes
• Chaff

64
ACSA Special AuthorityFY 07 NDAA Sec 1202

• SME permitted to mil forces participating in Iraq
  Afghanistan combined ops
• Requires approval by Sec Defense Sec State
• Expires 30 Sep 08
• USML categories permitted
• I - Firearms, close assault weapons, combat
  shotguns
• II Guns armament
• III Ammunition ordnance
• VII Tanks and military vehicles
• XI Military electronics
• XIII Auxiliary Military Equipment

65
ACSAs by Combatant Commander
Ireland
Slovenia
Denmark
Estonia
Latvia
Armenia
Belgium
Finland
Albania
Norway
94 Agreements In-place
Lithuania
Switzerland
Netherlands
Georgia
Ukraine
Luxembourg
France
Austria
Romania
Bulgaria
Uganda
Bosnia Herzegovina Germany
Azerbaijan
SHAPE
United Kingdom
Sweden
NAMSA
Mauritania
Portugal
Spain
Croatia
Japan
NORTHCOM (1)
JFCOM (2)
Italy
PACOM
(12)
PACOM
(9)
Korea
Canada
Fiji
Czech Republic
EUCOM
(58)
EUCOM
(35)
Hungary
Thailand
Philippines
Poland
JFCOM (1)
Slovakia
Mongolia
FYROM
Turkey
ACT (SACLANT)
CENTCOM (13)
CENTCOM (6)
Tonga
Senegal
SOUTHCOM (9)
SOUTHCOM (7)
Tunisia
Afghanistan
Chad
Australia
Peru
Bahrain
Sao Tome Principe
South Africa
Singapore
Jordan
El Salvador
Chile
DROC
Greece
New Zealand
Rwanda
Argentina
Mali
Pakistan
Ecuador
Israel
Moldova
Djibouti
Malaysia
Dominican Republic
Colombia
Kazakhstan
Botswana Gabon
Lebanon
Sri Lanka
Honduras
Uruguay
Ghana
Cape Verde
Tajikistan
Serbia
Mozambique
Ethiopia
Montenegro
Qatar
Oman
Uzbekistan UAE
66
Cooperation Opportunities
FOC
IOC
Production Deployment
System Development Demonstration
Technology Development
Concept Refinement
Operations Support
Design Readiness Review
FRP Decision Review
LRIP/IOTE
ConceptDecision
Pre-Systems Acquisition
Systems Acquisition
Sustainment
International Cooperation Opportunities
Exploratory Discussions International Forums
Cooperative RD International Testing
Studies Exchanges
Cooperative Production FMS Coproduction Licensed
Coproduction
Cooperative Logistics
IEP ESEP
Cooperative Production Co-production Defense Trade
FCT
Cooperative Logistics ACSAs
67
CooperativePrograms -Drivers andResisters
Budget Downsizing
Congress
OSD Policy to Cooperate
Avoid Duplication
Cost Sharing Lower U.S. Cost
RSI
Cooperative Programs
Longer Lead-time
U.S. Industrial Base
Multi- National Prog. Mgt. Complexity
Technology Sharing
Not - Invented Here Syndrome
Arms Proliferation